不同浓度臭氧注入猪椎间盘后氧化效果的实验研究

目的观察低、中、高浓度臭氧注入猪正常椎间盘后不同时间段髓核组织的变化,探索既高效又安全的臭氧浓度,为临床注射臭氧治疗腰椎间盘突出症提供实验依据。方法小型猪10只,于透视下用21G Chiba针刺入猪腰椎间盘中心部,经穿刺针注入臭氧3 ml,重复3次,在椎间孔处注入5 ml于椎旁组织内。其中L5~6,L4~5,L3~4和L2~3分别注入臭氧浓度为90μg/ml,60μg/ml,30μg/ml及无菌空气,L6~S1不进行任何干预,为空白对照。分别在注射后1天、1周、1个月、2个月和3个月后处死动物各2只,在相同时间点进行CT及MR检查。处死后取出椎间盘及椎旁肌肉标本,作大体和光镜下观察,对髓核氧化及退变程度进行量化评分。结果术后3个月内髓核氧化及退变程度评分随时间推移逐渐增高,臭氧浓度越高,增高趋势越明显。术后MRI随访1个月时高浓度组髓核信号T2加权开始减低,其他组不明显。术后2个月注射组所有椎间盘信号均减低,臭氧浓度越高,信号减低越明显。光镜下1天出现髄核细胞的肿胀变性,1周髄核细胞出现与注射浓度正相关的体积缩小和基质含量减少,此后胶原纤维增生,逐渐取代髄核组织,在3个月时,高浓度组髄核干涸的程度,继发纤维化均较中、低浓度组高,并且出现相邻椎体骨性融合。中、高浓度椎旁肌肉注射1周时出现肌纤维肿胀变性及间质黏液变性。结论臭氧浓度越高,髄核的干涸效果越明显,椎间盘退行性变也越明显。高浓度臭氧盘内注射,3个月后椎间盘退变严重,不宜进行临床应用,椎旁肌肉内不宜注射中、高浓度臭氧。     

兔肝VX2肿瘤模型的建立及影像学研究现状

VX2肿瘤细胞株是一种可移植的肿瘤细胞株,可接种到兔的肝脏、肾脏等部位,建立原位肿瘤动物模型。兔VX2肝癌模型是目前较常用的实验性动物肝癌模型,本文就兔肝VX2肿瘤模型的建立和影像学表现进行综述。     

术中即时扩张皮肤面积增加与压力和时间的量效关系

目的探讨术中即时扩张皮肤面积增加与压力、时间的量效关系。方法用6头小型猪，压力参数分别为15、20、25kPa，时间参数为60、90min，配对组成6个实验组，1个对照组，36个实验部位。在每只猪背部皮下均匀埋置100ml圆形扩张器6个，术中即时扩张皮肤，观察扩张皮肤各径线移位特点，计算面积变化。结果扩张区周边皮肤向中心蠕动和扩张器表面皮肤伸展同时存在。扩张皮肤面积扩大在一定范围内与压力、时间增加成正比，20kPa、60min组合增幅最大，此后增幅明显减少，并逐渐引发皮肤病理性改变。结论皮肤可在一定范围内通过术中即时扩张获得面积有效增加。     

星蒌承气汤对脑缺血再灌注大鼠脑组织ICAM-1和NF-κB表达的影响

目的观察星蒌承气汤对脑缺血再灌注大鼠脑组织细胞间黏附分子-1（ICAM-1）和核因子-κB（NF-κB）蛋白表达影响,探讨其抗脑缺血再灌注炎性损伤的机制。方法将63只Wistar大鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组、星蒌承气汤组,各21只。模型组和星蒌承气汤组采用线栓法制备大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型。星蒌承气汤组于造模前30 min予星蒌承气汤7.01 g/（kg.d）灌胃,约2 mL,造模后每日给药3次,每次均2 mL;对照组、模型组予0.9%氯化钠注射液2 mL,每日3次灌胃。模型组和星蒌承气汤组大鼠脑缺血2 h分别再灌注244、8和72 h后断头取脑组织,采用免疫组化SABC染色法分别检测缺血半暗带ICAM-1和NF-κB蛋白表达。结果模型组ICAM-1蛋白表达阳性细胞数明显增加,与正常对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;星蒌承气汤组再灌注244、8、72 h ICAM-1蛋白表达阳性细胞数显著减少,与模型组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）。模型组NF-κB蛋白表达阳性细胞数明显增加,与正常对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;星蒌承气汤组再灌注24 h NF-κB蛋白表达阳性细胞数降低,但与模型组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;星蒌承气汤组再灌注487、2 h NF-κB蛋白表达阳性细胞数显著减少,与模型组比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）。结论星蒌承气汤能够对抗脑缺血大鼠脑组织中的ICAM-1和NF-κB蛋白表达,有效防止脑缺血再灌注炎性损伤。     

四种中药对骨愈合过程中相关基因表达的影响

目的:探索中药水蛭、海螵蛸、阿胶、骨碎补在骨折愈合过程中的干预作用,了解它们各自的调节靶点,探索建构其基因组学的途径。方法:通过在大鼠胫骨打孔的方法建立单因素干扰模型,并将300只大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组和给药组(分别用4种中药给药),每组50只,分别在实验的第4、7、14、21、28天不同时间点采用原位杂交方法对各类mRNA的变化进行动态观察,分析骨愈合过程中Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型前胶原mRNA、转化生长因子TGF-β1mRNA、骨形态发生蛋白BMP-2mRNA以及血管内皮生长因子VEGF-mRNA的表达情况。结果:不同中药对不同基因的作用不同,作用的时间点不同,作用强度也存在差异。其中海螵蛸在骨折早期对Ⅰ、Ⅲ型前胶原mRNA、VEGF-mRNA、BMP-2mRNA的表达升高,后期Ⅱ、Ⅲ型前胶原mRNA表达水平下降,VEGF-mRNA、TGF-β1mRNA表达量维持于较高水平;骨碎补组较模型组在BMP-2mRNA、TGF-β1mRNA、Ⅰ型前胶原mRNA的表达上差异有显著性统计意义;阿胶对骨愈合早、中期Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型前胶原mRNA和TGF-β1mRNA的表达与模型组比较差异存在显著性统计意义;水蛭对VEGF-mRNA的表达具有一定的促进作用。结论:海螵蛸、水蛭对血管形成有促进作用,阿胶、骨碎补和海螵蛸对骨折软骨形成早期具有促进骨诱导的作用,并对成骨细胞的增殖及合成活性有较大影响。     

Factors determining the ability of parents to effectively administer intramuscular adrenaline to food allergic children

Intramuscular adrenaline is the treatment of choice for food-related anaphylactic reactions. Although auto-injectable adrenaline devices are routinely prescribed for patients at risk of serious reactions, previous studies have shown that only one-third to one and a half of patients or their carers are able to properly use these devices. The aim of this study was to determine which factors are most strongly associated with the effective use of these devices. A 122 children with food allergies who had previously been prescribed EpiPens and were attending a single specialist pediatric allergy center in the UK. were studied prospectively. A 69% of parents were unable to use the EpiPen, did not have it available, or did not know when it should be administered. A prior practical demonstration was associated with a 4-5 fold greater chance that parents would be able to use the device (p < 0.005). Prior consultation with an allergy specialist rather than a general physician, and parents who independently sought additional information from the national self-help allergy organization were also four to six times more likely to be competent with these devices (p < 0.005). The study clearly shows that for EpiPens to be used safely and effectively it is essential to educate the carer at the time the device is prescribed.     

Prolonged exclusive breastfeeding is associated with increased atopic dermatitis: a prospective follow-up study of unselected healthy newborns from birth to age 20 years

BACKGROUND: Exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months is recommended by the World Health Organization and considered allergy preventive. However, it is not known whether prolonging exclusive breastfeeding for over 6 months provides further benefit in allergy prevention. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this prospective 20-year follow-up study was to find out whether the allergy protective effect can be enhanced by prolonging strictly exclusive breastfeeding for > or =9 months of age. A total of 200 unselected healthy newborns were enrolled in the study. Their mothers were encouraged to maintain exclusive breastfeeding for as long as possible. The number of infants on strictly exclusive breastfeeding was 167 at 2, 116 at 6, 36 at 9 and 7 at 12 months of age. Of the 200 infants, 42% had a family history of allergy. The children were re-assessed at ages 5 (n=163), 11 (n=150) and 20 years (n=164) with clinical examination, skin prick testing, and parental and personal structured interviews. RESULTS: Exclusive breastfeeding prolonged for > or =9 months was associated with atopic dermatitis (P=0.002) and symptoms of food hypersensitivity (P=0.02) at age 5 years, and with symptoms of food hypersensitivity at age 11 years (P=0.01), in children with a family history of allergy. CONCLUSION: Prolonging strictly exclusive breastfeeding for > or =9 months was not helpful in atopy prevention, instead, it was associated with increased atopic dermatitis and food hypersensitivity symptoms in childhood.     

内镜腔内手术的实验研究

目的探讨内镜腔内手术的可行性. 方法 6只家猪经皮建立胃内通道,腹腔镜引导下胃内模拟缝合止血操作实验. 结果 6只家猪均很好地耐受了手术.术后开腹检查所有胃壁缝合处无渗漏及其它脏器损伤.建立胃内通道时间、胃内缝合时间及总手术时间分别为(60.5±12.2)min、(26.5±5.78)min和(92.1±15.0)min. 结论内镜腔内手术在技术上是可行的.     

EPO预处理对培养心肌细胞缺氧/复氧损伤TNF-α表达的影响及机制

目的 观察促红细胞生成素（erythropoietin，EPO）预处理对培养心肌细胞缺氧复氧前后TNF-α表达的影响，并进一步研究其可能的NF-kB信号机制。方法采用培养乳鼠心肌细胞建立缺氧复氧损伤模型，分为对照组、EPO组[缺氧复氧前24h，培养液中加入终浓度10U/ml的重组人促红素（recombinant human erythropoietin，RHuEPO）]、EPO＋吡咯烷二硫氨基甲酸盐（PDTC）组（缺氧复氧前24h，加入终浓度10U／ml的RHuEPO和5μg/ml的PDTC）和PDTC组（缺氧复氧前24h，加入终浓度5μg/ml的PDTC）。分别于缺氧复氧损伤前后，以RT-PCR和western blot检测各组心肌细胞TNF-α基因表达变化，同时以EMSA检测各组心肌细胞NF-kB活性变化。结果缺氧复氧损伤前，各组心肌细胞TNF-α基因表达水平差异无统计学意义，均较弱。损伤后各组心肌细胞TNF-α基因表达水平较损伤前对照组显著升高（P〈0．01），而EPO组TNF-α基因表达水平低于其他各组（P〈0．01）。缺氧复氧损伤前EPO组NF-kB活性高于其他各组（P〈0．01），损伤后各组NF-kB活性显著高于损伤前对照组（P〈0．01），EPO组NF-kB活性低于其他各组（P〈0．01）。结论EPO预处理抑制缺氧复氧后心肌细胞TNF-α基因表达升高，可能与缺氧复氧后NF-kB活性升高被抑制有关。EPO预处理可能通过NF-kB活化的负反馈机制抑制缺氧复氧后心肌细胞NF-kB活性的升高。