激素性股骨头缺血坏死MRI诊断的实验研究

目的：建立股骨头缺血坏死(ANFH)动物模型，将磁共振成像(MRI)表现与组织病理学结果对照，探讨早期ANFH的病理变化和删表现的病理学基础。方法：成年新西兰兔36只，随机均分成三组。A组：为正常对照组，静脉注射生理盐水。B、C组为实验组，B组：单纯静脉注射地塞米松10mg／kg／d连续7天，间隔两周再重复一次。C组；马血清与激素共用，先静脉注射马血清10g／kg，间隔2周再重复一次；继之重复B组给药。之后4、8、16、26周后分别从3组随机各取3只，先拍X线平片再进行删，然后取双侧股骨头做组织病理检查。结果：实验组兔股骨头第8周T1WI信号强度明显降低，T2WI呈不均匀高信号，对应病理改变为骨髓水肿，骨髓腔内少量出血和少量骨细胞坏死。16、26周T1WI信号强度增高，病理显示骨髓脂肪细胞肥大并融合成大泡状，大量骨细胞坏死，骨小梁变细、中断。16、26周兔股骨头X线平片示骨质稀疏，骨小梁模糊。C组上述变化较B组显著。结论：1．采用马血清和肾上腺皮质激素共用，比单纯用肾上腺皮质激素更易诱导出较典型的ANFH动物模型。2．删能够较全面反映早期激素性ANFH的病理变化。     

Retrospective study on stage B prostate cancer in the Hokuriku District, Japan

BACKGROUND: The present study was conducted to investigate how patients with clinically localized prostate cancer were treated in the Hokuriku District, Japan. METHODS: Medical records of 536 patients with stage B prostate cancer were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were diagnosed and treated at four university hospitals and 32 collaborating hospitals in the Hokuriku District. RESULTS: Because their medical records were incomplete and/or they not available for follow up, 79 cases were excluded from this study. Conservative treatment with hormone therapy was used for 248 cases. Radical prostatectomy was performed in 199 cases, only 27 of whom underwent surgical monotherapy. There was no significant difference in disease-specific survival rates between the hormone (69.0%) and surgery group (83.2%) after 110 months. Results of the analysis of disease-specific survival rates according to histologic grade showed that patients with poorly differentiated cancers treated with hormone therapy were the only subset with significant differences when compared against the other patients. CONCLUSION: The value of prostatectomy alone or added was marginal in terms of survival. Only patients with poorly differentiated cancer might benefit from prostatectomy.     

精神分裂症患者心理防御机制与人格特征的相关性分析

目的　探讨精神分裂症患者心理防御方式和人格特片的特点及二者的相关性。方法　分别运用防御方式问卷 (DSQ)和艾森克个性问卷 (EPQ)对 10 1名精神分裂症患者和 30例正常人群进行防御方式评定和人格测定。结果　与正常对照组相比 ,精神分裂症患者更多采用不成熟和中间型防御方式 (P <0 0 5 )。防御方式与人格特征存在着一定的关联性 (P <0 0 5 )。不成熟型防御方式和中间型防御机制与EPQ的精神质 (P)得分和神经质 (N)得分呈显著正相关 (P <0 0 1) ,成熟防御机制与内外向(E)得分呈显著正相关 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　精神分裂症患者更多地使用不成熟防御机制 ,存在病态人格 ,且者之间存在明显相关性 ,有关结果 ,对于探讨精神分裂症患者的病理心理机制和开展心理治疗有指导意义。     

人正、反义转化生长因子beta1基因真核表达载体的构建

目的 :构建人转化生长因子beta 1(TGFβ1)正、反义基因真核表达载体。方法 :从人胎脑的cDNA文库中扩增出TGFβ1共 12 84bp长的DNA片段后 ,与T载体直接进行高效连接 ,并测序证实无突变。接着利用TGFβ1引物两端所设计的酶切位点将目的片段定向亚克隆到真核表达载体pcDNA3.1( )。构建的正反义表达重组体 (pcDNA3.1 TGFβ1和pcDNA3.1 antiTGFβ1)经限制性内切酶消化证实其中有目的片段完整插入。结果 :本实验成功构建了人正、反义TGFβ1基因真核表达载体。结论 :人正、反义TGFβ1基因真核表达载体的构建 ,为今后研究腹膜纤维化的防治奠定了实验基础。     

慢性肝病、原发性肝癌病人血清、肝组织纳米细菌的检测

目的 研究慢性肝病和原发性肝癌病人血清、组织中纳米细菌（NB）感染，为其发生机制提供新的认识。方法 55例慢性肝病（25例慢性乙肝和30例肝炎后肝硬化）、43例肝癌病人和336例健康人血清采用ELISA、免疫组化和钙染色；53例慢性肝病（28例慢性乙肝和25例肝硬化）、43例肝癌和15例对照肝组织行免疫组化染色，部分阳性组织透射电镜观察。结果 （1）慢性肝病、肝癌病人和健康人血清ELISA检测阳性率分别为20．0％、9．3％和8．0％，慢性肝病NB感染率高于健康人（P〈0．05）。免疫组化染色感染率分别为14．5％、4．7％和5．7％（P〈0．05）。钙染色分别为7．3％、4．7％和6．5％（P〉0．05）。（2）慢性肝病、癌及癌旁、对照组免疫组化阳性率分别为：20．8％、16．3％、14．0％和0％（P〉0．05）。部分肝癌和癌旁组织透射电镜观察发现纳米细菌样微生物结构（3／5）。结论 部分慢性肝病、肝癌病人血清、组织中存在纳米细菌感染，慢性肝病血清中纳米细菌感染率高于健康人。     

结肠回肠反流与回肠黏膜结肠化相关性的实验研究

目的探讨结肠回肠反流后回肠末端黏膜结肠化的机制.方法取SD大鼠60只,均为雄性,体重25¨3∞g,随机分为实验组和对照组,分别进行末端回肠-盲肠侧侧吻合术或回肠末端手术缝线,2个月后处死动物并取组织进行观察.结果实验组术后一般状况良好.大体形态学观察:实验组回肠末端黏膜表现为绒毛萎缩、间距增宽、沟变浅、光滑性增强.病理组织学:实验组表现为黏膜绒毛萎缩、间距增宽、沟变浅、上皮细胞变短、杯状细胞增多.电镜观察:实验组可见绒毛变小、变短或脱落;微绒毛变短、分布不均匀;杯状细胞数目在非坏死区增多.结论结肠-回肠反流后可导致回肠末端黏膜结肠化的变化,它可能是慢性末端回肠炎的发病基础或前期表现.     

Huntington’s Disease Genetics

Summary:Huntington’s disease (HD) is a dominantly transmitted neurodegenerative disorder with wide variation in onset age but with an average age at onset of 40 years. Children of HD gene carriers have a 50% chance of inheriting the disease. The characteristic symptoms of HD are involuntary choreiform movements, cognitive impairment, mood disorders, and behavioral changes which are chronic and progressive over the course of the illness. HD is a “trinucleotide repeat” disorder, which is caused by an increase in the number of CAG repeats in the HD gene. Repeats of 40 or larger are associated with disease expression, whereas repeats of 26 and smaller are normal. Intermediate numbers of repeats, between 27 and 35, are not associated with disease expression but may expand in paternal transmission, resulting in the disease in descendents. Repeats of 36–39 are associated with reduced penetrance whereby some develop HD and others do not. The identification of the genetic defect in HD permits direct genetic testing for the presence of the gene alteration responsible for the disease. Tests may be performed in three circumstances: (1) confirmation of diagnosis, (2) predictive testing of persons at genetic risk for inheriting HD, and (3) prenatal testing. Testing is widely available and much experience has been gained with protocols that assist the individual in making an informed choice about test options, and minimize the occurrence of adverse emotional outcomes.     

间接复位与微创钢板内固定术

应用内固定治疗骨折和保护骨的血供一直是一对矛盾，近年AO针对自身治疗原则中的某些不足，提出生物学固定(biological osteosynthesis，BO)，其核心目的就是保护骨折局部血运。间接复位(indirect reduction)和微创钢板内固定术(minimally invasive plateoste osynthesis，MIPD)是BO原则中的两个主要技术，其发展备受关注，本文就两门技术的原理、操作要点、应用前景做一介绍。     

妊娠黄体瘤1例报告并文献复习

目的：探讨妊娠黄体瘤（LP）的误诊原因。方法：对1例典型LP病例进行全面病理学检查和组化及免疫组化染色，与正常卵巢黄体进行对比分析，并复习文献。结果：LP均发生于妊娠后期，临床无明显自觉症状，其病理形态学、组织学、免疫组化反应与正常卵巢黄体相似。多在剖腹产时偶然发现而误为卵巢肿瘤。结论；LP为妊娠后期卵巢黄素化细胞的结节状增生，并非真性肿瘤。妊娠期出现卵巢明显增大，应首先考虑到本病的可能性。必要时术中可作活检，以避免误切卵巢。     

病理性近视眼的研究进展

通过复习近年来相关文献,对近视眼发生发展机制与形觉剥夺之间的关系进行综合评述。认为近视眼的发生及眼轴延长与形觉剥夺有一定关系,深入研究其相关机制,对近视眼的早期防治具有重要意义。