Altered chromatin landscape in circulating T follicular helper and regulatory cells following grass pollen subcutaneous and sublingual immunotherapy

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Osteotomy around the knee: Assessment of quality,content and readability of online information

BackgroundAs knee osteotomy surgery becomes increasingly accessible, more patients may turn to the Internet for information. This study examined the source, quality, content and readability of online information regarding osteotomy around the knee.MethodsThe first 70 websites returned by the top four search engines were identified using the key words: “knee osteotomy” and “high tibial osteotomy.” The websites were categorised by type and assessed using the DISCERN score, Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark criteria and a novel Knee Osteotomy-Specific Score (KOSS). The presence of the Health On the Net (HON) code accreditation seal was noted. Readability of each website was assessed using eight readability formulae. The mean reading grade level (RGL) was compared to the 6th and 8th grade reading levels. The mean RGL of each category was also compared.ResultsOf the 45 unique websites analysed, the majority were Physician (33%) and Journal websites (31%). The mean DISCERN score was 36.7 (±8.9) which is classified as ‘poor.’ The mean JAMA benchmark criteria score was 2.04 (±1.5) and Physician websites were most likely to be scored zero. The mean KOSS was 15.4 (±5.7). The highest scoring website was a Commercial site but, overall, Journal category sites provided the best quality information. Websites that bore the HONcode seal obtained higher DISCERN, JAMA benchmark criteria and Knee Osteotomy - Specific Scores.The cumulative mean RGL was 13.2 (±2.2) which exceeded the 6th grade level by an average of 7.2 grade levels and the 8th grade level by an average of 5.2 grade levels. No website (0%) was written at or below either the 6th or the 8th grade reading levels. The mean Flesch Reading Ease Score of all websites was 41.13 (±14.7) which is classified as ‘difficult.’ Journal websites had the highest RGL.ConclusionThe information available online regarding osteotomy around the knee varies tremendously in quality and completeness. Physician sites predominate, but these were among the lowest scoring of all websites. Even where high quality information is available, it is set at too high a level to be easily understood.Level of evidenceSurvey of materials – Internet.     

闽东地区新生儿败血症54例分析

目的 为了解闽东地区新生儿败血症临床表现、主要病原菌及其药敏情况。方法 本篇回顾性分析了54例2000年2月～2003年4月闽东医院儿科住院的血培养阳性的新生儿败血症患儿的临床表现、主要病原菌、药敏实验结果。结果主要临床表现:黄疸占48.1％,少哭、少动、少吃、反应差占46.3％,外周血象WBC<10 × 109/L占37.1％。金黄色葡萄球菌败血症26例(占48.1％)和表皮葡萄球菌16例(占29.6％)为主要致病菌。几乎全部对青霉素及红霉素耐药,对菌必治与先锋V敏感率>73.1％,尚未发现耐万古霉素的菌株。结论 新生儿出现黄疸、反应差等临床表现即使血白细胞不高也需考虑败血症的可能,治疗首选抗菌素为先锋V。     

A computer program for calculating the acid-base parameters in samples of blood using a mini-computer

Summary A computer program is presented and evaluated, which calculates all acid-base parameters from data provided by either the indirect Astrup method or the direct method using empirical formulae derived from the Siggaard-Andersen curve nomogram. The program is implemented on a PDP 8 in a multi-user FOCAL environment and can be adapted to other electronic calculators.     

A bioinformatics pipeline for high-throughput microbial multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analyses

Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis for semi-routine applications is hindered by the downstream, manually intensive steps of processing the raw sequence data files. This report describes the development of an MLST pipeline that automates DNA sequence editing and analysis in order to significantly reduce the time required for processing data. Validation using a pneumococcal dataset revealed complete agreement between the results generated by manual and automated workflows. The MLST pipeline was developed for both double-strand and single-strand sequencing.     

大学生网络交往动机的差异研究

目的探讨大学生网络交往动机,为有效引导大学生认识和参与网络交往,同时为社会、学校、家长制定相应干预措施提供一定的心理依据。方法采用自编的大学生网络交往动机量表和Wrightsman编制的人性哲学量表—独立性分量表,对646名大学生的网络交往动机的差异进行研究。结果电大学生的网络交往动机更倾向于"交往/寻求帮助",而普通全日制高校学生更倾向于"消遣/娱乐";男生更倾向于"交往/寻求帮助"、"消遣/娱乐"、"好奇/追求时尚"、"网络优越感";理科学生更倾向于"交往/寻求帮助"、"网络优越感"、"消遣/娱乐"、"好奇/追求时尚";高年级大学生更倾向于"消遣/娱乐"、"好奇/追求时尚";独立性高的大学生网络交往的动机更倾向于"交往/寻求帮助"、"网络优越感"。结论大学生的网络交往动机因学校、专业、年级、性别、独立性人格特征不同而存在不同程度的差异。     

广州市越秀区儿童体格发育及健康影响因素调查分析

目的了解广州市越秀区7岁以下儿童体格发育现状及其健康影响因素,为进一步改善7岁以下儿童生长发育水平提供科学依据。方法根据中国妇幼保健中心2005年全国第四次儿童体格发育调查制定的要求,对越秀区4097名儿童进行体格发育检查及广州市制定的儿童健康影响因素流行病学问卷调查。评价儿童生长发育状况及采用非条件Logistic逐步回归分析的方法对儿童健康影响因素进行多因素分析。结果儿童低体重率、生长发育迟缓率、消瘦率、肥胖率分别为1.98%、1.03%、1.93%、3.69%;男童低体重率、消瘦率、肥胖率与女童无显著性差异（P〉0.05）;0～2岁儿童低体重率、生长发育迟缓率、消瘦率、3～6岁儿童肥胖率随年龄增加呈上升趋势（P〈0.01）;非条件Logistic回归分析发现,出生体重（P=0.001）、母亲文化（P=0.008）、辅食添加（P=0.002）、月收入（P=0.002）、追着喂食（P=0.001）、进食玩玩具（P=0.022）、经常感冒（P=0.045）等7个因素与儿童营养不良发生相关。讨论广州市越秀区儿童营养状况良好,但仍需加强对0～2岁儿童营养不良及3～6岁儿童肥胖抚养人的健康宣教和健康行为形成的早期干预。     

糖尿病患者心理健康状况的多因素Logistic回归分析

目的探讨糖尿病患者心理健康状况的影响因素。方法对山西省4个地区8个调查点的2132名城乡居民，其中包括139名糖尿病患者，进行问卷调查，了解其一般情况以及情绪状况、社会支持等社会心理因素。结果单因素分析发现，糖尿病患者的焦虑情绪高于非糖尿病者，对社会支持中的家庭资源的利用也不及非糖尿病者；多因素发现，影响糖尿病患者心理健康状况的因素有地区、性别、年龄、经济收入、焦虑以及抑郁等；结论糖尿病患者心理健康状况的影响因素既涉及地区、性别、年龄、经济收入等一般状况，也与患者的情绪障碍的社会支持有密切关系。临床应根据不同的影响因素进行有效牙心理干预。     

A组轮状病毒广州地方株VP7基因序列的比较分析

目的 了解我国轮状病毒G1型广州地方株与标准株及北京G1型地方株VP7基因序列的差异，为我国轮状病毒疫苗的研制提供资料。方法 通过逆转录—聚合酶链反应(RT—PCR)获得了轮状病毒广州地方株R97—196 VP7全基因的cDNA片段，将其克隆入T—A克隆质粒pUCm—T中，构建成重组质粒pUCmT—VP7，对克隆的VP7基因进行序列测定。结果 该地方株的基因核苷酸全长为1062nt，读码框架和以往的研究一致，和北京G1型地方株173的VP7氨基酸序列具有高度同源性(98％)，而与不同血清型标准株间则变异较大(73％—81％)，氨基酸序列中存在的一些高变区和保守功能区与已报道的研究结果一致。从进化角度分析，与轮状病毒标准株Wa株，相距较远。结论 轮状病毒广州地方株R97—196 VP7基因片段属G1型，轮状病毒VP7基因的变异与地域有一定关系。     

Analyzing Event-Related Potentials: The Utility of High and Low Pass Filtering in Improving the Relationship Between Various Amplitude Measures and Principal Components Analysis Factor Scores

The present investigation sought to determine whether the relationship between event-related potential (ERP) principal components analysis (PCA) factor scores and analogous waveform amplitude measures could be improved by high- and low-pass filtering the waveforms at a suitable cutoff value. Visual oddball ERPs were submitted to a varimax-rotated PCA performed on the variance/covariance matrix. Principal components corresponding to P300 and Slow Wave were obtained. In keeping with the fact that the variance/covariance PCA analyzes sources of variance around the grand mean waveform, the grand mean waveform was subtracted from each of the original waveforms, and baseline-referenced amplitude measurements were then made of P300 and Slow Wave. P300 was measured both as the maximum positive peak between 275 and 425 ms, and as the average amplitude during that interval. Slow Wave was measured as the average amplitude during the interval 400–700 ms. The P300 measurements were then repeated after high-pass filtering the difference waveforms at 2 Hz. Slow Wave measurements were repeated after low-pass filtering at 2 Hz. The value of 2 Hz was chosen as giving a reasonable cutoff based upon estimates of the wavelengths of the two components derived from inspection of their respective factor loading vectors. The correlation between factor scores and amplitude measurements was .94 for unfiltered Slow Wave and actually declined slightly but significantly to .91 when the waveforms were low-pass filtered. It would appear that Slow Wave factor scores emerging from a PCA can be fairly well approximated by a time-band measurement algorithm, and that this approximation is not improved by low-pass filtering. For both filtered and unfiltered measurements of P300, the amplitude/factor score correlation was significantly higher for the time-band method than for the peak method. Further, high-pass filtering at 2 Hz improved the time-band/factor score correlation significantly from .62 to .75. This improvement is probably because the unfiltered measurements were tapping sources of variance due both to the higher frequency P300 component as well as a simultaneously active, lower frequency Slow Wave component. Theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.