北京市通州区2010-2013年0～6岁儿童贫血状况分析

目的了解北京市通州区0~6岁儿童贫血状况及其变化趋势,探讨儿童贫血的防治办法。方法收集北京市通州区2010-2013年儿童保健年报表,对报表中贫血相关数据进行统计分析。结果通州区0~6岁儿童贫血患病率自2010年3.87%下降至2013年2.81%,呈逐年下降趋势。儿童贫血患病均以轻度为主(90%以上),0~2岁儿童患病率四年来均高于3~6岁儿童。结论 0~2岁儿童是通州区防治儿童贫血的重点人群,应采取综合措施预防儿童贫血的发生。     

Polyelectrolyte Complex Nanoparticles Based on Methoxy Poly(Ethylene Glycol)-B-Poly (ε-Caprolactone) Carboxylates and Chitosan for Delivery of Tolbutamide

Abstract

In this study, a novel chitosan (CS)-modified nanoparticles (NPs) were developed to orally deliver tolbutamide (TOL). Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)- b-poly(ε-caprolactone) carboxylates (mPEG₂₀₀₀-b-PCL₄₀₀₀) was synthesized via an esterification reaction. CS-modified mPEG₂₀₀₀-b-PCL₄₀₀₀-COOH NPs (CS@NPs) were fabricated by injecting mPEG₂₀₀₀-b-PCL₄₀₀₀-COOH NPs suspension (1.0?mg/mL) into CS solution (1.0?mg/mL, pH 5.0). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra were used to confirm the obtaining of mPEG₂₀₀₀-b-PCL₄₀₀₀-COOH. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) was carried out to observe morphology of all NPs. Nano ZS90 Malvern ParticleSizer were used to monitor the size distribution of obtained NPs. Thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) was performed to investigate the thermostability of CS@NPs. In vitro TOL release profiles were carried out in pH 1.2 and 7.4 buffers. FTIR spectra confirmed the obtaining of mPEG₂₀₀₀-b-PCL₄₀₀₀-COOH. TGA curves indicated that the protection of CS shells improved the thermostability of mPEG₂₀₀₀-b-PCL₄₀₀₀-COOH NPs. Cell tests indicated the CS@NPs had no obvious cytotoxicity, and they were easily taken up by 293T cells. In vitro release profiles showed that 91.0?±?1.9% of encapsulated TOL were released from TOL-CS@NPs in pH 7.4 buffer. Therefore, the positive potential of CS@NPs could increase their combining capacity with intestinal mucosal cells. Finally, these NPs would improve the bioavailability of hydrophobic drugs.     

Color changes of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and polyoxymethelene (POM) denture resins on single and combined staining/cleansing action by CIELab and CIEDE2000 formulas

PurposeThe purpose of study was to investigate the long-term effect of staining and/or cleansing solutions on the color stability of two non-metal removable partial denture materials.MethodsOne hundred disks (25×3 mm) of polyoxymethylene (POM) and polyetheretherketone (PEEK) were immersed in water, wine, coffee, cleanser and combo bath, simulating normal daily use. Color parameters in the CIELAB system was measured every 30 cycles up to 240 using a contact colorimeter and color differences estimated using ΔE_ab and ΔE₀₀ formulas. Two-way repeated measures ANOVAs and regression analyses were performed at α = 0.05.ResultsRegression analysis indicated a strong R² between color changes and number of cycles, for both materials. Tests of within-subjects effects for the ΔE_ab revealed significant differences among cycles and between the materials in the wine and coffee baths (p < 0.001). Significant materialXcycles interactions were also recorded with all staining baths. ΔE₀₀ values were lower than ΔE_ab up to 63.6%. Tests within and between-subjects effects for the ΔE₀₀ gave similar but not the same with ΔE_ab results.ConclusionsΔE₀₀ found to correlate well with ΔE_ab. Long term exposure of both materials showed a progressive discoloration in all except control baths. POM discolored more than PEEK in coffee, and combo baths but not in cleanser. Discoloration was smaller in combo bath (where a cleanser was also used) indicating the effectiveness of a cleanser to prevent long term discoloration of both materials.     

使用AMP2000-U对Fast-Read10三种计数方式的扫描结果比较

目的使用Fast-Read10板进行尿沉渣计数时,通过AMP 2000-U对三种不同计数方式的扫描结果进行比较,选择最佳计数方式.方法选择50份尿常规显微镜检阳性标本,分别用三种计数方式测定标本中的红细胞、白细胞数目,将同一份标本取得的三个结果进行配对t检验,并与UF-100的结果比较.结果 (1)选取每个中格内靠左下角小角进行计数的第一种方式与选取每个中格内四个不同角的小格进行计数的第二种方式的计数结果无显著差异(P＞0.05).(2)第三种方式选取每个中格中央任一小格进行计数的结果与前两种计数方式比较有差异(P＜0.01).(3)第三种计数方式的计数结果与UF-100的计数结果无显著差异(P＞0.05).结论三种计数方式计数尿沉渣的结果不一致;计数每个中格中央小格尿沉渣的计数方式与UF-100结果一致,比较可靠.     

Enlightenment about the new Architect-i2000 estradiol (Abbott Laboratories) immunoassay during in vitro fertilization

OBJECTIVE: We assessed a new estradiol (E2) immunoassay on the Architect-i2000 (Abbott Laboratories) for monitoring ovulation stimulation for IVF-ET and re-establishing clinical cut-off points. The method has been modified to improve E2 measurements especially at normal and low concentrations. DESIGN AND METHOD: E2 was determined for 552 samples, from 83 women, presenting normal follicular status and undergoing 100 cycles of IVF treatment. We assessed the value of this assay for down-regulation of E2 concentration limit using gonadoliberin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa), and monitoring of the ovarian hyperstimulation, expected range of E2 per mature follicle prior to the administration of exogenous hCG and day 3 concentration limit. We compared results with our routine method (E2-6II Advia-Centaur; Siemens-Diagnostics) for which decision-making values were known. RESULTS: Considering E2 concentrations obtained with the new Architect-i2000 assay for patients treated with GnRHa for 2 weeks, the cutoff-point for ovarian down-regulation should be set down at 110 pmol/L to maintain 100% of sensitivity. Considering day 3 concentration limit determination, results were not significantly different from those obtained with our routine method. The mean E2 values per mature follicle fell into the range generally expected. CONCLUSION: E2 determination with the new E2 Architect-i2000 assay could be used to monitor ovulation, in patients undergoing IVF-ET, in combination with transvaginal ultrasound.     

聚乙二醇对盐酸伊立替康脂质体体外释放及在不同稀释介质中稳定性的影响

目的:考察不同聚乙二醇含量对盐酸伊立替康脂质体体外释放特性及在不同稀释介质中稳定性的影响。方法:采用乙二胺四乙酸铵梯度法,以聚乙二醇2000含量分别为0、8、14、20、26 mg/ml的聚乙二醇2000-二硬脂酰磷脂酰乙醇胺(m PEG2000-DSPE)制备盐酸伊立替康脂质体,测定其包封率和粒径,评价其体外24 h内的累积释放度和在生理氯化钠溶液与5%葡萄糖注射液中的稳定性。结果:随着m PEG2000-DSPE含量的增加,盐酸伊立替康脂质体体外24 h累积释放度逐渐减小;以生理氯化钠溶液及5%葡萄糖注射液稀释后,随着m PEG2000-DSPE含量的增加,盐酸伊立替康脂质体的包封率和粒径变化均减小;当聚乙二醇2000质量浓度增加至20、26 mg/ml时,脂质体包封率和粒径基本不再变化。结论:m PEG2000-DSPE的加入可减慢盐酸伊立替康脂质体的体外释放,提高其在不同稀释介质中的稳定性。     

HPSEC法测定注射用头孢匹胺钠中聚合物的含量

目的建立HPSEC法对头孢匹胺钠中聚合物进行测定。方法采用TSKgelG2000SWXL色谱柱（7．8mmLD×30cm）;检测波长为254nm;以外标法测定聚合物的含量,并与头孢聚合物测定的文献方法进行比较。结果在该条件下头孢匹胺钠和聚合物峰分离良好;本法的定量限（S／N=9）为9ng;检测限（S／N=3）为3ng,本法测定的聚合物含量高于文献方法的结果。结论本方法简便、准确度高、灵敏度高,可有效的测定头孢匹胺钠中聚合物的含量。