Characterization of Malignant Portal Vein Thrombosis with Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography

We prospectively evaluated the effectiveness of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) for differentiation of benign versus malignant portal vein thrombosis (PVT). We studied a total of 43 patients with chronic liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma-suggestive nodules and confirmed PVT, in whom the nature of the PVT was confirmed by follow-up imaging (US, computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging) performed up to 6 mo after CEUS. PVT was assessed by US, Doppler US and CEUS with respect to vessel wall disruption and/or invasion, color Doppler vascularization, pulsed Doppler vascularization pattern and CEUS enhancement and vascularization pattern, and thrombi were classified as benign or malignant based on these findings. Follow-up studies revealed malignant PVT in 22 of the 43 patients (51%) and benign PVT in 21 patients (49%). CEUS findings were consistent with follow-up studies in 41 of the 43 patients (95%), with κ?=?0.903 (p < 0.0001), sensitivity?=?91% and specificity?=?100%, indicating that CEUS can be confidently used to differentiate benign from malignant portal vein thrombosis in the setting of chronic liver disease.     

Factors Affecting Recurrent Deep Vein Thrombosis after Pharmacomechanical Thrombolysis and Left Iliac Vein Stent Placement in Patients with Iliac Vein Compression Syndrome

PurposeThis study evaluated the factors affecting contralateral and ipsilateral recurrent deep vein thrombosis (DVT) after iliac vein stent placement in patients with iliac vein compression syndrome (IVCS).Materials and MethodsData from 130 patients (95 female patients) who underwent catheter-directed thrombolysis and stent placement for IVCS with left lower leg thrombosis at a single institution were retrospectively analyzed. Mean patient age was 69.0 ± 14.0 years old. Median follow-up was 14 months (range, 3–164 months). Anticoagulation therapy was prescribed for 6 months, followed by lifelong antiplatelet therapy. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the factors affecting the development of contralateral and ipsilateral recurrent DVT.ResultsSeven patients (5.4%) developed contralateral DVT (median, 26 months; range, 2–61 months), and 11 patients (8.5%) developed ipsilateral DVT (median, 1 month; range, 0–53 months). Stent location (odds ratio [OR], 11.564; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.159–115.417) and in-stent thrombosis during follow-up (OR, 15.142; 95% CI, 1.406–163.119) were predictors of recurrent contralateral DVT. Thrombophilia (OR, 47.560; 95% CI, 2.369–954.711), remaining inferior vena cava filter (OR, 30.552; 95% CI, 3.495–267.122), and in-stent thrombosis during follow-up (OR, 82.057; 95% CI, 2.915–2309.848) were predictors of ipsilateral DVT.ConclusionsContralateral DVT occurs late and is associated with extension of the iliac vein stent to the inferior vena cava and in-stent thrombosis. Ipsilateral DVT occurs relatively early and is associated with thrombophilia, remaining inferior vena cava filter, and in-stent thrombosis.     

Confirmation of Age-dependence in the Leakage of Contrast Medium around the Cortical Veins into Cerebrospinal Fluid after Intravenous Administration of Gadolinium-based Contrast Agent

Purpose:It has been reported previously that intravenously administered gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) leaks into the subarachnoid space around the cortical veins at 4 h after injection in all old people over 37 years, but not in younger people up to 37 years of age in 3D-real IR images. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there was a strict threshold of 37 years of age for the leakage of the GBCA into the subarachnoid space.Methods:The subjects included 190 patients, that were scanned for 3D-real IR images at 4 hours after intravenous injection of GBCA as a diagnostic test for endolymphatic hydrops. The patient’s age ranged from 14 to 81 years. Two experienced neuroradiologists evaluated the images to determine whether the GBCA leakage around the cortical veins was positive or negative. Any discrepancies between the two observers were discussed and a consensus was obtained.A Mann–Whitney U test and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were used to compare the positive and the negative group and to set the age cut-off value for the prediction of GBCA leakage.Results:The GBCA leakage around the cortical veins was negative in 35 patients and positive in 155 patients. The average age was 33 ± 11 years in the negative group, and 55 ± 12 years in the positive group (P < 0.01). In the ROC analysis for the age and leakage of the GBCA, an area under the curve was 0.905 and the cut-off age was 37.317 years (sensitivity of 0.942 and specificity of 0.771).Conclusion:Intravenously administered GBCA leaks into the subarachnoid space around the cortical veins in most patients over 37 years of age. However, it should be noted that it can be found occasionally in patients under 37 years of age.     

重症心源性肺水肿伴休克患者的机械通气治疗

目的研究重症心源性肺水肿伴休克患者机械通气(MV)治疗时通气压力的选择对预后的影响。方法将符合标准的22例患者分为两组对照组9例,常规给予较低通气压力和加强药物治疗;治疗组13例,适当增加通气压力。观察血压、临床症状和动脉血气的变化。结果调整MV后30分钟时,治疗组收缩压迅速由(95±12)mmHg升至(130±15)mmHg(P<0.001),呼吸频率(RR)由(38±11)次/min降至(27±6)次/min(P<0.005),心率(HR)由(126±15)次/min降至(105±12)次/min(P<0.001);对照组上述指标变化不明显。2小时后治疗组的升压药用量减少(70±15)%,对照组则增加(20±5)%;同时在吸氧浓度不变的情况下,治疗组的PaO2由(81±12)mmHg升至(140±15)mmHg(P<0.001),明显高于对照组PaO2的改善。24~48小时内治疗组11例患者(85%)停用升压药,对照组2例(22%)停用。最终治疗组100%的患者好转出院,对照组为45%(P<0.05)。结论与低压力通气相比,适当增加MV通气压力不仅可迅速改善重症心源性水肺肿伴休克患者的低氧血症,也可迅速升高血压,改善心功能,降低病死率。     

超顺磁性氧化铁标记大鼠骨髓基质细胞经门静脉移植MRI活体示踪的研究

目的观察1．5T场强MRI联合动物专用线圈是否可以活体示踪经门静脉移植的纳米级超顺磁性氧化铁颗粒标记的骨髓基质细胞（bone marrow stromal cells BMSCs），为介人性门静脉骨髓基质细胞移植治疗终末期肝脏疾病的研究提供进一步的依据。方法供体大鼠5只，梯度密度离心分离BMSCs，纳米级超顺磁性氧化铁颗粒和脂质体转染BMSCs，体外经普鲁士蓝染色和HE染色确定细胞标记率。受体大鼠15只，分为5组，分别为对照组和纳米级超顺磁性氧化铁颗粒标记的骨髓基质细胞经门静脉移植人正常大鼠肝脏后2h、3d、7d及2周组。1．5T场强MRI联合动物专用线圈行T1W、T2W和T2＊序列扫描，观察肝脏信号改变情况，与对照组比较，并且与组织切片对照。结果纳米级超顺磁性氧化铁颗粒和脂质体转染BMSCs，细胞标记率〉95％。经门静脉移植人正常大鼠肝脏后，T2＊序列扫描显示经标记的BMSCs在肝内显示弥漫性的结节性低信号影，移植后2h到2周均可见到细胞在受体肝脏内存在，组织学切片显示信号缺失部位与铁颗粒标记细胞相一致。结论纳米级超顺磁性铁氧体颗粒标记的大鼠BMSCs经门静脉移植后可以通过1、5T场强行MRI活体示踪，为临床干细胞移植的应用提供可行的示踪方法。     

改良切开引流术治疗直肠壁内脓肿

目的:探讨改良切开引流术治疗直肠壁内脓肿的临床效果。方法:将32例直肠壁内脓肿患者随机分为改良切开引流术(治疗组)和传统切开引流术(对照组)治疗,每组16例,对比观察两组治愈率、创面愈合时间、肛门功能状况、术后复发以及术后并发症情况。结果:治疗组与对照组比较,治疗组治愈率高100%,(P<0·05);创面愈合时间短(17·3±2·5)d,P<0·01;但肛门功能、术后复发及术后并发症两组差异无统计学意义(P>0·05)。结论:改良切开引流术在治疗直肠壁内脓肿方面明显优于传统手术。     

肛直肠抑制反射时门静脉血中P物质变化

目的探讨肛直肠抑制反射（RAIR）时门静脉血中P物质（SP）的变化规律及外源性内脏神经对其变化的影响。方法将实验大白鼠分为7组，其中6组先按去与不去直肠肛管外源性内脏神经支配而分为不去神经和去神经两大组，每组中又按Foley导管上气囊置入直肠腔中的位置分为2、4、6cm组；同时再设1个对照组，将Foley导管置入直肠腔中，但不注水扩张球囊。检测并比较在直肠腔内刺激后，各组门静脉血中的SP值及变化情况。结果去神经组中2、4cm组与不去神经组之间及对照组之间，门静脉血中SP值变化比较，P〉0．05，差异无统计学意义。不去神经组中的6cm组与对照组及去神经组中2cm和4cm组之间SP值比较，P〈0．01，差异有统计学意义；去神经组和不去神经组中的6cm组之间SP值比较，P〈0．01，差异有统计学意义。结论直肠腔内上部的刺激不引出RAIR可能与该部位的刺激使内括约肌兴奋性递质（SP）的释放有关；外源性内脏神经对RAIR中门静脉血的SP变化有调控作用。     

前循环缺血性卒中老年患者颈动脉斑块及其稳定性与血流壁切应力的关系

目的通过探讨前循环缺血性卒中老年患者颈总动脉分叉处血流壁切应力的水平分析其在颈动脉斑块形成过程中的影响。方法本研究选择前循环缺血性卒中老年患者,应用经皮血管彩超测量颈动脉斑块及其稳定性以及对研究对象测量患侧颈动脉血流速度、血管内径和血液粘滞度,通过公式计算血流壁切应力。结果无斑块组和有斑块组之间、高回声和低回声斑块组之间血流壁切应力均有显著性差异(P<0．01)。结论血流壁低切应力促进颈动脉斑块、尤其是不稳定斑块的形成。