Intralabyrinthine sporadic endolymphatic sac tumour

IntroductionEndolymphatic sac tumours are benign, slowly growing tumours that invade the temporal bone, and present clinically in the form of unilateral hearing loss. They can be sporadic or occur in the context of Von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL).Case summaryThe authors report a case of endolymphatic sac tumour arising in the utricle presenting histological and immunohistochemical features corresponding to endolymphatic sac tumour in a patient without VHL.DiscussionEndolymphatic sac tumours invade the posterior part of the petrous temporal bone. According to two studies concerning patients with Von Hippel-Lindau disease, endolymphatic sac tumours arise from the endolymphatic duct. This case of intralabyrinthine sporadic endolymphatic sac tumour supports this hypothesis for sporadic forms, indicating the need for labyrinthectomy associated with tumour resection to avoid recurrence.     

von Hippel-Lindau disease: Deafness due to a non-MRI-visible endolymphatic sac tumor despite targeted screening

Abstract

Objective: Endolymphatic sac tumours (ELSTs) of the inner ear occur in 16% of patients with the hereditary tumor syndrome von Hippel-Lindau disease (vHL). ELSTs of all sizes can cause irreversible hearing loss which can, however, be prevented through early diagnosis and treatment. We aim to emphasize the challenges of prophylactic ELST screening and to explore the role of audiometry in pre-symptomatic ELST screening. Design: For a period of 17 years our patient was screened for ELSTs with inner-ear MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), audiometry, and clinical interviews. Study sample: A male vHL patient who became deaf in one ear due to a radiologically undetectable ELST. Results: Despite annual MRIs, the ELST was not visible until four months after onset of deafness when it appeared as a 1.4 × 1.4 mm tumor mass. Although his hearing was objectively within normal limits for the first 14 years, a distinct pattern of low-frequency hearing loss could retrospectively be seen at all audiometries. Conclusions: Audiometry is a candidate screening tool for detection of non-symptomatic pre-MRI-visible ELSTs, and we have initiated an international collaborative study to further determine its application. At present, we suggest an ELST screening protocol of yearly audiological assessment and inner ear MRI.     

囊袋收缩综合征的手术治疗

目的探讨白内障超声乳化术后囊袋收缩综合征的手术治疗效果。方法对12例（12只眼）白内障超声乳化术后并发囊袋收缩综合征进行囊袋松解术，观察术后视力及并发症情况。结果12只眼术后视力均有提高，10只眼视力〉10．4，2只眼视力0．1～0．3，无明显并发症发生。结论囊袋松解术是治疗重度囊袋收缩综合征的有效方法。     

两种微创手术治疗小儿腹股沟斜疝的对比

目的：对采用两种微创手术治疗小儿腹股沟斜疝的临床疗效进行对比。方法回顾性分析该院于2013年1月—2014年3月收治的采用两种微创手术进行治疗的小儿腹股沟斜疝患者90例的临床资料,并随机分为两组,即下腹横纹小切口疝囊高位结扎术(开放手术组)40例,腹腔镜疝囊高位结扎术(腹腔镜组)50例,对比两组患者的手术时间、住院时间、住院费用、并发症、复发率。结果开放手术组手术时间（40.1±4.2）min,住院时间（4.2±0.7）d,住院费用（3280.64±40.21）元,无并发症,无一例复发;腹腔镜组手术时间（40.0±3.1）min,住院时间（4.1±0.2）d,住院费用（5431.25±46.58）元,无并发症,且无一例复发。开放手术组住院费用明显少于腹腔镜组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,而两组手术时间、住院时间、并发症方面差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论下腹横纹小切口疝囊高位结扎术比腹腔镜手术更值得在基层医院推荐。     

改良Lothrop术式额窦引流通道的影像学研究

目的：应用多层螺旋 CT和 Advantage Windows 4.6影像工作站对改良Lothrop术式额窦引流通道进行影像学分析研究。方法采用16层螺旋 CT 对100例成人的额窦引流通道行水平位薄层扫描后用 Advantage Windows 4.6影像工作站模拟改良Lothrop术式,进行冠状位、矢状位重建,观察和测量单侧额窦引流通道的左右径、前后径以及该术式术野能达到的引流通道的左右径及前后径。结果单侧额窦口前后径：两侧平均值（6.93±2.09）mm;两侧额窦贯通后术野前界达额鼻嵴皮下软组织,术野空间预期前后径：（10.26±2.38）mm;单侧额窦口左右径：两侧平均值（6.87±2.16）mm;两侧额窦贯通后的术野空间预期左右径：（21.6±2.55）mm。单侧额窦引流通道与改良的Lothrop术式引流通道前后径、左右径经配对t检验,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论改良Lothrop术式额窦引流通道明显拓宽了单侧额窦引流通道的术野,宽大的额窦引流通道是解决额窦炎术后复发的基本保障。     

Development and validation of a high-performance thin layer chromatography method for the determination of cholesterol concentration

An accurate, sensitive, precise, reliable, and quick method for the determination of cholesterol content by high-performance thin layer chromatography is developed. In this method, aluminum-backed precoated silica gel 60 F₂₅₄ plates were used as the stationary phase and the samples were sprayed with the help of CAMAG sample applicator Linomat 5. The chromatogram was developed with the mobile phase consisting of chloroform:methanol (9.5:0.5, v/v). The samples were detected using CAMAG Scanner 4 and evaluated using the method developed on winCATS software. Densitometric analysis of cholesterol was performed in absorbance mode at 200 nm. In this solvent system, cholesterol gave a compact spot with an R_f value of 0.63 ± 0.03. The linear regression analysis of data for the calibration curve showed good linearity over a concentration range of 2–7 μg/spot with a regression value of 0.99933 and standard deviation of 1.44%. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were found to be 100 ng/spot and 500 ng/spot, respectively. Using the developed method, the concentration of cholesterol in the saponified and unsaponified egg yolk sample was determined. This method was found to be reproducible and can even be used for samples containing complex matrices.     

Ultrasound Appearances of Pediatric Testicular Yolk Sac Tumors: Twenty‐one Cases in a Single Institution

Testicular yolk sac tumors are rare, and analyses of relevant ultrasound (US) findings are limited. We retrospectively reviewed the US features of 21 pathologically verified cases (patients aged 10–64 months). Neoplasms were unilateral and solitary, occupying part (focal) or all (diffuse) of the testis. Focal lesions (14 cases) were usually solid and ovoid, with a homogeneous echo texture or multiple random anechoic spaces, and hypervascular. Diffuse neoplasms had heterogeneous echo textures; most were hypervascular. On spectral Doppler US imaging, 11 cases had a mean peak systolic velocity of 12.9 cm/s and a mean resistive index of 0.54. Ultrasound is a useful tool for imaging pediatric testes when a yolk sac tumor is suspected.     

Absence of developmental toxicity in a canine model after infusion of a hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier: Implications for risk assessment

Bovine-derived hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) have been investigated for use in humans (HBOC-201) and approved for veterinary medicine (HBOC-301). We infused pregnant beagles with HBOC-201 to test whether HBOC-induced developmental toxicity previously observed in rats would occur in a species devoid of an inverted visceral yolk sac (invVYS). Phase 1 assessed developmental toxicity of 6 g/kg HBOC-201 on gestational day (GD) 21. Phase 2 investigated single infusions of 6 g/kg HBOC-201 on one of GDs 21, 25, 29 or 33. Phase 3 studied multiple sequential infusions on GDs 21, 23,25,27,29, 31, and 33 at 0.52 g/kg/day (3.6 g/kg total dose). Mild to moderate maternal toxicity occurred in all phases. There was an unequivocal absence of developmental toxicity in all phases. Overall, our hypothesis that HBOC, which interferes with the function of the invVYS, would not affect the offspring in dogs was supported. The implications relative to human risk are discussed.     

Multifactor study of efficacy and recurrence in laparoscopic surgery for inguinal hernia

BACKGROUNDInguinal hernia is a common clinical manifestation in children with a low self-healing rate. AIMTo determine the effect of laparoscopic surgery on indirect inguinal hernia and the risk factors for postoperative recurrence and to provide a reference for the clinical treatment and prevention of recurrence.METHODSWe selected 360 children who underwent laparoscopic high ligation in our hospital as the laparoscopic group and 120 patients treated for inguinal hernia with conventional surgery as the control group. The operation time, blood loss, incision length, hospitalization time, total hospitalization cost and surgical complications were compared between the two groups. According to telephone follow-up or return visits, the children who had recurrence within 2 years after the operation in the laparoscopic group were analyzed, and the laparoscopic high ligation hernia sac level was analyzed by the logistic multifactor method. Ligation was used to treat recurrence in children with inguinal hernia.RESULTSThe operation time, blood loss, length of incision, and length of hospital stay in the laparoscopic group were lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The total hospitalization cost in the laparoscopic group was higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The operative complication rate was 1.67% lower than that in the control group (12.50%) (P < 0.05). In 360 children with laparoscopic high ligation of the hernia sac, 14 patients had recurrence within 2 years after surgery. After analysis, 14 cases in the recurrence group did not recur. The preoperative incarceration rate, inner ring diameter, ligature use and age difference were statistically significant (P < 0.05). According to logistic regression multivariate analysis, an inner ring diameter ≥ 1.0 cm, the use of an absorbable ligature line and age > 3 years increased the risk of postoperative recurrence in children with inguinal hernia after laparoscopic high ligation of the hernia sac (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONLaparoscopic surgery for indirect inguinal hernia in children has the advantages of low trauma and a rapid postoperative recovery. An inner ring diameter ≥ 1.0 cm, the use of absorbable ligature, and age > 3 years may increase the risk of recurrence after laparoscopic high ligation of the hernia sac.