朝鲜《医方类聚》的版本流传

介绍了蕴含中国医学成就的朝鲜巨著《医方类聚》于朝鲜李氏王朝时的成书经过及流传情况,原书辗转流传到日本,并于文久元年重新覆刻,以后又回传韩国,并先后在韩国、台湾及中国大陆重新刊印。     

The psychological consequences of source isolation: a review of the literature

Source isolation can be an extremely frightening and anxiety provoking experience. With the many epidemiological changes that are prevalent in the UK today the need to care for individuals in source isolation is becoming increasingly important to prevent the spread of infection in hospitals. However, the psychological effects of source isolation are not well understood or researched. This review defines and examines the historical developments of source isolation and then discusses related research which suggests possible effects of source isolation on an individual's psychological well-being. Research which has determined the effects of sensory deprivation and social isolation are discussed, together with literature on the intensive care syndrome. This review highlights the lack of research on the psychological effects of source isolation. Furthermore, literature and research on related aspects of isolation suggests very serious effects are noted on the psychological well-being of individuals. Whilst a cessation of source isolation is not an option, urgent research is required to examine what nurse interventions can be implemented to ameliorate these negative effects.     

A Recursive Model of the Spread of COVID-19: Modelling Study

BackgroundThe major medical and social challenge of the 21st century is COVID-19, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Critical issues include the rate at which the coronavirus spreads and the effect of quarantine measures and population vaccination on this rate. Knowledge of the laws of the spread of COVID-19 will enable assessment of the effectiveness and reasonableness of the quarantine measures used, as well as determination of the necessary level of vaccination needed to overcome this crisis.ObjectiveThis study aims to establish the laws of the spread of COVID-19 and to use them to develop a mathematical model to predict changes in the number of active cases over time, possible human losses, and the rate of recovery of patients, to make informed decisions about the number of necessary beds in hospitals, the introduction and type of quarantine measures, and the required threshold of vaccination of the population.MethodsThis study analyzed the onset of COVID-19 spread in countries such as China, Italy, Spain, the United States, the United Kingdom, Japan, France, and Germany based on publicly available statistical data. The change in the number of COVID-19 cases, deaths, and recovered persons over time was examined, considering the possible introduction of quarantine measures and isolation of infected people in these countries. Based on the data, the virus transmissibility and the average duration of the disease at different stages were evaluated, and a model based on the principle of recursion was developed. Its key features are the separation of active (nonisolated) infected persons into a distinct category and the prediction of their number based on the average duration of the disease in the inactive phase and the concentration of these persons in the population in the preceding days.ResultsSpecific values for SARS-CoV-2 transmissibility and COVID-19 duration were estimated for different countries. In China, the viral transmissibility was 3.12 before quarantine measures were implemented and 0.36 after these measures were lifted. For the other countries, the viral transmissibility was 2.28-2.76 initially, and it then decreased to 0.87-1.29 as a result of quarantine measures. Therefore, it can be expected that the spread of SARS-CoV-2 will be suppressed if 56%-64% of the total population becomes vaccinated or survives COVID-19.ConclusionsThe quarantine measures adopted in most countries are too weak compared to those previously used in China. Therefore, it is not expected that the spread of COVID-19 will stop and the disease will cease to exist naturally or owing to quarantine measures. Active vaccination of the population is needed to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Furthermore, the required specific percentage of vaccinated individuals depends on the magnitude of viral transmissibility, which can be evaluated using the proposed model and statistical data for the country of interest.     

Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of non-invasive S. pneumoniae isolates recovered from PCV10-vaccinated children in Bulgaria

PurposeThe non-invasive pneumococcal disease (NIPD) is a common infection during childhood. We aimed to define the clonal spread of pediatric non-invasive isolates recovered during the PCV10-period in Bulgaria concerning the serotype and antimicrobial susceptibility.Materials and methodsSerogrouping/serotyping were performed using latex agglutination and capsular swelling reaction. Serogroup 6 strains were subjected to serotype-specific PCR's. The antibiotic susceptibilities were assessed by broth microdilution. MLST was performed to define the clonal composition.ResultsWe analyzed 154 pediatrics non-invasive S. pneumoniae isolates. The PCV10-vaccinated children were 94.1%. We disclosed 88% non-vaccine serotypes (NVTs) and 12% PCV10 - serotypes. All common serotypes among PCV10-vaccinated children (n ?= ?145) were non-vaccine types (NVTs): 19A (13.8%), 6C (11.7%), 3 (9.6%), 15A (8.3%) and 23A (5.5%). Antimicrobial non-susceptibility showed highest levels in erythromycin (50.0%), oral penicillin (49.4%), clindamycin (45.4%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (43.5%), tetracycline (42.2%), and ceftriaxone (14.3%). The multidrug-resistant strains (MDR) were 51.3%. MDR-serotypes were 6C (20.2%), 19A (17.7%), 15A (11.4%), 19F (10.1%), and 23A (8.9%). MLST presented 17 clonal complexes (CCs) with prevalence of CC320, CC386, CC505, CC8029 and CC2613 clustered 83% MDR isolates.ConclusionsAll emergent pediatric non-invasive serotypes in our geographic area during the studied PCV10-period were NVTs (19A, 6C, 3, 15A, and 23A). The fifth widespread CCs: CC320, CC386, CC505, CC8029 and CC2613 clustered 83% MDR isolates. Future surveillance of vaccine-induced changes in the clonality and the antimicrobial resistance of the pneumococcal population is needed.     

对实习前护生经血传播性疾病认知状况的调查

目的了解实习前护生对经血传播性疾病的认知状况。方法采用自行设计问卷在实习前2周对107名护生开展调查,内容包括经血传播性疾病种类、艾滋病、乙肝、丙肝的主要传播途径,预防乙肝的最佳方式、皮肤粘膜有损伤时的防护、污染锐器刺伤时的处理、获取经血传播性疾病知识的途径、是否需要实习前教育等。结果护生对经血传播性疾病有一定的认识,但防护知识欠缺,仅有57%的护生了解皮肤粘膜有损伤时的防护,33%的护生了解被污染锐器刺伤时的处理。结论应完善经血传播性疾病的防治法规并加强护生实习前职业防护教育,以减少护生受感染的可能性。     

大众传媒影响医疗新技术传播的实证研究

目的 探讨电视、报纸等大众传媒在医学内镜诊疗技术传播中的重要作用.方法 以湖南省长沙市某三甲医院为研究对象,通过连续5年的问卷调查掌握该院门诊患者认知"内镜诊疗技术"的主要媒体形式、对该新技术的认同程度变化,并统计每年的媒体传播强度与内镜手术数量,回归分析了解两者的相关性.结果 5年内发放问卷1 500份,收回有效问卷1 430份,回收率95.33%,从2005年开始,来该医院就诊的患者认知"内镜诊疗技术"的媒体形式主要是电视和报纸,其次是广播、杂志;5年中,电视、报纸、网络和手机的比例呈现上升趋势,而广播、杂志则呈下降趋势,患者对于该医疗新技术的认同程度逐年上升,由2005年的79.84%上升至2009年的94.00%;每年媒体传播强度与该院内镜手术数量均稳步增长,两者呈直线相关(R2=0.9828,P<0.01).结论 大众传媒能有效推动医疗新技术的传播,合理的传播策略是医疗新技术获得广泛认知、认同的重要途径.     

估计点扩展函数对内源性光学成像信号的提取

脑内源信号光学成像是近十几年发展起来的研究大脑皮层神经群体活动的成像方法.内源性光学信号非常微弱,并且在穿过皮层组织时会发生扩散,使得图像存在一定程度的退化.本研究通过对功能图像的二阶统计量分析,选取功能柱区域与非功能柱区域像素进行联合求解高斯函数,得到针对内源性光学信号的点扩展函数的估计,并对内源性光学信号图像进行恢...     

The TOR1A polymorphism rs1182 and the risk of spread in primary blepharospasm

We studied the influence of the rs1182 polymorphism of the TOR1A gene on the risk of dystonia spread in two representative cohorts of patients presenting with primary blepharospasm (BSP), one from Italy and the other from the United States of America. The relationship between rs1182 polymorphism and spread was estimated by Kaplan‐Meier survival curves and Cox proportional hazard regression models adjusted by age and sex, age of BSP onset. In both series, patients carrying the T allele (G/T or T/T) in the rs1182 polymorphism were more likely to have dystonia spread as compared with the homozygous carriers of the common G allele. The comparable findings obtained in two independent cohorts support a genetic contribution to BSP spread. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society