A study of a method for distribution analysis of skin color

Background/aims: The objective and quantitative assessment of the skin is important in medical and cosmeceutical research. Assessment of color is an important element for analyzing the surface of the skin, which is usually determined subjectively by a doctor or using color analysis devices. These devices, however, cannot provide correct color information because color is construed from the mean value of the observation region, and analysis of color distribution is impossible. The purpose of this paper is to develop an objective analysis method to permit skin color measurement of each pixel unit of an image and analyze the distribution of skin surface color. Methods: The Skin Color Distribution Analyzer (SCDA) is an analysis method newly developed at the Research Institute for Skin Image at Korea University. The SCDA system presented in this paper performed a novel form of quantitative and objective analysis of skin color distribution using each pixel color model parameter found in image wavelength information. In this paper, distribution analysis was conducted on normal skin and skin lesions and skin affected by artificially induced irritant contact dermatitis and pigmented nevous. The method selected a grade using a color model parameter. Twenty healthy Korean males participated in this study. A comparative study of the eight anatomical areas was performed, including the exposure and non‐exposure parts and the medial aspect and the lateral aspect of the forearm. A reliability test for the SCDA system was also conducted with a spectrometer (SPEC) using the color analysis method. Results: Each skin lesion was precisely segmented by grade and each parameter hada different statistical significance for results of analysis of distribution in pigmented nevous and the artificially induced irritant contact dermatitis. Parameters L^*, b^*, a^*, and EI showed salient traits. Showed resemble measured result in the SCDA system and the SPEC of normal skin. The exposed site, in comparison with the non‐exposed site, showed a notable difference in the L^* parameter and a significant statistical difference in the x and z parameters, except b^*. The comparison of the medial and lateral aspects of the forearm showed a notable difference in the L^* parameter and a significant statistical difference in the parameters except y and b^*. In the reliability test result using the SCDA system and the SPEC, the SCDA system was highly reliabile in terms of the CV value in all color model parameters. Conclusions: The color distribution analysis method using the SCDA system has revealed an aspect that the existent method of medical research has not shown, and is considered to be more reliable than other methods. This method can provide better study findings because it can be applied to other fields in addition to the medical science field and the ripple effect is thought to be bigger in other science field too.     

Thylakoids suppress appetite by increasing cholecystokinin resulting in lower food intake and body weight in high‐fat fed mice

Thylakoids are membranes isolated from plant chloroplasts which have previously been shown to inhibit pancreatic lipase/colipase catalysed hydrolysis of fat in vitro and induce short‐term satiety in vivo. The purpose of the present study was to examine if dietary supplementation of thylakoids could affect food intake and body weight during long‐term feeding in mice. Female apolipoprotein E‐deficient mice were fed a high‐fat diet containing 41% of fat by energy with and without thylakoids for 100 days. Mice fed the thylakoid‐enriched diet had suppressed food intake, body weight gain and body fat compared with the high‐fat fed control mice. Reduced serum glucose, serum triglyceride and serum free fatty acid levels were found in the thylakoid‐treated animals. The satiety hormone cholecystokinin was elevated, suggesting this hormone mediates satiety. Leptin levels were reduced, reflecting a decreased fat mass. There was no sign of desensitization in the animals treated with thylakoids. The results suggest that thylakoids are useful to suppress appetite and body weight gain when supplemented to a high‐fat food during long‐term feeding. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

卡铂碳包铁纳米笼壳聚糖微球 在肝癌大鼠模型体内的分布和药动学研究

 目的 观察卡铂碳包铁纳米笼壳聚糖微球 （ carboplatin-Fe@C-loaded chitosan nanoparticles ， C - Fe@C-CN ）结合磁场在移植性肝癌大鼠模型体内的靶向分布情况和药动学过程。 方法 建立移植性肝癌大鼠模型 40 只为 A 组， 正中开腹行肝动脉插管，按卡铂 5 mg·kg^-1 体重注入 C-Fe@C-CN 的生理盐水分散液，以肿瘤组织为靶区施加 0.5 T 磁场 30 min 。分别在给药后 0.25 ， 0.5 ， 1 ， 3 ， 6 ， 12 ， 24 和 48 h 各时间点，每组取 5 只大鼠处死，采集血浆、靶区肿瘤、非靶区肝、肾、脾和肺组织标本，石墨炉原子分光光度计测定血浆和组织中卡铂浓度，药物浓度数据用 3P87 药动学程序分析处理，并组织学 观察 C-Fe@C-CN 的在各脏器分布情况。 另 40 只健康大鼠为 B 组，以左肝叶为靶区，给予相同的处理作为对照。 结果 A 组靶区肿瘤组织 <> c _max 是 65.21 μg·g^-1 ，为 B 组靶区肝组织（ 38.47 μg·g^-1 ）的 1.7 倍。 48 h 时 A 组靶区肿瘤组织药物浓度是 7.27 μg·g^-1 ，为 B 组靶区肝组织（ 3.11 μg·g^-1 ）的 2.3 倍。 A 组靶区肿瘤组织 AUC 是 906 mg·h·L^-1 ，为 B 组靶区肝组织（ 421.34 mg·h·L^-1 ）的 2.2 倍。 2 组药动学参数值相近。病理学观察 显示， C-Fe@C-CN 在磁场作用下聚集于肿瘤细胞间隙中，并可栓塞于部分细小动脉。非靶区肝组织内少见 C-Fe@C-CN 的聚集和栓塞的血管。 结论 C-Fe@C-CN 在体内具有长循环和缓释特性，在磁场的引导下对肿瘤组织具有更强的靶向性，成倍提高肿瘤组织中的药物浓度，延长维持时间。     

Correspondence analysis as a screening method for indicants for clinical diagnosis

In clinical diagnosis, a patient's symptoms are observed and the probabilities of various diseases are assessed. A widely used method of formalizing this approach is independent Bayes in which symptoms are assumed to be independent conditional on the disease category. Correspondence analysis provides a method for examining the dependence between symptoms and assists in the selection of a reduced set of symptoms for the application of the independent Bayes method. This approach is illustrated on two data sets concerned with patients attending Accident and Emergency departments with chest pain and acute abdominal pain, respectively.     

颊脂肪垫瓣在修复口腔颌面部缺损中的应用

目的探讨颊脂肪垫瓣在修复口腔颌面部缺损的应用和效果.方法将颊脂肪垫形成一蒂在后方的颊脂肪垫组织瓣转移至缺损区,在无张力下与创缘缝合,表面轻轻用碘仿纱布缝线包压法固定.用以修复口腔颌面部的良恶性肿瘤手术或损伤留下的缺损以及口腔上颌窦瘘共18例.其中修复腭部缺损2例,上颌骨切除后缺损7例,颊黏膜癌切除后缺损3例,颊部良性肿瘤切除后缺损4例,磨牙后区黏表癌切除后缺损1例,封闭拔牙后口腔上颌窦瘘1例.结果术后10 d去除碘仿纱布,见颊脂肪垫轻度水肿,2～4周后水肿明显消退,颊脂肪垫表面逐渐上皮化,6～8周内表面完全上皮化,3个月后再生黏膜与正常口腔黏膜相似.全部病例效果满意,无感染、坏死等并发症发生.结论带蒂颊脂肪垫瓣修复口腔颌面部缺损,方法简单、易行,效果满意,值得推广.     

脾虚痰湿型、气滞痰阻型肥胖女性体脂与β细胞功能变化的关系

目的 了解无糖尿病家族史、糖代谢正常的脾虚痰湿型、气滞痰阻型肥胖女性体脂改变及β细胞功能变化，分析两者之间的关系。方法 60例入选对象按体重指数（BMI）分为非肥胖者和肥胖者，肥胖者按中医辨证分为脾虚痰湿型、气滞痰阻型。采用双能X线骨密度仪(DEXA)检测体脂，通过静脉葡萄糖耐量试验（IVGTT）评估急性相胰岛素分泌（AIR）、胰岛素曲线下面积（AUCins）、胰岛素曲线下面积/血糖曲线下面积（AUCins/AUCglu）等β细胞功能指标。结果 与非肥胖者比较，脾虚痰湿型、气滞痰阻型肥胖者BMI、腰围（W）、脂肪含量增加，但两种证型肥胖者间BMI、W差异无统计学意义。与脾虚痰湿型肥胖者比较，气滞痰阻型肥胖者躯干、总体脂肪含量、躯干脂肪质量/总质量比增加，AIR、AUCins、AUCins/AUCglu亦明显增加。AIR、AUCins、AUCins/AUCglu与BMI、W、躯干和总体脂肪含量呈良好相关。多元线性回归分析显示躯干脂肪含量是影响AIR的重要因素。结论 气滞痰阻型肥胖者具有更高的体脂（尤其是躯干脂肪）含量和伴胰岛素抵抗的AIR增加，该人群是临床干预的重点对象。     

骨髓间充质干细胞在慢性马兜铃酸肾病肾组织动态分布的实验研究

目的 研究雄性大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞（MSCs）经尾静脉移植到慢性马兜铃酸肾病（CAAN）雌性大鼠后，在CAAN肾脏的分布路线和增殖规律。     

某铜矿山巷道内气溶胶浓度与粒径分布的测量和分析

目的 定性了解矿山巷道内气溶胶的浓度和粒径分布特性。方法 在巷道内的不同区间,分别用凝结核颗粒计数器和个人气溶胶测量仪巡测气溶胶的粒子数和质量浓度,并通过质量浓度的分级测量定性评价微米级气溶胶的粒径分布;在调度室内外,用金属丝网筛扩散法测量亚微米级气溶胶的粒径分布。结果 巷道内可吸入颗粒物(PM10)的平均质量浓度为0.42 mg/m³,其量值大小因工作断面而异,且受人工活动影响变化较大;巷道内粒径大于1.0 μm的颗粒物广泛存在,而粒子直径小于5 nm的气溶胶基本上未被检出。结论 矿山巷道内气溶胶特性因工作断面、人工活动和通风条件的不同而变化明显,在开展内照射剂量评价时应考虑粒径大于1.0 μm放射性气溶胶粒子的剂量贡献。     

Testing for familial aggregation of functional traits

In a genetic epidemiology study of a trait, prior to collecting genotype data the foremost task is to test for familial aggregation and examine heritability. Recently, functional traits have drawn attentions from investigators. Here, to test for familial aggregation of a functional trait in the family studies, a test constructed based on the leading functional principal component of heritability, which is a summary measure of temporal genetic variation in a functional trait, is proposed. The p‐value of the test can be approximated by a permutation procedure given the family structure. The asymptotic distribution of the test statistic is derived. Simulations are carried out to examine the size and the power of the test. The proposed methods are applied to the total cholesterol data in the Framingham Heart Study. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.