正确饮水与安全用药

目的：探讨服药时饮水量及水的成分对所服药物的影响。方法：通过文献查阅和总结．对服药时需多饮水的药物、服药时需少饮水及不需饮水的药物、服药时对水的成分要求分别进行阐述。结果：服药时正确饮水，才能发挥最大治疗作用。结论：药师和医生应重视服药时饮水对疾病治疗的影响，给予患者正确的指导，保证患者用药安全、有效达到预期的治疗目的。     

Heat and moisture exchangers as a treatment option in the post-operative rehabilitation of laryngectomized patients

A multi-institutional, prospective clinical study was undertaken to investigate whether the use of a heat and moisture exchanger (HME) in the period following total laryngectomy could prevent the development or reduce the severity of respiratory symptoms. Fifty-nine patients from three hospitals were provided with HMEs, either immediately post-surgery or, in the case of post-surgical radiotherapy, upon completion of the radiotherapy. For the total sample (n= 59) statistically significant improvements over time (between 3 and 6 months) could be found in forced expectoration (P < 0.05), in the perceived voice quality (P < 0.001), social anxiety (P < 0.001), social interactions (P < 0.001) and in feelings of anxiety and depression (P < 0.05). Repeated measures analysis of variance indicated statistically significant group differences over time in forced expectoration and stoma cleaning (P < 0.05). No statistically significant differences over time were noted between the regular and non(regular) HME user groups in voice quality or in various aspects of daily living.     

白芍总甙促干扰素诱生及抗病毒作用的研究

研究白芍总甙的促干扰素诱生及抗病毒作用,结果表明;白芍总甙10 mg·L~(-1)在试管内无直接诱生干扰素(JFN)作用.可促进鸡新城疫互I系弱毒冻干疫苗诱生αIFN,其最适浓度为10 mg·L~(-1)可促进ConA诱生γIFN.当ConA为亚适剂量时,最适浓度为l～10 mg·L~(-1)当ConA为最适剂量时,其最适浓度为0.1 ～1mg·L~(-1),皆可提高IFN效价l～2倍。具有直接抗病毒作用,白芍总甙250 mg·L~(-1)能使水泡性口炎病毒效价下降2.22个对数值。     

Hypersexual Desire in Males: An Operational Definition and Clinical Implications for Males with Paraphilias and Paraphilia-Related Disorders

The longitudinal history and temporal stability of total sexual outlet (TSO) in a group of outpatient males with paraphilias (PA) and paraphilia-related disorders (PRD) was assessed. Based on extant normative data from contemporary population-based surveys of sexual behavior, it was hypothesized that a persistent TSO of 7 or more orgasms/week for a minimum duration of 6 months be considered as the lower boundary for hypersexual desire in males. In almost all statistical analyses, the PA (n = 65) and PRD (n = 35) groups were not statistically different. The mean current TSO (PA, 7.4 ± 5.7; PRD, 8.0 ± 4.2) as well as the current average time consumed in all unconventional sexual behaviors (1–2 hr/day) were not statistically different. Unconventional sexual behaviors (i.e., related to PAs or PRDs) leading to orgasm constituted 77% of current TSO. In the combined group (n = 100), 72% (n = 72) reported a hypersexual TSO of 7 or greater. Age of onset of hypersexual TSO in the PAs (19.2 ± 6.8 years; range 10–43) and the PRDs (21.0 ± 8.6; range 10–46) and the duration of hypersexual TSO (PA, 11.1 ± 11.2 years; PRD, 10.5 ± 9.1) were not significantly different. Fifty-seven males (57%) reported a TSO of 7 or more for a minimum duration of 5 years. Clinical implications of reconceptualizing PAs and PRD as sexual desire disorders are discussed.     

煤烟型大气污染对儿童肺功能的影响

为观察煤烟型大气污染对儿童健康的影响 ,选择了太原市 3个污染程度不同地区的 45 0名儿童进行肺功能测试和问卷调查。研究结果显示 ,儿童呼吸功能表现为重度污染区 <中度污染区 <相对清洁区 ;肺通气功能阻塞性异常率表现为重度污染区 >中度污染区 >相对清洁区 ;Logistic回归分析发现肺通气功能阻塞性异常率与小学生家庭的取暖方式、厨房和卧室是否分开以及污染物的水平有关 ;多元线性回归分析显示重度污染区儿童的FVC、FEF5 0与相对清洁区相比分别减少了 65 80ml、119 2 7ml,中度污染区儿童的FVC、FEF5 0与相对清洁区相比分别减少了 5 7 2 8ml和 114 2 9ml;Ln(SO2 )每升高一个单位 ,FVC和FEF5 0分别减少69 10ml和 119 79ml,Ln(PM1 0 )每升高一个单位 ,FVC、FEF5 0等分别减少了 193 5 0ml和 171 69ml。结果提示 ,太原市煤烟型大气污染对儿童呼吸系统产生了危害。     

2－托品酮全合成方法改进

以环庚三烯为原料，经氰化、环加成、水解和重排降解，全合成２－托品酮，总收率４０％。本法步骤短、操作简便、收率高。     

Collection of blood mononuclear cells by leukapheresis for transplantation in a yucatan miniature swine model

A large animal model is needed to evaluate new apheresis technologies. These technologies include novel methods of harvesting the blood mononuclear cell population which contains the hematopoietic stem cells needed to restore hematopoiesis in recipients of hematopoietically lethal therapy and the use of cytokines to provide a safe and predictable method of manipulating these circulating hematopoietic stem cells. We describe the methods used to collect mononuclear cells by leukapheresis from Yucatan miniature swine. These animals are of sufficient size to tolerate the procedures and have many physiologic and hematologic similarities to man. They are of good temperament and are easily trained. Long-term venous access was obtained using single lumen silicone rubber catheters placed in the inferior vena cava. The animals were apheresed while fully awake using a Haemonetics Model V50 machine and a modified lymphocyte collection protocol. The procedure was highly efficient for the collection of mononuclear cells and a 10 pass procedure yielded a product which contained 19.7 × 10⁹ mononuclear cells, 10.7 × 10⁹ granulocytes, and 17 ml of erythrocytes in a volume of approximately 100 ml. This product can be cryopreserved and used for subsequent transplantation. The content of four apheresis procedures provides hematopoietic reconstitution of lethally irradiated swine on a time scale equivalent to transplantation of optimal numbers of bone marrow cells. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

萃取—钼蓝比色法测定杞菊地黄口服液总磷脂含量

本文采用folch试剂萃取,以钼蓝比色法对14枇杞菊地黄口服液中总磷脂成分进行了含量测定。分析结果表明,回收率的变异系数为2.18%,该法简便准确,专一性强,为杞菊地黄口服液的内在质量控制提供了分析方法。     

白芍总苷治疗口腔扁平苔藓的疗效评价研究

目的：观察羟氯喹及羟氯喹与白芍总苷两者合并治疗口腔扁平苔藓（OLP）的疗效,并且同时比较两种定性疗效评价方法,对OLP的损害程度和治疗效果进行评价。方法：随机选取两组初诊患者,分别采用羟氯喹及羟氯喹与白芍总苷治疗三个月,使用绝对数值标准和相对变化标准分别计算。结果：白芍总苷和羟氯喹联合用药,对OLP糜烂型和充血型损害有效。单用羟氯喹治疗OLP糜烂型和充血型损害无效。对于OLP斑纹型损害,两组均有效。白芍总苷和羟氯喹联合用药治疗OLP,可以减少羟氯喹的不良反应。采用＂绝对数值标准＂的定性评价方法与采用＂相对变化标准＂的定性评价方法相比,具有记录简便、评价准确的优点。结论：白芍总苷辅助治疗口腔扁平苔藓有效;绝对数值标准高效准确。     

激光雾化治疗机的研制

介绍一种新型激光治疗装置.它利用超声波产生的雾化气体通道作为光学传导媒介,将激光束汇同雾化药雾通过患者的深呼吸一起传导至患者的呼吸道及肺部,进行治疗.