病理技术质量控制的探讨

病理技术是病理学诊断不可分割的一部分,正确的染色结果是病理诊断的重要依据之一.病理技术的规范与否,制片质量的好坏很大程度上影响病理医生作出正确的病理诊断.     

Peritoneal dialysis patient survival: a comparison between a Swedish and a Korean centre.

BACKGROUND: Dialysis patient mortality remains high, and this high mortality may be due to many factors. In peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients, old age, co-morbid diseases, malnutrition, low residual renal function (RRF) and a high peritoneal transport rate have been shown to influence survival, but the relative importance of these factors may differ between different patient populations. Besides, centre practice patterns may differ between centres and may influence patient survival. In addition, the literature suggests that dialysis patient survival may be better in Asian than in Caucasian patients. METHODS: The influence of centre and patient characteristics on patient survival was investigated in 132 Korean and 106 Swedish incident PD patients, who underwent initial biochemical measurements and assessment of adequacy of dialysis, nutritional status, RRF and peritoneal transport characteristics. RESULTS: At the start of PD, Korean patients had a higher prevalence of diabetes, peritoneal Kt/V(urea), peritoneal creatinine clearance and peritoneal fluid removal, and lower body mass index, RRF and dialysate to plasma creatinine concentration ratio (D/P Cr) compared with Swedish patients. Significantly more patients from Korea were placed on temporary haemodialysis before PD (100 out of 132) when compared with Swedish patients (21 out of 106). During the follow-up, there was a significantly higher rate of transfer to other units in Korea and a significantly higher rate of kidney transplantation in Sweden. On Kaplan-Meier analysis, overall patient survival did not differ and relative risk for death was also not different between the two centres even after adjustment for age, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, RRF and D/P Cr. On Cox proportional hazards multivariate analysis, age, diabetes, RRF and D/P Cr were found to be independent predictors of mortality in the combined cohort of patients. While age, diabetes and D/P Cr were independent predictors of mortality in Korean patients, age and RRF independently predicted mortality in Swedish patients. CONCLUSION: Although there were significant differences in centre and patient characteristics, we were unable to confirm a survival advantage for Korean over Swedish PD patients. The results of this study suggest that the reported difference in survival between Asian and Caucasian dialysis patients may have been due, in part, to differences in centre and patient characteristics rather than to race as such. The genetic influence on patient characteristics remains, however, to be elucidated.     

手术治疗心肌桥15例报告

目的探讨外科手术对心肌桥的治疗效果。方法1999年1月～2006年10月,我院对15例心肌桥(13例有典型心绞痛,经正规药物治疗,症状控制不佳,1例急性心肌梗死,1例心悸、晕厥)行手术治疗,其中9例行非体外循环不停跳手术(3例单纯心肌桥切开松解术,2例单纯冠状动脉搭桥术,4例心肌桥切开松解术联合冠状动脉搭桥术),6例行体外循环下手术(5例心肌桥切开松解术联合冠状动脉搭桥术,1例单纯心肌桥切开松解术)。结果15例手术均取得成功,非体外循环不停跳手术组手术时间(2.8±1.9)h;体外循环手术组手术时间(3.5±1.7)h,体外循环时间(59±37)min。无手术死亡及手术并发症,术后3个月心绞痛、心悸症状完全缓解,11例心电图恢复正常。15例随访0.5～7年,(1.9±1.2)年,1例复发心悸,其余患者无心绞痛复发。结论外科手术治疗心肌桥具有良好的近、中期效果。     

提高与保证生物化学教学质量的探讨

随着生物化学和分子生物学的快速发展,生物化学的理论和技术被广泛应用于各种研究领域.因此不断提高教师的业务素质、采用先进的教学手段和教学模式、改革生物化学的实验教学,是提高与保证生物化学教学质量的前提,也是衔接后期研究生教学的重要环节.     

创伤性复发性腓骨肌腱脱位的手术治疗

目的研究创伤性复发性腓骨肌腱脱位的手术方法. 方法回顾分析1986年1月～2003年12月手术治疗的21例创伤性复发性腓骨肌腱脱位的病例,所有病例均应用Watson Jones手术. 结果 15例得到随访,随访时间1～15年,平均4.9年.1例因外伤再次脱位,其余14例未再出现脱位,均恢复正常运动或训练,比赛. 结论 Watson Jones手术治疗复发性脱位操作简单,损伤小,效果满意.     

Characterization of peptide components in the venom of the scorpion Liocheles australasiae (Hemiscorpiidae).

Scorpion venoms are composed of a number of neurotoxic peptides. A variety of toxins have been isolated from the venoms of scorpions of the family Buthidae, however, little interest has been paid to non-Buthidae scorpions. In this study, we examined the toxicity of the venom of Liocheles australasiae (Hemiscorpiidae) to mice and crickets, and characterized the peptide components by HPLC and mass spectrometry. Over 200 components were detected in the L. australasiae venom by LC/MS analysis, with components of molecular masses ranging from 500 to 5000 Da being particularly abundant. A number of peptides contained two to four disulfide bridges, which was estimated based on the mass difference after derivatization of Cys residues. A peptide having a monoisotopic molecular mass of 7781.6 Da and four disulfide bridges was isolated from the venom. The peptide has a primary structure similar in terms of the position of eight Cys residues to those observed in several peptides found from scorpions, ticks and insects, although biological roles of these peptides are unknown.     

新生儿骨矿质含量及影响因素的研究

应用双光子及单光子吸收测定技术，检测了９２名出生３ｄ内的新生儿骨矿质含量，其中巨大儿３０名，正常体重儿３２名，低出生体重儿３０名，其孕龄分别是４０．１±０．７、３９．１±１．５和３７．４±１．２孕周。结果表明，巨大儿、正常体重儿、低出生体重儿的全身骨矿质含量分别是１０１．６±２８．８、８５．２±１９．８、５９．９±２７．２ｇ／ｃｍ２，巨大儿骨矿质含量最高，正常体重儿次之，低出生体重儿最低，差异有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０１）。颅骨、肱骨、股骨的骨矿质含量与全身的骨矿质含量有高度的相关性，相关系数分别是０．９４３、０．８７９和０．７４５（Ｐ＜０．０１）。全身的骨矿质含量与出生体重、孕龄及头围有高度相关性，相关系数分别是０．７５５、０．５９６和０．５５６（Ｐ＜０．０１）。提示颅骨、肱骨及股骨的任一部位均可代表全身的骨矿质含量，肱骨是确定全身骨矿质含量较好的部位，新生儿骨矿质含量受出生体重、孕龄及头围的影响较大。     

A critical commentary and updating of the guinea pig maximization test

The guinea pig maximization test (GPMT) of Magnusson and Kligman was published in 1969. Since then, a vast body of practical experience with the test has been accumulated. New information requires that certain aspects of the procedure be reevaluated, especially with regard to the interpretation of challenge results. In particular, awareness of the phenomenon of hyperirritable skin (the 'angry back' phenomenon) suggests that presently used controls are not always adequate and may overstate allergenicity owing to false-positive reactions. The control group should be exposed to a chemical insult at induction which provokes an inflammatory reaction comparable to the test substance. We present strategies to distinguish irritant from allergic responses. Allergic reactions should persist on rechallenge weeks later, while nonspecific irritant reactions generally fade and are irreproducible in particular animals. Finally, when a chemical is identified as a contact sensitizer of risk is necessary to estimate the relevance of the test result to usage in the real world.     

ITP患者T细胞对巨核细胞生成作用的影响

本文应用改良的血浆凝块技术和共培养系统研究特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)患者T细胞在体外对异体骨髓巨核细胞生成作用的影响,以探讨ITP的发病机制。实验结果表明,从总体来看,ITP患者的T细胞当加到培养物中和靶细胞共培养时,对巨核系祖细胞集落形成单位(CFU-MK)的集落效应无明显的影响。其中三例PAIgG升高患者的T细胞对CFU-MK有不同程度的抑制作用。以上结果提示ITP的发病机制相当复杂。除体液免疫机制外,也有细胞免疫机制参与,T细胞或其亚群对巨核系祖细胞生成抑制在ITP的发病机制中可能起着一定的作用。