乳腺弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤临床特点及预后分析

目的:探讨乳腺弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤（DLBCL）患者的临床特征及预后。方法:回顾性分析2014年5月起至2018年12月我院收治的18例乳腺DLBCL患者的临床特点及预后。结果:在18例患者中，17例为女性，中位年龄为57岁，病变主要累及右侧乳腺（11/18，61.1%）。将其分为原发性乳腺DLBCL（PB-DLBCL）和继发性乳腺DLBCL（SB-DLBCL）两大类。11例（57.6%）PB-DLBCL与7例（42.4%）SB-DLBCL相比，其具有Ann Arbor分期多为Ⅰ-Ⅱ期（P＜0.01）、B症状少（P=0.013）、相对更高的白细胞计数（P=0.041）、骨髓未累及（P=0.043）、完全缓解（CR）率高（P=0.049）等特点。生存分析发现PB-DLBCL患者5年总生存期（OS）显著长于SB-DLBCL患者（P=0.013）。本研究以非生发中心B细胞型（non-GCB）居多，生发中心型（GCB）与non-GCB型之间OS无显著差异（P=0.885）。所有获得CR患者的生存期均显著延长（P=0.008）。结论:乳腺DLBCL多见于中年女性，以右侧乳腺肿块为主要临床表现，分子分型多为non-GCB型。与SB-DLBCL患者相比，PB-DLBCL患者具有Ann Arbor分期早、B症状少、相对更高的白细胞计数、骨髓未累及、CR率高等特点，并且生存期显著延长。无论是PB-DLBCL和SB-DLBCL，还是GCB型和non-GCB型，获得CR提示预后良好。     

Validation of PATHFx 2.0: An open-source tool for estimating survival in patients undergoing pathologic fracture fixation

Treatment decisions in patients with metastatic bone disease rely on accurate survival estimation. We developed the original PATHFx models using expensive, proprietary software and now seek to provide a more cost-effective solution. Using open-source machine learning software to create PATHFx version 2.0, we asked whether PATHFx 2.0 could be created using open-source methods and externally validated in two unique patient populations. The training set of a well-characterized, database records of 189 patients and the bnlearn package within R Version 3.5.1 (R Foundation for Statistical Computing), was used to establish a series of Bayesian belief network models designed to predict survival at 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. Each was externally validated in both a Scandinavian (n = 815 patients) and a Japanese (n = 261 patients) data set. Brier scores and receiver operating characteristic curves to assessed discriminatory ability. Decision curve analysis (DCA) evaluated whether models should be used clinically. DCA showed that the model should be used clinically at all time points in the Scandinavian data set. For the 1-month time point, DCA of the Japanese data set suggested to expect better outcomes assuming all patients will survive greater than 1 month. Brier scores for each curve demonstrate that the models are accurate at each time point. Statement of Clinical Significance: we successfully transitioned to PATHFx 2.0 using open-source software and externally validated it in two unique patient populations, which can be used as a cost-effective option to guide surgical decisions in patients with metastatic bone disease.     

丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼喉罩全麻的效果分析与研究

目的 探讨丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼喉罩全身麻醉(全麻)的效果。方法 62例腹腔镜、泌尿科、骨科、肛肠科、妇科等手术治疗的患者,随机分为实验组和对照组,每组31例。对照组采用常规气管插管静脉复合全麻,实验组给予靶控输注丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼喉罩全麻。比较两组患者插入喉罩(插管)、插管1 min、插管3 min、拔出喉罩(拔管)1 min、拔管3 min时心率(HR)和平均动脉压(MAP)水平;不良反应发生情况、麻醉效果;全麻起效时间、维持全麻时间、术后苏醒时间。结果 实验组插管时、插管1 min、插管3 min、拔管1 min、拔管3 min的HR水平分别为(77.52±6.36)、(73.26±5.56)、(72.01±4.69)、(75.35±7.63)、(72.34±6.79)次/min,均低于对照组的(92.34±7.85)、(87.97±5.25)、(78.85±5.20)、(95.69±9.21)、(85.63±7.43)次/min,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。实验组插管时、插管1 min、插管3 min、拔管1 min、拔管3 min的MAP水平分别为(90.25±6.73)、(87.65±7.98)、(88.79±7.65)、(88.09±5.61)、(88.52±5.16)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa),均低于对照组的(109.51±7.85)、(103.27±12.43)、(102.52±8.21)、(106.74±7.68)、(104.62±7.71)mm Hg,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。实验组不良反应发生率3.23%低于对照组的19.35%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。实验组麻醉总有效率96.77%均高于对照组的80.65%,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。实验组全麻起效、维持全麻、术后苏醒时间分别为(1.61±0.23)、(100.59±6.72)、(17.99±3.52)min,均短于对照组的(2.93±0.41)、(123.61±7.85)、(36.87±4.16)min,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 针对腹腔镜等手术患者应用丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼喉罩全麻对血液动力学影响小,不良反应发生率低,麻醉效果良好,降低对机体损伤,值得推广应用。     

A Noninterventional,Observational, European Post-Authorization Safety Study of Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma Treated With Lenalidomide

IntroductionLenalidomide plus dexamethasone is effective and well tolerated in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). In this observational, noninterventional European post-authorization safety study, the safety profile of lenalidomide plus dexamethasone was investigated and compared with that of other agents in the treatment of RRMM in a real-world setting.Patients and MethodsPatients had received ≥ 1 prior antimyeloma therapy; prior lenalidomide was excluded. Treatment was per investigator’s routine practice. Adverse events were analyzed by incidence rates per 100 person-years to account for differences in observation length and treatment duration.ResultsIn total, 2150 patients initiated lenalidomide, and 1479 initiated any other antimyeloma therapy, predominately bortezomib (80.3%), which was primarily administered intravenously (74.3%). The incidence rate of neuropathy was lower with lenalidomide (10.5) than with bortezomib (78.9) or thalidomide (38.7). Lenalidomide also had a lower incidence rate of infections (68.7) versus bortezomib (95.9) and thalidomide (76.0). Conversely, the incidence rate of neutropenia was higher with lenalidomide (38.0) than with bortezomib (18.2) or thalidomide (25.7). The incidence rates of thrombocytopenia were 24.4, 40.4, and 14.4 with lenalidomide, bortezomib, and thalidomide, respectively.ConclusionNo new safety signals for lenalidomide were identified in this study, which is the largest prospective real-world European study of lenalidomide in patients with RRMM to date. These results confirm that the safety profile of lenalidomide plus dexamethasone in RRMM in a real-world setting is comparable to that reported in clinical trials.     

药学干预对喹诺酮类药物应用影响

目的 探索药学干预对喹诺酮类药物应用的影响.方法 选取2016年3月—2017年3月到医院接受喹诺酮类药物治疗的患者进行研究,分为药物干预前、干预后两组,喹诺酮类药物使用过程中采用药学干预的方法 进行护理,对比干预前后喹诺酮类药物的耐药率、不合理用药率和不合理使用情况.结果 药学干预后,喹诺酮类药物对肺炎克雷伯菌、大肠埃希菌和铜绿假单胞菌的耐药率降低,且不合理联合用药、不合理用法用量和用药禁忌等不合理用药率也显著降低,不合理使用情况也在逐渐减少(P<0.05).结论 药学干预对喹诺酮类药物的应用效果显著.