广州中山两地社区卫生服务人力资源配置调查分析

目的探讨广州市与中山市两地的社区卫生服务人力资源状况,为制定社区卫生服务相关政策提供科学依据。方法运用整群抽样的方法,调查广州市与中山市35家社区卫生服务机构的人力资源情况。结果被调查的社区卫生服务机构的人力资源配置基本满足居民卫生服务需求,平均每个社区卫生服务中心拥有卫生技术人员69．55人,医护比例为1：0．844;平均每个社区卫生服务站拥有卫生技术人员7．31人,医护比例为l：0．825;总体的医生护士学历、职称较低,平均每个社区卫生服务中心拥有全科医生0．55人,而平均每个社区卫生服务站拥有全科医生不足1人;广州市与中山市两地区社区卫生人力资源配置水平存在较大差异。结论加快全科医学人才培养,提高人力资源配置和利用效率,有利于本地区的社区卫生服务更快地发展。     

Is there a linkage between metabolism and personality in small mammals? The root vole (Microtus oeconomus) example

Significant inter-individual variation in the rate of animal metabolism is a widespread phenomenon that has started to accumulate general interest. Here we follow recent calls to focus on linkage between the variation in energy metabolism and animal personality. By using wild caught root voles as a study species, we examined the relationship between the behavioral patterns (assessed in open field test) and resting metabolic rate (RMR), both of which are known to show large individual differences and intra-individual consistency in voles. Our results showed only a weak relationship between personality traits and metabolism, since the most parsimonious model (according to AICc) explaining RMR included only body mass and season as factors (explaining 84.8% of variation in RMR). However, the next two alternative models (within ΔAICc = 2) also included the personality trait reflecting proactive behaviors (PC1) in addition to body mass, sex and season (85.2 and 85.8% of RMR variance explained, respectively). In all, our study does not provide compelling support for recent ideas of close linkage between behavior and metabolism. Still, our study highlights that even in the case of wild caught individuals, when behavior and metabolism often carry effects of both intrinsic and extrinsic conditions, the potential metabolic effects of varying energetically costly behaviors cannot be neglected.     

Allocation of control rights and cooperation efficiency in public-private partnerships: theory and evidence from the Chinese pharmaceutical industry

This article uses incomplete contract theory to study the allocation of control rights in public-private partnerships (PPPs) between pharmaceutical enterprises and nonprofit organizations; it also investigates how this allocation influences cooperation efficiency. We first develop a mathematic model for the allocation of control rights and its influence on cooperation efficiency, and then derive some basic hypotheses from the model. The results of an empirical test show that the allocation of control rights influences how enterprises invest in PPPs. A proper allocation provides incentives for firms to make fewer self-interested and more public-interested investments. Such an allocation also improves the cooperation efficiency of PPPs.      

上海市护理人员的配置与流动状况分析

对上海市各级医疗机构进行了随机抽样调查,分析了上海市护理人员队伍的配置与流动现状。结果显示,目前上海市护理人员队伍存在着年龄低、学历低、职称低、在编人员比例低和流动性高的“四低一高”现象。为此,建议医院管理者需关注护理人员职业心理发展、鼓励护理人员接受学历教育以及制定职业发展规划,以完善护理人员的配置。     

上海市三级综合性医院现况及区域配置研究

目的构筑满足上海市市民多层次医疗卫生需求,同时具有中国特色、时代特征、上海特点的卫生服务体系。方法现况调查、时间序列方法和专家访谈。结果与全国比较,上海市综合性医院配置高,但服务量也大。重要问题是上海市综合性医院在19个县区配置非常不合理。结论上海市综合性医院要根据政府的要求合理进行资源配置,同时合理组建医院集团。     

我国城市社区卫生人力资源管理机制和分配机制的政策分析

通过对我国的社区卫生政策进行回顾分析,总结我国城市社区卫生人力资源管理和分配机制中存在的薄弱环节,并提出以下政策建议：（1）人力资源管理机制方面：①加强培养全科医生的高等教育;②建立人员准入标准;③建立长效的人员激励约束机制。（2）分配机制方面：①提高绩效工资在收入中的比例;②明确绩效工资的内涵;③提高分配机制的内部公平性和外部公正性。     

计量经济学模型在我国卫生资源配置中的构建与应用

目的 运用经典计量经济学模型,从宏观上对我国卫生资源的人力、物力、财力三方面进行预测和分析,进一步了解我国卫生资源发展与我国人口、国内生产总值(GDP)发展的直接、间接关系,探索资源配置中的经济结构问题及解决问题的有效途径.方法 利用1987～2007年时间序列数据构建起卫生资源配置与社会经济发展的联立方程模型,进行预测和结构分析.结果 利用经典计量经济学联立方程模型进行预测,其平均相对误差分别为0.0243、0.0195、0.0175,判定系数R~2分别为0.8153、0.9937、0.9943,卫生总费用相对于GDP发展的弹性系数为1.08.结论 我国卫生资源配置的发展特征为:(1)我国卫生机构床位数、卫生技术人员数、卫生总费用与人口、GDP存在显著的正相关性;(2)我国目前卫生资源仍然处在规模递增阶段,并呈现出良性增长趋势;(3)我国卫生资源配置的稳定增长期将继续延伸,人力、物力、财力的稳步增长,将直接关系到卫生产业未来的可持续增长;(4)卫生总费用与POP、GDP的相关系数R~2最大,说明卫生经费的逐年增长是卫生资源良性发展的关键和保障.