Development of a Simulation-Based Mastery Learning Curriculum for Breaking Bad News

Introduction

Physician communication impacts patient outcomes. However, communication skills, especially around difficult conversations, remain suboptimal, and there is no clear way to determine the validity of entrustment decisions. The aims of this study were to 1) describe the development of a simulation-based mastery learning (SBML) curriculum for breaking bad news (BBN) conversation skills and 2) set a defensible minimum passing standard (MPS) to ensure uniform skill acquisition among learners.

中国经肛全直肠系膜切除结构化培训尸体手术训练中学员表现分析

目的 分析参加经肛全直肠系膜切除（taTME）结构化培训尸体手术训练中学员表现。方法 针对2018年4月至2019年7月参加taTME结构化培训研讨会的学员，通过问卷调查获取数据，分析学员在尸体手术训练过程中各步骤的技术表现、术中困难及并发症以及术后标本直肠系膜完整度等结果。结果 共45名学员参加taTME结构化培训研讨会，其中39名学员返回问卷。荷包缝合方面，5名（12.8%）学员未能独立完成，7名（17.9%）学员需要经过两次或以上尝试来完成荷包缝合。在各方向直肠系膜间隙的切开分离过程中，85%～90%学员能在教员不同程度上的口头指导下亲自完成。最终标本直肠系膜完整性的评价中，系膜不完整的标本共5例（12.8%），系膜近乎完整的标本共18例（46.2%），系膜完整的标本共16例（41.0%）。术中并发症及遇到困难方面，18名（46.2%）学员进入错误间隙，1名（2.6%）学员出现直肠穿孔，4名（10.3%）学员出现荷包失败，2名（5.1%）学员出现尿道损伤。单因素分析发现只有学员培训前独立完成taTME手术的例数≥1例为术中不出现并发症的影响因素。结论 参加培训的学员在荷包缝合、直肠全层切开以及直肠系膜间隙的分离等各重要手术步骤中获得较为充足的亲自上手练习机会，较丰富的工作经验以及腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除术（TME），经肛门内镜微创手术（TEM）、经肛门微创手术（TAMIS）的手术经验并不能降低taTME手术经肛操作部分的术中并发症发生率。参加包含尸体手术训练的taTME结构化培训有助于降低术中并发症发生率并提高手术安全性。     

360度评价在住培学员岗位胜任力评价中的应用

目的运用360度评价对我院住培学员的岗位胜任力进行评价,对学员岗位胜任力的现状进行探讨分析。方法使用问卷调查表分别从专业基地教学主任、学员指导教师、同专业学员及学员本人的角度,对2017级222名住培学员的岗位胜任力进行360度评价,利用SPSS22.0对数据进行统计分析。结果连续两年的测评,住院学员8类岗位胜任力的自评和他评得分低于满分,学员在临床基本能力、医患沟通能力、掌握与运用医学知识、团队合作能力4项内容的评分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);同时学员在临床基本能力、医生职业精神与素质、医患沟通能力、掌握与运用医学知识、团队合作能力5项内容的评分较上一年相比,差异也有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论调查结果提示360度评价可帮助住培学员提高岗位胜任力,后续培训应围绕调查结果和以岗位胜任力为导向来调整与设置,需增加人文属性内容的培训以及再量化培训测评内容、指标和进一步完善考评反馈机制。     

8周基础军训对入伍新兵红细胞及其相关指标的影响

目的探讨8周基础军训(basic military training,BMT)对入伍新兵血像中红细胞及其相关指标的影响,为指导科学的军事训练提供参考。方法数据来自新疆边防部队2015年度入伍的50名男性新兵,分别在BMT前后测定并记录受试新兵的红细胞计数、血红蛋白浓度及血清铁蛋白等。结果经过8周的BMT,新兵血液中血红蛋白浓度、红细胞计数及血清铁蛋白均显著下降(P0.05,P0.01)。结论 8周BMT可能导致入伍新兵发生运动性贫血,铁缺乏可能是其主要原因。     

Emergency Medicine/Critical Care Medicine (EM/CCM) Trainees’ Performance on Standardized Critical Care Medicine Examinations: A Ten-Year Review

BackgroundEmergency Medicine/Critical Care Medicine (EM/CCM) trainees may obtain board certification through Internal Medicine (American Board of Internal Medicine [ABIM]), Surgery (American Board of Surgery [ABS]), and Anesthesiology (American Board of Anesthesiology [ABA]). However, EM/CCM trainees experience challenges, including: 1) additional training requirements and 2) an unwillingness to accept EM graduates by many programs.ObjectivesWe sought to: 1) compare EM/CCM knowledge acquisition to medicine (Internal Medicine [IM]/CCM), surgery (surgical critical care [SCC]), and anesthesiology (anesthesiology critical care medicine [ACCM]) Fellows at the local and national level using the Multidisciplinary Critical Care Knowledge Assessment Program (MCCKAP) in-service examination as an objective measure; and 2) compare American Board of Medical Specialties (ABMS) pass rates for EM/CCM.MethodsSingle-center retrospective analysis comparing scores obtained by EM/CCM on the MCCKAP examination with SCC and ACCM over a 10-year period. Scores are presented as means with standard deviations. We performed similar analysis on ABMS examination pass rates.ResultsThere were 117 MCCKAP scores (37 EM/CCM; 80 SCC and ACCM) evaluated. EM/CCM mean score 562.4 (SD 67.4); SCC and ACCM mean score 505.3, (SD 87.5) at the institutional level (p < 0.001). Similarly, EM/CCM scored higher than the national mean (562.4, SD 67.4 vs. 500 SD 100, p < 0.001). Nationally, ABIM-CCM board certification rate was 91.2% for 137 EM/CCM, compared with 93.2% for IM/CCM (p = 0.22); 28 EM/CCM have obtained ABA-CCM board certification with rates similar to ACCM (90.4 vs. 89.3%; p = 0.85).ConclusionsEM/CCM Fellows demonstrate successful knowledge acquisition both locally and at a national level. EM/CCM achieve ABMS pass rates similar to other CCM trainees. The current arbitrary additional training requirements placed on EM/CCM should be removed.     

Cognition in breast cancer survivors: A pilot study of interval and continuous exercise

Objectives

The current study investigated the effects of two exercise interventions on cognitive function amongst breast cancer survivors.

抑郁症康复技能训练程式在基层医院推广应用的价值研究

背景　抑郁症的康复技能训练是一种很好的辅助治疗方法，本课题通过引进成熟的抑郁症康复技术，使基层医务人员熟练掌握，为辖区内广大抑郁症患者开展康复训练，以期提高抑郁症患者的疗效，降低自杀风险。目的　探讨抑郁症康复技能训练程式在基层医院推广应用的价值。方法　选取门头沟区龙泉医院2018年1-9月门诊就诊的65例抑郁症患者为研究对象。入选患者全部接受康复训练，分别于训练前和训练结束3个月后采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）、社会功能缺陷筛选量表（SDSS）、服药依从性、自杀风险评估量表（nurses' global assessment of suicide risk，NGASR）和自杀风险问卷对患者进行评估。结果　共61例患者完成研究，与训练前比较，训练结束3个月后患者HAMD、SDSS评分明显降低，服药依从性除自行停药外均明显提高，自杀风险明显降低，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论　抑郁症康复训练程式能有效提高患者服药依从性，改善抑郁症状，减少自杀观念，在基层医院有推广价值。     

临床医学专业“5+3”一体化本科全程导师制创新人才培养的实践与探索

以培养创新型人才为目标，大连医科大学制定实施了“5+3”创新人才培养改革方案，以导师制培养为载体，在医学本科教育全过程中，制定分阶段创新能力培养体系，涵盖课程、讲座、实验设计、论文等基本科研能力训练，强化本科生科研能力培养。通过对首届“5+3”学生阶段性培养成果的统计学分析发现，“5+3”学生发表中文期刊、SCI，主持国家级创新项目、省级创新项目的比例均显著高于普通5年制学生，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。虽然实施过程中存在一些问题和不足，但以导师制为核心的科研基础训练对提高学生科研思维和创新能力效果显著，对培养医学创新型人才具有可实施性。     

Exercise and Lifestyle Education program for Brazilians living with prediabetes and diabetes: A pilot randomized trial

AimsTo test the Diabetes College Brazil Study feasibility, the acceptability of study interventions and their preliminary effectiveness, and describe the study protocol modifications due to the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsSingle-center, double-blinded pilot randomized trial with two parallel groups, Exercise and Lifestyle Education (ExLE; 12-week exercise and educational interventions) and Exercise (Ex; 12-week exercise intervention only) involving patients with prediabetes or diabetes. Feasibility (eligibility, recruitment, retention, completeness of variables measures and participation rates), acceptability (satisfaction), and preliminary effectiveness of interventions (variables: functional capacity, physical activity (PA), exercise self-efficacy, diabetes knowledge, health literacy, adherence to Mediterranean food pattern, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), anthropometric measures, cardiac autonomic control, depression, and quality of life (QofL)).ResultsEligibility, recruitment, retention, participation in exercise sessions, and education classes rates were 17%, 93%,82%, 76%, and 71%, respectively. Missing data in the post-intervention assessment (PA, HbA1c, cardiac autonomic control, anthropometric measures, depression, and QofL) were mainly related to research procedure modifications. The interventions were highly acceptable, and most variables improved farther in the ExLE, with moderate effect sizes for PA, diabetes knowledge, health literacy, cardiac autonomic control, and QofL.ConclusionsThe Diabetes College Brazil Study is feasible, and the ExLE may benefit Brazilians living with prediabetes and diabetes.