内眼手术前,后结膜囊细菌学研究

目的:探索眼科内眼手术前后结膜囊细菌学变化特点及临床眼科用药效果。方法:133眼需要行内眼手术的连续病例包括白内障手术68眼、青光眼手术39眼、视网膜脱离手术20眼、玻璃体切割术6眼。用133眼内眼手术病人手术前后的结膜刮片及68眼白内障手术术毕的前房冲洗液作细菌培养,并作药敏试验。结果:133眼内眼手术患者入院时结膜刮片作细菌培养有61眼(45.85％)培养出细菌,其中金黄色葡萄球菌23眼、表皮葡萄球菌25眼、G~ 杆菌13眼;手术消毒前结膜囊刮片有8眼(6％)仍培养出细菌,其中金黄色葡萄球菌3眼,表皮葡萄球菌5眼;68眼白内障手术患者前房冲洗液中仅1眼(1.5％)培养出细菌,为表皮葡萄球菌;术毕时结膜刮片4眼(3％)培养出细菌,所培养出来的细菌均对妥布霉素、庆大霉素、先锋Ⅵ、万古霉素和利福平敏感,而对四环素、氯霉素、红霉素、氧氟沙星耐药。结论:肉眼手术前应用有效抗菌素至为重要,可预防眼内炎的发生,但不可轻视手术无菌操作。眼科学报1999;15:267-269。     

显微镜下内淋巴囊引流术治疗梅尼埃病(附12例报告)

目的 探讨内淋巴囊引流术治疗梅尼埃病的手术方法和疗效。方法 对12例梅尼埃病的病人行显微镜下内淋巴囊引流术,并进行了术后随访。结果 随访结果表明,按疗效评定标准,A级3例;B级5例;C级3例;D级1例。有效率91.67％。结论 内淋巴囊引流术是治疗梅尼埃病的有效的保留听力的手术方法,值得临床推广应用。     

Central nervous system hemangioblastomas, endolymphatic sac tumors, and von Hippel-Lindau disease

Von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL) is a hereditary cancer syndrome caused by germline mutations of the VHL tumor suppressor gene. Major progress has been made in the last decade in both clinical and fundamental aspects of VHL. The VHL gene product, pVHL, has major and multiple functions: pVHL regulates not only first angiogenesis but also extracellular matrix formation and the cell cycle. A molecular diagnosis of VHL is now available, leading to a transformation in clinical management of patients and their families. Diagnosis of VHL has to be suspected in patients with a VHL-related tumor without familial history and especially in case of hemangioblastoma or endolymphatic sac tumors. Such patients should be systematically investigated for clinical and molecular evidence of VHL disease. Treatment of symptomatic hemangioblastomas remains mainly neurosurgical, often in emergency, but stereotactic radiosurgery is emerging as an alternative therapeutic procedure. In the future, antiangiogenic drugs could represent a potential medical treatment of CNS hemangioblastomas in view of their highly vascular structure. Lastly, visceral manifestations of VHL disease are also of critical importance and require early detection for effective treatment. Received: 22 January 2000 / Accepted: 21 February 2000     

散发内淋巴囊瘤VHL基因位点微卫星标志杂合性丢失的研究

目的 探讨散发内淋巴囊瘤发病与VHL基因异常之间的关系。方法 采用组织微切割技术和多聚酶链式反应等方法对3例散发内淋巴囊瘤肿瘤细胞VHL基因位点染色体微卫星标志的杂合性丢失进行分析。结果 3例散发内淋巴囊瘤中有2例发生VHL基因位点微卫星标志的杂合性丢失,进一步的研究证实,该两例肿瘤细胞中分别存在着VHL基因第二外显子的异常。结论 VHL基因的异常导致其功能改变不但是VHL的致病原因,而且是散发性内淋巴囊瘤发病的重要的基因遗传学基础。     

Yolk sac tumor with a unique uniform hepatoid pattern histology

Abstract Background: Yolk sac tumors (YST) exhibit several different histological subtypes and the mechanisms of cellular differentiation and prognosis of each subtype remain unknown.
Results: We report two infants with sacrococcygeal YST; one represented a typical histological subtype and the other showed a hepatoid subtype with uniform histology. The isoform of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in the patient with the hepatoid pattern was examined by lectin-affinity Immunoelectrophoresis and represented as a YST. but not hepatocellular, subtype. The patient with typical YST responded well to VAB-6 combination chemotherapy. However, this regimen was only partially effective to the patient with the pure hepatoid histological subtype, and an etoposide with ifosfamide and cisplatin (VIP) regimen as a salvage chemotherapy combined with complete tumor resection was useful to achieve complete remission (CR). Both of the patients have been in CR for more than four years.     

30例儿童卵黄囊瘤临床预后因素分析

目的:对影响儿童卵黄囊瘤预后因素进行分析讨论.方法:自1989年到2002年随访30例,对年龄、性别、原发部位、Brodeur分期、血清AFP、化疗方案等进行多因素和单因素统计学分析.结果:Brodeur分期、化疗方案的选择是影响卵黄囊瘤2年无事件生存率的独立临床因素.Ⅰ到Ⅳ期的2年无事件生存率分别为76.92%、66.67%、40.00%和0:VAC及不规则化疗方案和铂类方案的2年EFS分别为18.18%和73.68%,有统计学差异.结论:儿童卵黄囊瘤的治疗为手术加辅助化疗的综合治疗,手术应以达到无肿瘤残留为目标.铂类方案的辅助化疗有助于提高疗效,但复发和转移病例的疗效仍有待提高.     

高效液相色谱法测定鸡蛋蛋黄中胆固醇含量

采用高效液相色谱法,以C18柱(3.9 mm×150 mm.5 μm)为固定相,乙腈-异丙醇(4:1,v/v)为流动相,流速1.0 ml/min;检测波长210 nm,测定鸡蛋蛋黄中胆固醇含量,结果胆固醇浓度在0.05-0.8 g/L范围内与色谱峰面积呈线性关系,相关系数r=0.999 2,高、中、低3个浓度的加样回收率为98.26%-100.2%,日内精密度(RSD)(3.8%)。4种鸡蛋蛋黄的胆固醇平均含量分别为11.61 mg/g蛋黄、10.49 mg/g蛋黄、9.82 mg/g 蛋黄和9.46 mg/g蛋黄,该方法适用于蛋黄胆固醇的快速测定.具有准确、快速、简便、重现性好等优点。     

LASIK术前用药时间与清洁结膜囊效果比较

目的观察LASIK术前用药的最低安全时间及清洁结膜囊的临床效果.方法连续的LASIK术前病例135例(270只眼),按术前用药时间分为0、1、2、3、4天组,分别于用药前、用药后及洗眼后进行结膜囊细菌培养.结果各组病例用药前结膜囊细菌培养阳性率为50.37%;用药后2天组结膜囊细菌培养阳性率为2.86%,0、1、3、4天组均为0.洗眼后各组结膜囊细菌培养阳性率均为0.结论 LASIK术前有必要局部滴用抗生素滴眼液;手术当日每小时1次,连续4次或更长时间用药可达到清洁结膜囊的目的.     

灯盏花素磷脂复合物改善大鼠小肠吸收的研究

目的研究灯盏花素磷脂复合物对灯盏花素实验性小肠吸收的改善作用。方法采用大鼠在体小肠循环法和离体外翻肠囊法研究灯盏花素普通粉剂和灯盏花素磷脂复合物的小肠吸收及肠壁通透性。结果大鼠在体小肠吸收实验中,灯盏花素磷脂复合物单位吸收量和单位吸收率分别提高7375%和4711%,肠壁通透性增加7313%;离体小肠吸收实验中,灯盏花素磷脂复合物单位吸收量和单位吸收率分别提高4121%和30%,肠壁通透性增加3935%;在0～100μg·mL^-1内,吸收符合Fick’s扩散定律,表现出一级动力学过程。结论灯盏花素磷脂复合物主要以被动扩散的方式吸收,并通过提高肠壁通透性来改善其吸收。     

天然红心蛋中类胡萝卜素提纯物对人肝癌细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

目的:探讨天然红心蛋中类胡萝卜素提纯物(carotenoidsextractsfromnaturalredyolk,CENRY)对人肝癌细胞QGY-7703细胞增殖和凋亡的影响。方法:采用体外培养,细胞增殖实验,激光扫描共聚焦显微镜(LSCM)观察细胞形态及钙离子浓度变化,采用流式细胞术检测细胞周期等。结果:CENRY1.0、0.5、0.25μmol/L三个剂量能显著抑制人肝癌QGY-7703细胞增殖,细胞凋亡指数随剂量增加及时间延长而上升;CENRY对QGY-7703细胞存在G2/M期阻滞作用;处理组细胞内Ca2+浓度极显著地升高。结论:CENRY能抑制QGY-7703增殖、诱导凋亡。