脑脊液冲洗置换注药联合治疗结核性脑膜炎82例临床研究

目的探讨脑脊液冲洗置换注药联合治疗结核性脑膜炎的临床价值。方法82例结核性脑膜炎患者随机分组后，将脑脊液冲洗置换注药联合治疗组与非联合治疗组临床疗效比较。结果脑脊液冲洗置换注药联合治疗组疗效和预后明显优于非联合治疗组，住院时间明显短于非联合治疗组。结论在全身系统化疗基础上行脑脊液冲洗置换注药联合治疗可明显提高结核性脑膜炎疗效、改善其预后、缩短住院时间、节省住院治疗费用，具有明显的社会效益，值得临床推广。     

Expansile pneumonia in children caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis: clinical, radiological, and bronchoscopic appearances

A cohort of 24 children with expansile pneumonia caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis is described in mostly HIV-noninfected children (n = 22). The children presented with nonresolving pneumonia and a swinging fever (83%). On chest radiography, they had dense opacification with bulging fissures mainly in the upper lobes (75%). On computed tomography, the lobes are consolidated, with areas of liquefacation. Other features visible are enlarged mediastinal lymph adenopathy with ring enhancement (100%), cavities (63%), and tracheal compression (71%). On bronchoscopy, bronchi were obstructed by more than 75% in 20 (83%) of cases. Lymph gland enucleation was required in 42% of cases. Phrenic nerve palsy was present in 3 children, of whom 2 underwent diaphragmatic plication. The children received standard antituberculous therapy, to which prednisone (2 mg/kg/day) was added for 1 month. The mortality was 4% after 6 months of therapy.     

GC‐MS metabolomics identifies novel biomarkers to distinguish tuberculosis pleural effusion from malignant pleural effusion

BackgroundTuberculous pleural effusions (TBPEs) and malignant pleural effusions (MPEs) are two of the most common and severe forms of exudative effusions. Clinical differentiation is challenging; however, metabolomics is a collection of powerful tools currently being used to screen for disease‐specific biomarkers.Methods17 TBPE and 17 MPE patients were enrolled according to the inclusion criteria. The normalization gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) data were imported into the SIMCA‐P + 14.1 software for multivariate analysis. The principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least‐squares discriminant analysis (OPLS‐DA) were used to analyze the data, and the top 50 metabolites of variable importance projection (VIP) were obtained. Metabolites were qualitatively analyzed using the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) databases. Pathway analysis was performed by MetaboAnalyst 4.0. The detection of biochemical indexes such as urea and free fatty acids in these pleural effusions was also verified, and significant differences were found between these two groups.Results1319 metabolites were screened by non‐targeted metabonomics of GC‐MS. 9 small molecules (urea, L‐5‐oxoproline, L‐valine, DL‐ornithine, glycine, L‐cystine, citric acid, stearic acid, and oleamide) were found to be significantly different (p < 0.05 for all). In OPLS‐DA, 9 variables were considered significant for biological interpretation (VIP≥1). However, after the ROC curve was performed, it was found that the metabolites with better diagnostic value were stearic acid, L‐cystine, citric acid, free fatty acid, and creatinine (AUC > 0.8), with good sensitivity and specificity.ConclusionStearic acid, L‐cystine, and citric acid may be potential biomarkers, which can be used to distinguish between the TBPE and the MPE.     

Clinical Significance of Serum CA-125 in Korean Females with Ascites

Purpose

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is endemic in Korea. Because tuberculous peritonitis is characterized by ascites, abdominal pain, abdominal mass and elevation of serum CA-125, it can be confused with ovarian malignancies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the significance of serum CA-125 level in the differential diagnosis of tuberculous peritonitis and ovarian malignancy in a Mycobacterium tuberculosis-endemic area.

Materials and Methods

The medical records of patients diagnosed with tuberculous peritonitis (n=48) or epithelial ovarian malignancy (n=370) at Samsung Medical Center from January 2000 to October 2009 were retrospectively reviewed.

Results

Median serum CA-125 level in the epithelial ovarian cancer group was significantly higher than that in the tuberculous peritonitis group (p≤0.01). Only one patient (2.1%) in the tuberculous peritonitis group had a serum CA-125 level over 2000 U/mL. However, 109 patients (29.5%) in the epithelial ovarian cancer group had a serum CA-125 level over 2000 U/mL. At the CA-125 ranges of 400 to 599 and 600 to 799, the proportions of those with tuberculous peritonitis were 24% and 21.9%, respectively. At a serum CA-125 level over 1000 U/mL, however, the proportion of tuberculous peritonitis was much lower (2.1%).

Conclusion

Tuberculous peritonitis should be considered in the evaluation of female patients with ascites and high serum CA-125.     

利奈唑胺片治疗结核性脑膜炎的临床研究

目的观察利奈唑胺片联合常规抗结核治疗方案治疗结核性脑膜炎(TBM)的临床疗效及安全性。方法将65例初治TBM患者随机分为对照组35例和试验组30例。对照组予以异烟肼片每次0.4~0.6 g,qd,口服+吡嗪酰胺片每次0.5 g,tid,口服+乙胺丁醇片每次0.75 g,qd,口服+利福平胶囊Ⅱ每次0.45~0.60 g,qd,口服,总抗结核治疗疗程为12~18个月;试验组在对照组治疗的基础上,予以利奈唑胺片每次600 mg,qd,口服(重度昏迷患者予以鼻饲给药),疗程6个月。比较2组患者的临床疗效和药物不良反应发生情况,并分析利奈唑胺药物谷浓度的变化情况。结果治疗后,试验组和对照组的总有效率分别为90.00%(27例/30例)和65.71%(23例/35例),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组患者在周围神经炎、肝功能损害、视神经炎、胃肠道不适、骨髓抑制等方面的药物不良反应发生率相似。利奈唑胺在通过血脑屏障到达脑脊液谷浓度值与血浆中谷浓度值之比方面,在TBM治疗前12周明显高于后期,此比值与脑脊液各项生化指标无明显相关性。结论利奈唑胺片联合常规抗结核治疗方案能显著改善初治TBM患者的临床症状,提高临床疗效,缩短治疗疗程,且安全性较高;利奈唑胺的应用疗程以12周为宜。     

结核性脑膜炎与新型隐球菌性脑膜炎的MRI征象鉴别

目的 分析新型隐球菌性脑膜炎(CNM)与结核性脑膜炎(TBM)的颅脑MRI影像特征,以探讨对于这两种疾病鉴别诊断的意义.方法 回顾性分析对比CNM患者15例与TBM患者93例的颅脑MRI影像资料,比较病变部位在颅底部、V-R间隙增宽、病灶环形强化、病灶周围水肿ETRⅡ级以上、重度脑积水及腔隙灶等方面的差异,并进行统计学检验.结果 两组患者MRI征象在病变部位在颅底部、V-R间隙增宽、病灶环形强化、病灶周围水肿ETRⅡ级以上方面差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 CNM与TBM的颅脑MRI表现各有特征,可作为两者鉴别诊断的重要依据.     

Potential cross‐reactivity of monoclonal antibodies against clinically relevant mycobacteria

Tuberculosis is a disease caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTb). In 2011, global mortality due to tuberculosis was 1·4 million individuals. The only available vaccine is the attenuated M. bovis [bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG)] strain, which confers variable protection against pulmonary tuberculosis. Some widely distributed non‐tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), such as M. avium and M. arupense, are also potential pathogens for humans. This work aimed to produce and characterize monoclonal antibodies against the M. bovis BCG Mexico strain of the MTb, M. avium subs. hominissuis and the M. arupense strain from NTM. Hybridomas were produced from splenocytes of BALB/c female mice immunized with radiation‐inactivated mycobacteria, and the immunoglobulin (Ig)G2a antibody‐producing clones with the highest antigenic recognition were selected. The selected clones, Mbv 2A10 for M. bovis BCG Mexico, Mav 3H1 for M. avium and Mar 2D10 for M. arupense, were used in further studies. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immune proteomics analyses characterized the clones as having the highest cross‐reactivity with mycobacteria. Using mass spectrometry, a number of proteins recognized by the monoclonal antibody (mAb) clones were identified. These proteins had roles in metabolic processes, hypoxia, cell cycle and dormancy. In addition, a Clustal W and Immune Epitope Database (IEDB) in‐silico analysis was performed in protein sequences that result in the conserved regions within probability epitopes that could be recognized for Mbv2A10 and Mav3H1 clones.