Use of a triple antibiotic solution affects the healing process of intentionally delayed replanted teeth in mice

ObjectiveA mixture of ciprofloxacin, metronidazole, and minocycline (3Mix) has been reported to be effective against oral bacteria from carious and endodontic lesions in vitro and in vivo. The objective of this study was to establish an animal model using mice for the application of 3Mix following intentionally delayed tooth replantation and to investigate the effects of 3Mix on the healing process of dental pulp and periodontal tissues.MethodsUpper first molars of ICR mice were extracted, immersed in 3Mix solution at different concentrations for 5–60 min with or without the use of a transfer solution (phosphate buffer solution (PBS)), in addition to transfer solution alone, and subsequently repositioned in the sockets. Immunohistochemistry for nestin and Ki-67, histochemistry for TRAP, and TUNEL assay were performed to assess pulpal healing during days 7–21.ResultsIncreased apoptosis was observed in the PBS group at week 1, followed by cell proliferation at week 2, and tertiary dentin and/or bone-like tissue formation at week 3. In contrast, nestin-positive, newly differentiated, odontoblast-like cells began to align along the pulp–dentin border following the appearance of Ki-67- and TUNEL-positive cells during weeks 1–2 in the 3Mix groups, suggesting that pulpal healing was accelerated. Severe root ankylosis was observed exclusively in the 3Mix groups. Rinsing with PBS before replantation partially rescued the viability of the periodontal ligament, but pulpal healing was delayed.ConclusionsThe application of 3Mix promotes pulpal regeneration of intentionally delayed replanted teeth; however, its use may induce severe damage to periodontal tissues.     

Flare of the silent pandemic in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic: Obstacles and opportunities

A noteworthy public health problem, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has been impeded in many ways by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This narrative review discusses the two-sided impact of COVID-19 on the magnitude of AMR. The pandemic has put tremendous strain on healthcare systems, diverting resources, personnel, and attention away from AMR diagnosis and management toward COVID-19 diagnosis and contact tracking and tracing. AMR research has been severely hampered, and surveillance and antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programs have been de-emphasized, delayed, or halted. Antibiotics, particularly broad-spectrum, were prescribed more frequently without diagnostic confirmation of bacterial infection than before the pandemic. Nonetheless, the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the vulnerability of healthcare systems in controlling infectious disease threats and raised awareness of the importance of infection prevention and control. Yet, the pandemic has created opportunities to capitalize on positive effects on AMR management. The review concludes that it is now more important than ever to focus on AMR and strengthen AMS programs to ensure appropriate antibiotic use and other AMR prevention measures in healthcare. We must ensure that one of the COVID-19 legacies is increased support for AMR research, diagnostic implementation, appropriate diagnostic stewardship, and the strengthening of our health systems. The COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated that prevention is better than cure. Countries will need to step up their efforts to combat AMR as a multidisciplinary community. We must prepare our public health systems to combat multiple threats at the same time.     

我院2013年抗微生物药物类基本药物应用分析

目的:为医疗卫生机构有效降低药品费用提供参考。方法:随机抽取我院2013年1-12月的部分门诊、急诊及住院原始处方,采用回顾性调查分析方法,对照《国家基本药物目录》(2012年版)、《国家基本药物重庆市补充药物目录》(2013年版),对抗微生物药物类基本药物的应用情况进行统计分析。结果:共抽取103 590份样本处方,其中使用(含)抗微生物药物处方达26 208份,所占比例为25.3%;在全部抗微生物药物处方中有18 581份处方使用了基本药物,所占比例为70.9%,处方金额为981.8万元,所占比例为42.5%;用药频度(DDDs)排序前10位抗微生物药物品种均为基本药物,其中排序前7位的均是注射用头孢菌素(限制使用级有5个);所有进入基本药物目录的0.5¹.5 g规格的注射用头孢菌素在重庆药交所的挂网价,除头孢美唑和头孢米诺较高外,其余品种均为0.581.5 g规格的注射用头孢菌素在重庆药交所的挂网价,除头孢美唑和头孢米诺较高外,其余品种均为0.58².92元/瓶。结论:政府部门应严格监管药品价格,尽量避免同类高价药品进入基本药物目录;临床使用抗微生物药物时应注意合理选用价格较低的同类基本药物,严格监督和执行抗菌药物分级管理制度,从而有效降低药品费用。     

我院2005～2007年抗菌药物使用与常见感染病原菌耐药情况分析

目的:了解我院2005～2007年抗菌药物的使用情况及病原菌的分布与耐药性。方法:根据我院2005～2007年检出细菌耐药情况与药品管理记录进行统计分析。结果:大肠埃希菌产超广谱β-内酰胺酶率呈逐年上升趋势;耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌占金黄色葡萄球菌总数的比例为79.4%、66.3%、73.9%;抗菌药物的使用频率逐年上升,使用最多的2类抗菌药物为第3代头孢菌素和氟喹诺酮类。结论:临床医师应合理选用抗菌药物,减少细菌耐药。     

住院病人抗菌药物利用情况分析

目的：对本院住院病人抗菌药物使用情况进行调查，提出存在的问题，促进抗菌药物合理使用。方法：采用WHO建议的限定日剂量（DDD）和药物使用指数（DUI）ff析10个科室住院病人抗菌药物的利用情况。结果：DDDs值排列前17位的抗菌药物中DUI≤1有10个，占58．82％，DUI〉1有7个，占41．17％；所调查病例中外科病例占60．32％，其中手术病例占42．50％，所调查科室抗菌药物使用率为82．62％。抗菌药物使用频次以头孢菌素类居首位，并以二代和三代居多。抗菌药物联合使用的以二联为多，占29．83％。结论：本院抗菌药物的使用存在一定的问题，要加强管理。     

肺炎链球菌常见血清型国内分离株的耐药克隆变迁

肺炎链球菌是儿童社区获得性感染的首位致病病原,可引起侵袭性和非侵袭性疾病。近年来由于抗菌药物的广泛使用,国内肺炎链球菌耐药克隆的替代使耐药问题日趋严重。推广疫苗及合理使用抗生素对控制肺炎链球菌耐药克隆的播散具有重要作用。     

Wild and commercial mushrooms as source of nutrients and nutraceuticals

In order to promote the use of mushrooms as source of nutrients and nutraceuticals, several experiments were performed in wild and commercial species. The analysis of nutrients included determination of proteins, fats, ash, and carbohydrates, particularly sugars by HPLC-RI. The analysis of nutraceuticals included determination of fatty acids by GC-FID, and other phytochemicals such as tocopherols, by HPLC-fluorescence, and phenolics, flavonoids, carotenoids and ascorbic acid, by spectrophotometer techniques. The antimicrobial properties of the mushrooms were also screened against fungi, Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. The wild mushroom species proved to be less energetic than the commercial sp., containing higher contents of protein and lower fat concentrations. In general, commercial species seem to have higher concentrations of sugars, while wild sp. contained lower values of MUFA but also higher contents of PUFA. alpha-Tocopherol was detected in higher amounts in the wild species, while gamma-tocopherol was not found in these species. Wild mushrooms revealed a higher content of phenols but a lower content of ascorbic acid, than commercial mushrooms. There were no differences between the antimicrobial properties of wild and commercial species. The ongoing research will lead to a new generation of foods, and will certainly promote their nutritional and medicinal use.     

我院外科手术预防使用抗菌药物情况分析

目的了解外科手术预防性应用抗菌药物现状,评估其合理性。方法随机抽取该院2010年8月-2011年1月择期手术患者病历150份,对其预防性使用抗菌药物情况进行分析。结果预防性使用抗菌药物148例占98.67%;使用的抗菌药物涉及8类、20个品种,存在无指征应用、选择药物不合理、用药时机不当、用药时间过长等现象。结论外科手术预防使用抗菌药物不合理现象普遍存在,必须引起重视。     

抗菌药物使用与常见感染病原菌耐药情况分析

目的：了解本院抗菌药物的应用及细菌耐药情况,为临床合理用药提供参考。方法：采用回顾性调查方法,对本院2010年抗菌药物的消耗量、用药频度（DDDs）及病原菌耐药情况进行统计、分析。结果：头孢菌素类、青霉素类、大环内酯类药物的DDDs排在前3位。DDDs排序列前20位的抗菌药物中,头孢菌素类占5种,头孢羟氨苄的DDDs最高,其次是头孢呋辛。本院临床分离菌以革兰阴性菌为主,占77.6%,其次是革兰阳性菌,占16.5%。最常见的菌种是肺炎克雷伯、大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌。结论：医院应加强抗菌药物管理,合理使用抗菌药物,减少细菌耐药性的发生。     

围手术期预防性使用抗菌药物现况调查分析

目的:凋查我院围手术期预防使用抗菌药物的现况并进行分析.方法:随机抽取2009年1月～2010年5月611份手术患者的病历(每月抽取36份),结合药敏实验结果以及抗菌药物使用排名和使用频度(DDDs)进行同顾性调查,根据调查数据进行统计学分析我院围手术期预防使用抗菌药物的不合理因素.结果:611份病历中,抗菌药物的使用率达99.18％,平均每位患者使用抗菌药物1.56种,合理用药仅13份,占2.13％;由于不合理使用抗菌药使患者平均每例多花费336.21元.结论:我院围手术期预防使用抗菌药物普遍存在药物选择不当、不经济;给药方法不妥;预防用药时间过长等不合理现象.