转化医学实验平台建设与共享机制探讨

转化医学实验平台是突破基础研究与临床平台建设壁垒、将实际问题得以科学解决或转化为技术的依托。根据上海及国内其他地区转化医学建设发展的实际情况,针对目前大部分医院转化医学实验平台建设尚无统一模式、多学科交叉力度不大、资源分配不均等现状,探讨从战略定位、硬件建设、软件建设、人才队伍4个维度进行转化医学平台建设布局。基于提高科研设备使用效益、提高实验效率、保障安全性等共享目的,以需求为导向优化科研共享平台服务策略,从资源共享、服务共享、数据共享、特殊危险试剂共享等方面突出共享机制。实现院内医学转化多课题、多学科,甚至是跨院区、院内外、国际性合作平台的扩展。为优化资源配置、加强协同创新、样本库信息共享、托举人才培养、提高设备使用率、提升科研实际转化奠定基础。有利于基础科学研究转化成临床疗效的平台构建设置,有利于临床疗效转化成临床效果的平台实力展现,有利于临床效果转化成医疗保健措施的平台成果绽放。     

人工智能在病理学教学中的应用

病理学属于基础医学学科,它着重研究疾病的起因、形态结构改变以及由这些变化引起的机体功能改变,为临床诊断提供依据,是基础医学与临床医学之间的重要纽带和过渡,其教学质量对后续临床实践起到举足轻重的作用,病理学教学也从传统的教学模式发展出混合式教学、虚拟病理实验室、互联网+等多种教学模式。近年来随着人工智能在医疗医学行业的飞速发展,其技术已广泛应用到医疗领域的各个方面,培养适应智能化医疗时代的新型病理人才刻不容缓。文章研究从病理学科教学工作的特点和性质入手,结合我国病理学人工智能应用现状,分析了中国目前病理专业技能培养的现状,为人工智能在病理人才专业技能与素质培养的应用中提供启发。     

失衡与治理:学术期刊数字出版产业链利益分配问题研究

【目的】 探讨学术期刊数字出版产业链中的市场主体利益分配失衡问题的解决方案,以满足各方的合理利益诉求。【方法】 运用文献法、个案研究法等,对我国学术期刊数字出版产业链上、中、下游市场主体之间利益分配失衡的现状及原因进行分析。【结果】 数据库平台企业的双边市场地位与商业模式、学术期刊数字出版产品特性与收费模式、主管部门监管不到位、行政力量推动下的非完全市场化运行机制、版权维护动力不足,以及尊重知识产权意愿不强是当前学术期刊数字出版产业链利益分配失衡的主要原因。【结论】 充分发挥主管单位与行业协会监管职能、对数据库平台企业进行改革、引入区块链技术、构建基于版权保护的利益分配机制等是平衡各方利益的有效对策。     

Local vanadium release from a calcium sulfate carrier accelerates fracture healing

This study evaluated the efficacy of using calcium sulfate (CaSO₄) as a carrier for intramedullary delivery of an organic vanadium salt, vanadyl acetylacetonate (VAC) after femoral fracture. VAC can act as an insulin‐mimetic and can be used to accelerate fracture healing in rats. A heterogenous mixture of VAC and CaSO₄ was delivered to the fracture site of BB Wistar rats, and mechanical testing, histomorphometry, micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT) were performed to measure healing. At 4 weeks after fracture, maximum torque to failure, effective shear modulus, and effective shear stress were all significantly higher (p < 0.05) in rats treated with 0.25 mg/kg VAC–CaSO₄ as compared to carrier control rats. Histomorphometry found a 71% increase in percent cartilage matrix (p < 0.05) and a 64% decrease in percent mineralized tissue (p < 0.05) at 2 weeks after fracture in rats treated with 0.25 mg/kg of VAC–CaSO₄. Micro‐CT analyses at 4 weeks found a more organized callus structure and higher trending maximum connected z‐ray. fraction for VAC–CaSO₄ groups. Evaluation of radiographs and serial histological sections at 12 weeks did not show any evidence of ectopic bone formation. As compared to previous studies, CaSO₄ was an effective carrier for reducing the dose of VAC required to accelerate femoral fracture healing in rats. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:727–734, 2014.     

医院科研伦理价值观培育平台的构建

科研伦理价值观是指导科研人员科研动机和科研行为的价值意识,对科研诚信起到重要的作用。在三级医院应当根据不同的科研人员群体,搭建不同的科研伦理价值观培育平台,并最终成为一套立体的培育体系,引导科研人员树立正确的科研伦理价值观。     

卫生统计管理信息系统构建

简要阐述基于卫生综合管理信息平台的卫生统计管理系统建设目标和指导思想,具体介绍系统建设内容、原则与架构,并对卫生统计管理信息系统的使用效果进行总结。     

麻醉科围术期专科数据库的建设和应用

分析基于大数据平台的麻醉科围术期专科数据库辅助临床决策的技术方案和实践经验。阐述基于大数据平台的麻醉科围术期专科数据库的应用形式,介绍如何构建高质量、可计算的围术期大数据知识架构和实践流程,并在围术期并发症的提取场景中得以应用。大数据技术在围术期专科数据库的开发和应用,可以为手术科医师提供精准、高效、便捷的围术期并发症提取、危险因素分析和预测模型。对于提高患者围术期的安全性、改善患者的预后以及建立危险因素预测模型起着重要的作用。     

A trivalent vaccine candidate against hepatitis E virus,norovirus, and astrovirus

Hepatitis E virus (HEV), norovirus (NoV), and astrovirus (AstV) are enterically-transmitted viral pathogens causing epidemic or endemic hepatitis (HEV) and gastroenteritis (NoV and AstV) respectively in humans, leading to significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. While a recombinant subunit vaccine against HEVs is available in China, there is no commercial vaccine or antiviral against NoV or AstV. We report here our development of a trivalent vaccine against the three viral pathogens through our new polymer vaccine technology. All HEV, NoV, and AstV are non-enveloped RNA viruses covered by a protein capsid, featuring surface protruding (P) proteins that are responsible for virus–host interaction. These dimeric P proteins elicit neutralizing antibody and are good targets for subunit vaccine development. The trivalent subunit vaccine was developed by fusion of the dimeric P domains of the three viruses together that formed tetramers. This trivalent vaccine elicited significantly higher antibody responses in mice against all three P domains than those induced by a mixture of the three free P domains (mixed vaccine). Furthermore, the post-immune antisera of the trivalent vaccine showed significantly higher neutralizing titers against HEV infection in cell culture and higher blocking activity against NoV binding to HBGA ligands than those of the post-immune sera of the mixed vaccine. Thus, the trivalent vaccine is a promising vaccine candidate against HEV, NoV, and AstV.     

互联互通标准化成熟度测评对医院信息平台建设的指导和规范作用

针对目前国内医院信息平台建设的难点,探讨如何应用国家卫生标准委员会颁布的《医院信息互联互通成熟度测评方案》,指导医院信息平台建设。按照医院信息互联互通成熟度测评方案中四级甲等的标准,从数据集标准化、共享文档规范化、技术架构、互联互通服务、运行性能、基础设施6个方面,指引和规范医院信息平台建设的规划、实施和验收。