湖南侗族容貌特征增龄变化的指数分析

目的了解湖南侗族容貌特征各项指数随年龄增长的变化情况。方法计算反映容貌特征的各项指数,并对各项指数进行分型,比较各型在青年组、中年组及中年以上组的分布。结果随着年龄的增长,头部宽度增加相对大于长度和高度,长度的增加相对大于高度,从而使头部趁向于短圆;面部高度较宽度增加快;眼裂变细变窄;鼻型变阔;红唇高度由厚渐薄;耳形变窄变长。结论湖南侗族的容貌特征指数随年龄增长呈现增加的趋势。     

安徽籍正常牙合青年面部软组织侧貌美学指标

目的 研究安徽籍正常he青年面部办组织侧貌美学指标。方法 以102例安徽籍正常he大学生为对象，分为侧貌理想组50例与不理想组52例；拍摄头颅定位侧貌照片，运用IDAS软件获取各项测量指标值；选择有关指标作Fisher判别分析。结果 筛选出对侧貌美观起主要作用的7项美学指标；下唇颏突角、上唇颏突角、上唇突点-B线距、下唇突点-B线距、鼻下点-H线、下唇倾角和Z角，建立了判别函数式。结论 7项美学指标共同确定侧貌美。     

壮族青少年体型的Heath-Carter人体测量法研究

目的　探讨壮族青少年的体型特征及其变化规律 ,丰富和完善我国少数民族体质资料库。方法　用Heath -Carter人体测量法 ,对 1611(男 80 2 ,女 80 9)例 7～ 18岁的壮族青少年体型进行了研究。结果　①壮族男生内、中、外因子值分别为 2 .1～ 2 .7,3 .0～ 4.3和 2 .7～ 3 .9;女生分别为 2 .5～ 4.9、2 .3～ 3 .2和 2 .3～ 4.4。②壮族男生 8～ 11岁和 14～ 15岁各组为中胚层 -外胚层均衡体型 ,12～ 13岁组为偏中胚层的外胚层体型 ,16～ 17岁组为均衡的中胚层体型。女生 7、8岁组为偏中胚层的外胚层体型 ,9～ 11岁组为均衡的外胚层体型 ,12、13岁组为外胚层的内胚层均衡体型 ,15岁组为均衡的内胚层体型 ,16～ 18岁组为偏中胚层的内胚层体型。③男生体型 8～ 15岁组为外胚层体型比例最高 ,16～ 18岁组为中胚层体型比例最高 ;而女生 7～ 13岁组为外胚层体型比例最高 ,13～ 18岁组为内胚层体型比例最高。结论　①壮族男生体型分布呈外胚层体型向中胚层体型发展 ;女生则呈外胚层体型向内胚层体型发展。②壮族男女生体型与汉族 (内蒙 )体型最为接近。男女生体型间有明显的差别。     

Estimation of glomerular filtration rate in anorectic adolescents

Severe malnutrition has been associated with a decrease in fat and lean body mass, as well as in renal function. This study was designed to evaluate the estimation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR, ml/min per 1.73 m2) in malnourished teenagers, by using the formula GFR = kL/Pcr (where L is body height, Pcr is plasma creatinine concentration and k is a proportionality constant relating muscle mass to body size that has been found to equal 0.7 in adolescent boys and 0.55 in girls). Body composition was estimated using anthropometric measurements and urinary creatinine excretion (UcrV). Malnourished female patients showed depletion of fat and muscle, whereas males had primarily decreased muscle mass. There was a good correlation (r = 0.74) between anthropometric [arm muscle volume (AMV)] and chemical UcrV estimates of muscle mass. However, our previously validated estimate of GFR did not give reliable results in this group of malnourished teenagers, probably because their muscle mass was so greatly altered by the severity of malnutrition. Therefore, we used anthropometric measurements and Pcr, to estimate GFR by multiple linear regression. The best prediction was obtained by using AMV/Pcr and the observed/expected (for age, height and sex) weight ratio (WR): GFR (ml/min) = 0.06 AMV/Pcr + 131 WR - 79, r = 0.82, n = 13. We confirm that malnutrition in adolescents is associated with decreased GFR and conclude that the resulting variability in body composition limits the possibility of estimating GFR from Pcr and height.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Metrical variation in the thumb,index, and middle finger among four samples of both sexes

Metrical length and width parameters of the first through third ray metacarpals and phalanges are presented for four samples of adults of both sexes drawn from radiographs of the Ten State Nutrition Survey (1968–1970). Radiographic measurements were obtained with the aid of a digitizer and computer translation program. The establishment of ranges of variation among these samples allows their use in clinical diagnosis, for example of syndromes via pattern profile analysis. Proportional analyses of hand metrics can now be extended to include widths of the first three rays as well as lengths, and data for such a purpose are now available for American blacks, Mexican-Americans, and Oriental-Americans in addition to American white groups. Examples of intersample variation are given; the need to consider such variation in clinical contexts is emphasized.Based on research conducted at the University of Michigan     

中国乡村汉族男性体部指标的多元分析

目的 对中国乡村汉族男性体部指标进行多元分析,探讨不同地区汉族体部指标的差异。 方法 采用活体测量学方法,于2009～2013年在中国36个调查地区（15个北方地区,21个南方地区）测量了8174名乡村汉族男性成年人的9项体部体质指标,并对36个族群的指标均数进行了聚类分析和主成分分析（PCA）。 结果 聚类分析结果表明,北方汉族与南方汉族体部特征存在较大的差异。PCA结果发现,绝大多数北方族群的主成分（PC）Ⅰ值较大,即身高、体重、足长、坐高、臀围值较大,而多数南方族群的相应值较小。南方、北方族群的肩宽值大小彼此交错,表明肩宽值大小不是区分南方和北方族群的标志。 结论 遗传因素对体部特征的形成有重要影响,环境因素、经济发展水平对体部发育也有着重要的作用。     

Cephalometric and anthropometric data of obstructive apnea in different age groups

IntroductionPatients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome usually present with changes in upper airway morphology and/or body fat distribution, which may occur throughout life and increase the severity of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome with age.ObjectiveTo correlate cephalometric and anthropometric measures with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome severity in different age groups.MethodsA retrospective study of cephalometric and anthropometric measures of 102 patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome was analyzed. Patients were divided into three age groups (≥20 and <40 years, ≥40 and <60 years, and ≥60 years). Pearson's correlation was performed for these measures with the apnea–hypopnea index in the full sample, and subsequently by age group.ResultsThe cephalometric measures MP-H (distance between the mandibular plane and the hyoid bone) and PNS-P (distance between the posterior nasal spine and the tip of the soft palate) and the neck and waist circumferences showed a statistically significant correlation with apnea–hypopnea index in both the full sample and in the ≥40 and <60 years age group. These variables did not show any significant correlation with the other two age groups (<40 and ≥60 years).ConclusionCephalometric measurements MP-H and PNS-P and cervical and waist circumferences correlated with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome severity in patients in the ≥40 and <60 age group.     

Post-surgical effects on the maxillary segments of children with oral clefts: New three-dimensional anthropometric analysis

This study aimed to use new three-dimensional (3D) anthropometric analyses to verify the post-surgical effects on the maxillary segments of children with unilateral cleft lip and palate. The sample was composed by digitized dental models of 60 children with unilateral complete cleft lip and alveolus (UCLA) and complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). The impressions were taken before cheiloplasty (T1), after cheiloplasty (T2), and after palatoplasty (T3). The 3D anthropometric analyses of digitized dental casts were obtained through a specific software. Intragroup changes were applied paired t test and Wilcoxon test (UCLA group) and for the UCLP group, repeated-measures analyses of variance followed by the Tukey test. For intergroup analyses, an independent t test and Mann–Whitney test were used. The palatal dimensional changes of UCLA group showed that the distances IC, I?T′, and I–T significantly increased after cheiloplasty (p = 0.0002, p = 0.0007 and p < 0.0001, respectively). In the UCLP group, the IC′ distance statistically decreased in the post-surgical periods (p < 0.0001), while the I–T distance increased (p < 0.0001). The IC distance increased after cheiloplasty (p < 0.0001). The I?T′ distance increased between T2 and T3 with statistically significant differences (p = 0.0037). The intergroup analysis of palatal development (T2-T1) showed that the distances IC′ and I–T′ demonstrated a reduction of the dental arches growth of UCLP group compared with the UCLA group, with statistically significant differences. The new 3D anthropometric analysis showed that the development of the maxillary segments changed after surgical repair. The UCLP group demonstrated a reduction of the dental arches growth compared with the UCLA group.     

Determinants of plasma triglyceride levels in a multiethnic working class Caribbean population: Effect of ethnicity,diet and obesity

AimsObjective of the study is to identify the predictors of plasma triglycerides.Materials and methodsA stratified random sample of university staff categories underwent measurements of anthropometry, blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose, insulin, lipids, CRP and homocysteine. Dietary intakes were assessed using duplicate 24 h recalls. HOMA-IR was calculated. Stepwise, multivariate regression analysis was performed with TAG as the dependent variable.ResultsThe sample (n = 251) was 55% females with a mean age of 44.9 ± 9.7 years. African ancestry comprised 43%, followed South Asian 30% and mixed ethnicity 27%. Prevalence of obesity was 19.4%, insulin resistance 22.7% and metabolic syndrome 21.6%. Males had significantly higher (p < 0.01) triglycerides and VLDL and lower HDL than females. Africans had significantly lower triglycerides and cholesterol than South Asians and Mix. Triglycerides were significantly (p < 0.01) correlated with glucose, cholesterol, insulin, CRP, systolic, diastolic blood pressure, WC, BMI, age and components of MS. Glucose, cholesterol, insulin and total energy intake predicted TAG, to varying extents, in all participants (R² = 45.1%), males (R² = 40.3%), females (R² = 56.0%), Africans (R² = 35.0%), TSA (R² = 31.5%) and mix (R² = 51.0%).ConclusionsAfricans have lower triglycerides and cholesterol than South Asians and mix. Major predictors of triglycerides were fasting glucose and cholesterol independent of gender and ethnicity.     

前交通动脉动脉瘤瘤体指向与大脑前动脉A1段几何形态学的关系:回顾性病例系列研究

目的 探讨前交通动脉动脉瘤(anterior communicating artery aneurysm,ACoAA)瘤体指向与大脑前动脉A1段几何形态学的关系.方法 回顾性收集ACoAA患者的数字减影脑血管造影和临床资料.ACoAA依瘤体指向分为前下指向、前上指向、后上指向、后下指向和复杂指向型.大脑前动脉A1段根据其几何形态分为弧形(Ⅰa型:上弧形;Ⅰb型:下弧形)、“S”形(Ⅱa型:反横“S”形;Ⅱb型:横“S”形)、“近线”形(Ⅲa型:内侧半向下的“近线”形;Ⅲb型:内侧半朝上的“近线”形;Ⅲc型:基本水平状的“近线”形)及不显影.结果 共纳入200例ACoAA患者,其中前上指向型93例,前下指向型76例,后下指向型8例,后上指向型8例,复杂指向型15例.大脑前动脉A1段形态分别为:Ⅰa型113侧,Ⅰb型8侧;Ⅱa型27侧,Ⅱb型70侧;Ⅲa型21侧,Ⅲb型46侧,Ⅲc型60侧;不显影55侧.ACoAA瘤体指向与优势显影侧A1段形态之间存在显著关联性(x2=215.582,P=0.000;Pearson列联系数C为o.665,P=0.000),与非优势显影侧A1段形态之间无显著关联性(x2=5.525,P=0.478).当ACoAA瘤体指向向下时,优势显影侧A1段一般表现为Ⅰa型、Ⅱa型或Ⅲa型;当瘤体指向向上时,优势显影侧A1段一般表现为Ⅰb型、Ⅱb型或Ⅲb型;当瘤体指向为复杂指向时,优势显影侧A1段可表现为各种形态.结论 ACoAA瘤体指向与优势显影侧大脑前动脉A1段形态之间存在显著关联性.