斑点免疫渗滤法检测丙肝IgG抗体试剂盒的研制

用基因工程重组的丙肝抗原包被于硝酸纤维素膜，建立了检测丙肝ＩｇＧ抗体的斑点免疫渗滤法。与ＥＬＩＳＡ试剂盒进行双盲式同步测定，二法检验结果差异无显著性。渗滤法简便快速，适用于各级医院，有很强的推广价值。     

Dose-response differences in the ability of ramipril to improve retention in diabetic mice

Ramipril blocks the conversion of angiotensin I to II. The literature indicates that diabetes is often associated with mild impairment of learning and memory. The study reports the effects of ramipril on memory retention in diabetic and non-diabetic mice. Mice were made diabetic by an injection of streptozocin. After overt signs of diabetes were present, diabetic or vehicle-treated mice were partially trained on a footshock active avoidance task. Immediately after training, ramipril (0.5–1.5 mg/kg s.c.) was administered and retention was tested by continuing training one week later until mice avoided footshock on five out of six trails. The results indicate that ramipril enhanced retention of both diabetic and control mice but it required about 5 times as much ramipril in diabetic as control mice to achieve the same effect on retention. Increased sensitivity to angiotensin II may play a role in cognitive impairment in diabetes.     

Characteristics of antibody responses induced in mice by protein allergens

Whereas many foreign proteins are immunogenic, only a proportion is also allergenic, having the capacity to induce the quality of immune response necessary to support the production of IgE antibody. We have demonstrated previously that intraperitoneal administration to mice of proteins such as ovalbumin (OVA) or the industrial enzyme A. oryzae lipase, which possess significant allergenic potential, stimulates the production of both IgG and IgE antibody. Identical exposure to bovine serum albumin (BSA), a protein with limited potential to cause immediate respiratory or gastrointestinal hypersensitivity reactions, induced IgG responses only. In the current investigations, the quality of immune responses induced following exposure to these proteins via mucosal tissue (intranasal) has been compared with those provoked following administration via a non-mucosal (intraperitoneal) route of exposure. Intranasal or intraperitoneal administration of BSA, OVA or A. oryzae lipase elicited in each case vigorous IgG and IgG1 antibody responses. For all three proteins, at every concentration tested, and via both routes of exposure, IgG1 antibody titres paralleled closely IgG titres. However, the three materials displayed a differential potential to provoke IgE responses and this correlated with their known allergenic potential in humans. Thus, OVA and A. oryzae lipase stimulated strong IgE antibody responses, whereas BSA provoked low titre IgE only at the highest concentration tested (5% administered intraperitoneally). The quality of induced responses was not affected by the route of exposure. It would appear, therefore, that the stimulation of IgG and IgG1 antibody responses is a reflection of protein immunogenicity whereas protein allergenicity is associated with the induction of strong IgE responses.     

蛇毒治疗不能解释肺动脉高压的研究

本通过对不能解释的肺动脉高压患，进行右心导管测定肺动脉平均压（ＰＡＭＰ）作为主要对照指标，观察蛇毒制品（精制溶栓酶）的急性药物试验和近期药物试验。发现该药物在近期有理想的降低ＰＡＭＰ作用，症状及胸片、超声心动图异常也明显取得改善，提示其可能为治疗该病的理想药物。     

重症胰腺炎动物模型制作及发病机理的研究

为探讨胰腺炎的发病机理，作者采用大鼠（ｎ＝５８只）十二指肠结扎法和犬（ｎ＝４６条）胰管内注射自身胆汁法制作重症胰腺炎的动物模型。该模型接近人类急性胰腺炎的发病因素，方法可靠，操作简便，费用便宜。前者适用于小动物实验，后者宜于大动物实验。作者认为胰管内压力增高和微生物是急性胰腺炎的重要条件；胰酶激活始动时间早在胰管内胆汁和肠液的反流后，胰酶激活的主要部位在腺泡细胞。     

Tacrolimus metabolite cross-reactivity in different tacrolimus assays

Objectives: Tacrolimus (FK506) is an immunosuppressive drug with great clinical promise. There is a controversy regarding the role of tacrolimus metabolites in immunosuppression and toxicity, and immunoassays and immunophilin binding assays have not been adequately tested for metabolite cross-reactivity. Methods are limited to HPLC and HPLC-MS for quantifying the parent drug. Mixed lymphocyte culture assay (MLC) is the preferred functional bioassay for the measurement of parent drug and active metabolites but it is not practical for routine laboratory use. Due to differences in assay methods and reagent specificity, the concentration of tacrolimus in a given specimen may vary among different assay kit manufacturers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the degree of cross-reactivity or interference of the three first-generation tacrolimus metabolites [13-O-demethyl (M-I), 31-O-demethyl (M-II) and 15-O-demethyl (M-III)] among two different tacrolimus immunoassays (Immunoassay: PRO-Trac II FK506, Abbott IMx tacrolimus-II); and the radioreceptor assays (RRA) using minor immunophilins (14, 37, and 52 kDa immunophilins) and tacrolimus binding protein (FKBP12).

Methods: First-generation tacrolimus metabolites (M-I, M-II, and M-III) spiked in drug-free whole blood were assayed with RRA using three minor immunophilins (14, 37, and 52 kDa) and two commercial immunoassay procedures (Incstar PRO-Trac II tacrolimus, Abbott IMx tacrolimus II). The results were compared to previously published FKBP-12 RRA data and their immunosuppressive potency.

Results and conclusion: The first generation tacrolimus metabolites (M-I, M-II, and M-III) were tested using concentrations of 10 and 20 ng/mL. The significance of the metabolite interference (% of the total interference) was calculated based on the relative concentration of each metabolite present at steady-state trough concentrations in renal transplant recipients [22]. Metabolite I, which has no functional immunosuppressive activity showed minimal interference compared to M-II and M-III in all assays except the 14 kDa RRA. The Incstar PRO-Trac II tacrolimus assay showed the least M-I interference. Metabolite-II, which has a pharmacologic potency similar to the parent drug, showed a significant interference in the immunoassays and significant interference in radioreceptor assays. Metabolite III, which is pharmacologically inactive, produces 3–10% interference in the different assays if its presence in the blood is 6% of the parent drug. The total interference from these three metabolites was greater in the immunoassays than in the receptor assays. Receptor assays for tacrolimus provide results closer to the target value than do immunoassays.     

左室肥厚对急性心肌梗塞时心肌酶的影响

通过２０例有左室肥厚和２３例无左室肥厚患者发生急性心肌梗塞时ＣＰＫ值的比较，发现在梗塞部位相同的情况下，心肌肥厚组的酶值水平高于非心肌肥厚组（１３．２±４．８比９．０±４．６Ｕ／ＬＰ＜０．０１），这可能与肥厚组酶活力增强和心肌梗塞体积增大有关。     

大鼠高氧暴露导致的肺泡内皮细胞结构和功能的变化(论著)

目的：进一步探索肺氧中毒的机理。方法：在大鼠常压高浓度氧（97％±2％）暴露的早期，观察肺血管紧张素转化酶（ACE）活性、脂质过氧化物（LPO）水平及肺泡毛细血管超微结构的变化。结果：随着肺ACE活性的下降和LPO水平的升高，部分肺泡内皮细胞（EC）出现胞浆水肿，同时肺泡毛细血管内白细胞、血小板明显增多。结论：肺泡EC胞膜功能的受损，尤其是胞膜结合的ACE活性下降所致对炎性介质清除的减少，可能起动了以肺泡EC胞膜通透性增高和炎细胞粘附为特征的早期肺氧中毒。     

Glutathione effects on vitamin D metabolism in control and streptozotocin diabetic rat

The circulating concentration of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25-(OH)₂D₃] is a physiologic index of enzymatic activity of the renal 1-hydroxylase of 25-hydroxychole-calciferol (25-OH-D₃). Hydroxylation of 25-OH-D₃ and circulating 1,25-(OH)₂D₃ are decreased in the streptozotocin diabetic rat. We previously found that activity of another redox enzyme system, cytosolic superoxide dismutase, also decreased in streptozotocin diabetes, can be restored by treatment with glutathione. In the present experiment we tested the effect of glutathione treatment on vitamin D metabolism in control and diabetic rats. Enteral glutathione increased circulating 1,25-(OH)₂D₃ and decreased 25-OH-D₃ in both control and diabetic animals. These results suggest that exogenous glutathione increases 25-OH-D₃ 1-hydroxylation both under basal conditions in the normal animal and in diabetes-induced depression.