豚鼠耳蜗和内淋巴囊水通道蛋白的表达

目的 研究豚鼠耳蜗和内淋巴囊组织中水通道蛋白(aquaporin，AQP)不同亚型的定位表达及其意义。方法 用兔抗大鼠AQP1、AQP2、AQP3、AQP4的多克隆抗体，采用免疫组化SP法分别检测相应AQP蛋白亚型在豚鼠耳蜗和内淋巴囊组织中的表达模式。结果 在耳蜗组织中，AQP1、4广泛分布于耳蜗的各个区域，如血管纹、螺旋韧带、Corti器、螺旋缘、螺旋神经节等，AQP3除了在血管纹表达呈弱阳性外，其余区域的表达与AQP1和AQP4相似，AQP2则仅表达于Reissner膜。在内淋巴囊组织中，AQP1、AQP3和AQP4在内淋巴囊上皮细胞和上皮下纤维组织均呈强阳性表达，只是AQP3的表达强度稍弱于AQP1和AQP4，而AQP2在内淋巴囊上皮细胞和上皮下组织均呈阴性表达。结论 水通道蛋白1、3、4以相似的方式广泛分布于豚鼠耳蜗和内淋巴囊组织中，而AQP2则仅表达于Reissner膜，提示不同亚型的AQP可能在不同区域协同作用参与内淋巴的调节，从而保持内耳内环境的稳定。     

白内障手术前后结膜囊细菌学分析

目的：探讨白内障术前、术后结膜囊细菌学分布状态，为临床用药提供依据。方法：将无睑缘炎、结膜囊外观清洁、泪道冲洗通畅的白内障住院患者94例分别于入院未用抗生素眼液点眼前、手术消毒前及术后第1天拆开眼垫换药前进行结膜囊细菌培养。结果：未用抗生素眼液点眼前的结膜囊(正常结膜囊)细菌培养阳性率为56．4％，经0．3％氟哌酸眼液点眼后结膜囊细菌培养阳性率为0，但术后第1天拆开眼垫后结膜囊的细菌培养阳性率为5．3％。结论：正常结膜囊可以有各种致病菌或非致病菌存在，即使术前结膜囊细菌培养为无菌生长，但术后第1天仍然可能有结膜囊细菌存在，提示白内障术前及术后均应加强抗生素眼液点眼，以减少眼内炎的发生。     

泪囊黏液囊肿的鼻泪管支架植入治疗观察

目的 评价鼻湘管支架植入术在治疗泪囊黏肿中的应用价值。方法 对21例（21眼）泪囊黏滚囊肿患者行鼻泪管支架植入术，逆行扩张鼻泪道后植入特制的鼻泪管支架，术前术后行数字减影泪道造影检查，分析其疗效。结果 21眼均成功植入鼻泪管支架，手术成功率为100%，术后随访2—43个月，有效率为100%。无严重并发症的发生。结论 鼻泪管支架植入术治疗泪囊黏液囊肿操作简便，具有良好的临床效果，值得推广。     

P-gp、MRP1、LRP和GST-π在卵黄囊瘤不同组织结构中的表达及临床意义

目的　探讨四种耐药基因蛋白P gp、MRP1、LRP和GST π在卵黄囊瘤组织的表达与卵黄囊瘤临床病理学特征的关系。方法　采用免疫组化SP法检测 32例卵黄囊瘤组织不同结构的P gp、MRP1、LRP和GST π的表达情况。 结果　① 32例卵黄囊瘤均可见疏松网状结构及嗜酸性透明小体 (10 0 % ) ,S D小体 2 6例 (2 6 /32 ,81.3% ) ,腺体、腺样结构 2 2例 (6 8.8% ,2 6 /32 ) ,乳头状结构 13例 (4 0 .6 % ,13/32 ) ,富于细胞的实性结构 15例 (4 6 .9% ,15 /32 ) ;②P gp、MRP1、LRP和GST π在不同的结构中表达不同 ,差异有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　P gp、MRP1、LRP和GST π在卵黄囊瘤组织不同结构表达的差异 ,有助于临床的个体化治疗和化疗效果的预测 ,有助于临床个体化疗方案的制定和预后。     

药物流产后阴道出血时间相关因素的定量研究

目的:了解影响药物流产后阴道出血时间的相关因素及其与出血时间的定量关系。方法:采用前瞻性的研究方法,共接纳合格妇女136人,对入选对象均进行全程随访。采用Cox回归,Kaplan-Meier方法进行分析。结果:11例因阴道出血时间过长(>14天)和(或)B超提示宫腔内组织物残留(平均径线>2.0cm)而行清宫术。Cox回归分析显示孕囊平均直径(GS)、药物流产后血β-hCG浓度及测定β-hCG的时间与药物流产后阴道出血时间有关。血β-hCG每增加1IU/L,持续出血的可能性为原来的1.0002倍;GS每增加1cm,持续出血的可能性为原来的1.596倍,按GS与药物流产后血β-hCG浓度分组比较,不同组之间药物流产后阴道出血时间有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论:孕囊平均直径的大小对预测药物流产后阴道出血时间的作用较大,而药物流产后一次血β-hCG检测对预后的判断作用有限,有条件者应在流产前及流产后做血β-hCG动态测定,尤其是药物流产前血β-hCG的测定,对预测出血时间可能更有意义。停经天数不宜单独作为预测指标。     

大鼠卵黄囊的分化及其肿瘤性转化研究

目的研究12d大鼠胚胎脏层卵黄囊(VYS)向多胚层组织分化的潜能和在逆转录病毒感染下的肿瘤性转化特征。方法在不同培养条件、移植位点的条件下,观察VYS体内外分化的改变;另外利用逆转录病毒载体将荧光蛋白基因(GFP)转染12d卵黄囊细胞,对GFP标记的转化细胞进行体内外研究。结果在不同培养条件下,均对体外培养的或体内移植的大鼠卵黄囊向三个胚层分化的进程无特异的导向性。将荧光蛋白标记卵黄囊克隆细胞接种在裸鼠皮下长出了未分化的间质细胞肉瘤。结论12d大鼠胚胎脏层卵黄囊具有向三胚层分化的潜能;逆转录病毒感染导致卵黄囊间质细胞发生肿瘤性转化。     

Localisation of drug permeability along the rat small intestine, using markers of the paracellular, transcellular and some transporter routes

The small intestine is the major site of drug absorption. Some reports in the literature have evoked the concept of “absorption windows” in the small intestine: are there specific regions where drug absorption is significantly higher than others? To investigate this question, we used an everted gut sac method to study the permeability of drugs and markers every 3–4 cm down the entire small intestine in rat. These markers were chosen to be representative of the mechanisms by which drugs cross the small intestinal mucosa: paracellular and transcellular passive diffusion, via influx transporters, and a drug (digoxin) that is effluxed from cells by P-glycoprotein (P-gp). The passive diffusion and influx transporter markers gave similar profiles with a plateau of permeability along the jejunum, and with the exception of L-Dopa, lower permeability in the ileum. Digoxin showed a linear decrease in the profile from the proximal jejunum to the ileum. Permeability in the duodenum was two to three times lower than the jejunum for all compounds. There were no narrow specific regions of high permeability and so the concept of discrete “absorption windows” along the small intestine as suggested from some pharmacokinetic studies may be related to other effects such as pH and/or solubility.     

Botryomycosis: A surprising revelation in the lacrimal sac

A middle aged woman presented to us with a localised well defined swelling of 3 months duration. It was located just below the lower eyelid punctum and was constantly discharging whitish granules. We suspected it to be arising from the lacrimal apparatus and posted the patient for Dacryocystectomy. On the operating table we found a swelling in the region of the lacrimal sac which was later excised. Histopathology revealed Botryomycosis and Chronic Dacryocystitis. Botryomycosis is a rare condition and requires a high index of suspicion to diagnose it. It is confirmed by histopathology and culture. Surgical debridement is the treatment of choice in such cases with an assessment of the immune status. Long term antibiotic treatment is required in all conditions as recurrence is common.     

激光指示光引导鼻内镜下手术治疗外伤性鼻泪管阻塞伴泪囊移位

目的 观察通过激光指示光引导定位泪囊，行鼻内镜下泪囊鼻腔吻合手术治疗泪囊移位的方法。方法 对12例（12眼）经CT、MRI或泪囊造影后证实泪骨、鼻骨、或上颌骨鼻突骨折造成鼻泪管阻塞和泪囊移位，在局麻下激光指示光针于上或下泪小管进入泪囊，鼻内镜光源反复打开和关闭以观察指示光最靠近骨窗的最佳位置，切开相应鼻黏膜，做骨窗，然后顺势扩大鼻黏膜和骨窗口，准确找到泪囊后放入泪囊鼻腔引流支架。结果 12眼外伤性鼻泪管阻塞伴泪囊移位采用上述方法均顺利完成泪囊鼻腔吻合手术，术中大大减少了手术探查寻找泪囊带来的鼻黏膜和骨组织过多的损伤，术中患者痛苦少，术后恢复快，鼻腔换药次数减少。结论 激光指示光引导行鼻内镜下泪囊鼻腔吻合手术其定位准确，操作简单，组织损伤少，手术时间短。     

Venous Sac and Feeding Artery Embolization versus Feeding Artery Embolization Alone for Treating Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations: Draining Vein Size Outcomes

PurposeTo investigate and compare venous sac and feeding artery embolization (VFE) with feeding artery embolization (FAE) alone for treatment of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs), based on difference in outcomes in decrease of the size of the draining vein.Materials and MethodsTwenty-six patients (7 male and 19 female; median age [interquartile range], 58 years [46–65 years]) with 42 simple PAVMs treated with coil embolization between August 2005 and December 2018 were retrospectively evaluated. Twenty PAVMs were treated with FAE early in the study period and compared with 22 PAVMs treated with VFE later in the study period. Follow-up computed tomography images obtained 8–20 months after embolotherapy were used for outcome analysis. Data related to patient demographics; follow-up period; baseline diameters of the feeding artery, venous sac, and draining vein; draining vein diameter after treatment; and decrease in the size of the draining vein, including the number reaching a threshold of 70% decrease, were compared between the 2 groups.ResultsThe draining vein decreased in size by a median of 46.4% in the FAE group and 66.3% in the VFE group, and the difference between the 2 groups was statistically significant (P = .009). There were no significant differences in the other parameters.ConclusionsVFE leads to a greater decrease in the size of the draining vein than FAE, suggesting that VFE results in more complete occlusion than FAE for treatment of PAVMs.