经皮内镜下与Wiltse入路经椎间孔腰椎间融合术治疗腰椎滑脱症的疗效比较北大核心CSCD

目的比较经皮内镜下经椎间孔腰椎间融合术(percutaneous endoscopic transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion,PE-TLIF)与Wiltse入路TLIF(Wiltse-approach TLIF,W-TLIF)治疗腰椎滑脱症的疗效。方法回顾分析2018年7月—2019年6月符合选择标准的47例行手术治疗的腰椎滑脱症患者临床资料,其中21例采用PE-TLIF治疗(PE-TLIF组),26例采用W-TLIF治疗(W-TLIF组)。两组患者年龄、性别、病程、滑脱椎体、滑脱分度、滑脱分型及术前腰腿疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、腰椎日本骨科学会(JOA)评分、手术节段椎间隙高度(disc height,DH)、节段性前凸角(segmental lordosis,SL)及Taillard指数(Taillard index,TI)比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、术后卧床时间及并发症发生情况;采用VAS评分及JOA评分评价疼痛及功能改善情况;末次随访时于X线片上测量手术节段DH、SL及TI,并行腰椎CT检查,按Suk标准评测椎间融合情况。结果与W-TLIF组相比,PE-TLIF组手术时间明显延长,但术中出血量及术后引流量减少、术后卧床时间明显缩短(P<0.05)。术后PE-TLIF组出现2例一过性下肢放射痛,WTLIF组出现1例浅表切口感染,两组并发症发生率(9.5%vs.3.8%)差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.037,P=0.848)。两组患者均获随访,PE-TLIF组随访时间12~24个月,平均17.3个月;W-TLIF组为12~24个月,平均17.7个月。两组术后各时间点腰腿痛VAS评分及JOA评分均较术前显著改善(P<0.05)。PE-TLIF组术后3 d及3个月腰痛VAS评分显著低于W-TLIF组,术后3个月腰椎JOA评分显著高于W-TLIF组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);其余时间点两组间各评分比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。末次随访时,两组手术节段DH、SL及TI均较术前显著改善(P<0.05),两组间各指标手术前后差值比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。按Suk标准评价,PETLIF组和W-TLIF组融合率为90.5%(19/21)和92.3%(24/26),差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.000,P=1.000)。末次随访时两组均未见融合器沉降进入邻近椎体或向前、后移位。结论PE-TLIF和W-TLIF治疗Ⅰ、Ⅱ度腰椎滑脱症均可获得良好疗效,尽管PE-TLIF手术时间延长,但术中出血量及术后引流量少,术后卧床时间短,且早期腰痛及功能改善更明显。     

高度发育不良性腰椎滑脱复位程度与脊柱-骨盆矢状位参数变化的关系

目的 :分析高度发育不良性腰椎滑脱(high dysplastic developmental spondylolisthesis,HDDS)的手术复位程度与脊柱-骨盆矢状位参数变化的关系,以了解复位至何种程度能够显著改善术后脊柱-骨盆矢状位序列。方法:回顾性分析2007年3月～2019年4月在我院骨科接受手术治疗的35例HDDS患者,滑脱节段均为L5,年龄14.9±5.9岁(9～35岁)。均行减压、部分复位或完全复位、椎弓根螺钉内固定融合术。随访42.5±33.1个月(3～120个月)。依据术后末次随访时的Dubousset腰骶角(Dubousset lumbosacral angle,Dub-LSA)将患者分为70°(7例)、70°～79.9°(8例)、80°～89.9°(4例)及≥90°(16例)四组,依据末次随访时滑脱的Meyerding分度将患者分为Ⅲ度及以上(5例)、Ⅱ度(6例)、Ⅰ度以内(24例)三组,分别对比各组的术前、末次随访时脊柱-骨盆参数的变化。结果:滑脱率术前为(66.7±22.5)%(35%～100%),末次随访时为(18.9±20.9)%(0%～72%);DubLSA术前为61.9°±14.7°,末次随访时82.1°±17.3°。末次随访时Dub-LSA越大、滑脱程度越低,脊柱-骨盆矢状位参数较术前改善越明显;直至Dub-LSA≥90°和滑移程度在Ⅰ度以内时,骨盆倾斜角(pelvic tilt,PT)和骶骨倾斜角(sacral slope,SS)均有显著性改善,由后倾型骨盆转变为平衡型骨盆的比例显著增加。Dub-LSA≥90°组术前与末次随访时PT分别为36.4°±6.5°与27.2°±4.9°(P0.001)、SS分别为33.5°±9.1°与42.1°±9.3°(P0.001)、平衡型骨盆比例分别为0%(0/16)与43.8%(7/16)(P=0.007),末次随访时与术前比较均有统计学差异。末次随访时滑脱程度在Ⅰ度以内组,术前与末次随访时PT分别为38.9°±8.6°与30.6°±7.4°(P0.001)、SS分别为31.4°±11.5°与41.2°±8.7°(P0.001)、平衡型骨盆比例分别为0%(0/24)与29.2%(7/24)(P=0.009),末次随访时与术前比较均有统计学差异。结论:将HDDS患者的Dub-LSA复位至≥90°和将滑移复位至Ⅰ度以内能够显著改善脊柱-骨盆矢状位参数,并且能够将部分(43.8%)后倾型骨盆改善为平衡型骨盆。     

The relationship between spinopelvic parameters and clinical symptoms of severe isthmic spondylolisthesis: a prospective study of 64 patients

Purpose

To investigate the relationship between spinopelvic parameters and clinical symptoms for patients with severe isthmic spondylolisthesis.

Methods

A series of spinopelvic parameters were measured in 64 patients with L5 severe isthmic spondylolisthesis. The patients were divided into two groups according to Oswestry score obtained preoperatively, i.e. mild or severe low back pain group. T test was used to compare parameters between two groups, and multiple linear regression analysis was employed to investigate the association between parameters and Oswestry score.

Results

Compared with two group patients, parameters of spondylolisthesis grade, pelvic tilt (PT), lumbar lordosis (LL), T9 tilting angle (T9TA), sacro-femoral horizontal distance (SFHD), distance between perpendicular line through C7 and sacrum (SC7D), pelvic tilt/sacral slope (PT/SS), sacro-femoral horizontal distance/vertical distance (SFHD/SFVD), and lumbar lordosis/thoracic kyphosis (LL/TK) were significantly increased in severe low back pain group, while SS and SFVD were significantly decreased, and no significant difference was found for pelvic incidence (PI) and TK. The statistical analysis showed that spondylolisthesis grade, PT, SC7D, LL, SFHD, PT/SS, SFHD/SFVD, and LL/TK had a significant positive correlation with Oswestry score, with an order of spondylolisthesis grade > PT/SS > SC7D > PT > SFHD/SFVD > SFHD > LL/TK > LL. No significant correlation was found for PI, TK, T9TA with Oswestry score, while SS and SFVD had a significant negative correlation with Oswestry score, with an order of SS > SFVD.

Conclusions

The spinopelvic parameters (spondylolisthesis grade, SS, PT, SC7D, LL, SFVD, SFHD, PT/SS, SFHD/SFVD, LL/TK) are significantly correlated with clinical symptoms of severe isthmic spondylolisthesis in patients. The association of the exacerbation of low back pain with SS (correlation coefficient −0.981, strong) and SFVD (correlation coefficient −0.802, strong) is the most significant correlation.     

Prospective analysis of adverse events in surgical treatment of degenerative spondylolisthesis

Background contextSurgical adverse event (AE) monitoring is imprecise, of uncertain validity, and tends toward underreporting. Reports focus on specific procedures rather than outcomes in the context of presenting diagnosis. Specific intraoperative (intraop) or postoperative (postop) AEs that may be independently associated with degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS) have never been reported.PurposeThe primary purpose was to assess the AE profile of surgically treated patients with L4–L5 DS. The secondary goal was to identify potential risk factors that correlate with those AEs.Study design/settingProspective cohort and academic quaternary spine center.Patient sampleNinety-two patients with L4–L5 DS were treated surgically, discharged from Vancouver General Hospital between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2010.Outcome measuresIncidence rates and odds ratios.MethodsProspective AE data were analyzed using univariate analyses, forward selection regression models, and Spearman correlation coefficients. Results were compared with outcomes reported in the Spine Patient Outcomes Research Trial.ResultsNo AEs were seen in 57.6% of patients, one AE in 17.4%, and two or more AEs in 17.4%. Dural tears (6.5%) and intraop bone-implant interface failure requiring revision (3.3%) were the most common intraop AEs. Postoperatively, the most frequent AEs were urinary tract infection (10.9%), delirium (5.4%), neuropathic pain (4.4%), deep wound infection (3.3%), and superficial wound infection (3.3%). The odds of an intraop AE increased by 9% (95% confidence interval [CI] 1–18) per year of age at admission. Adjusted Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) did not correlate with number of AEs experienced. The odds of postop delirium correlated with CCI (odds ratio [OR] 3.39, 95% CI 1.12–10.24) and dural tear (OR 35.84, 95% CI 1.72–747.45). Length of stay was statistically significant and was influenced by two or more AEs, CCI, postop loss of correction, cerebrospinal fluid leak, deep wound infection, noninfected wound drainage, and gender.ConclusionsRisk of intraop AEs, but not postop AEs, increased with increasing age. Having multiple comorbidities does not predispose to more AEs. Infections predominate among the postop AEs. Patients at increased risk of delirium or of having an increased length of hospital stay may more easily be predicted. Studies specifically designed to prospectively assess AEs have the potential to more accurately identify postop AE rates.     

成人腰椎滑脱症手术治疗进展

腰椎滑脱症是临床上的常见病和多发病,主要症状为下腰部疼痛,可有间歇性跛行及神经根性痛等下肢神经症状,越来越多的患者正饱受其困扰。随着医学技术的不断发展,本病的手术治疗也在不断发展和完善,但其临床表现复杂,目前对其治疗方式的选择尚未达成统一的认识,其手术治疗方式的选择仍在争论和探索。本文对近年手术治疗腰椎滑脱症的相关文献资料进行回顾与总结。     

Comparison of Sagittal Spinopelvic Alignment between Lumbar Degenerative Spondylolisthesis and Degenerative Spinal Stenosis

Objective

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the differences in sagittal spinopelvic alignment between lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis (DSPL) and degenerative spinal stenosis (DSS).

Methods

Seventy patients with DSPL and 72 patients with DSS who were treated with lumbar interbody fusion surgery were included in this study. The following spinopelvic parameters were measured on whole spine lateral radiographs in a standing position : pelvic incidence (PI), pelvic tilt (PT), sacral slope (SS), lumbar lordosis angle (LL), L4-S1 segmental lumbar angle (SLL), thoracic kyphosis (TK), and sagittal vertical axis from the C7 plumb line (SVA). Two groups were subdivided by SVA value, respectively. Normal SVA subgroup and positive SVA subgroup were divided as SVA value (<50 mm and ≥50 mm). Spinopelvic parameters/PI ratios were assessed and compared between the groups.

Results

The PI of DSPL was significantly greater than that of DSS (p=0.000). The SVA of DSPL was significantly greater than that of DSS (p=0.001). In sub-group analysis between the positive (34.3%) and normal SVA (65.7%), there were significant differences in LL/PI and SLL/PI (p<0.05) in the DSPL group. In sub-group analysis between the positive (12.5%) and normal SVA (87.5%), there were significant differences in PT/PI, SS/PI, LL/PI and SLL/PI ratios (p<0.05) in the DSS group.

Conclusion

Patients with lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis have the propensity for sagittal imbalance and higher pelvic incidence compared with those with degenerative spinal stenosis. Sagittal imbalance in patients with DSPL is significantly correlated with the loss of lumbar lordosis, especially loss of segmental lumbar lordosis.     

髂嵴高度与腰椎退行性滑脱的关系

目的：分析髂嵴高度与腰椎退行性滑脱的关系。方法腰椎退行性滑脱患者40例为试验组,健康志愿者40例为对照组,均行腰椎X线平片（标准正侧位）检查,测量并比较两组髂嵴绝对高度、髂嵴相对高度、L4椎体高度。结果两组髂嵴绝对高度、髂嵴相对高度差异无统计学意义（P均＞0．05）;试验组L4椎体高度低于对照组（P＜0．05）。结论髂嵴高度与腰椎退行性滑脱没有明显相关性。     

短尾万向联合长尾单向椎弓根螺钉在峡部裂性腰椎滑脱症中的应用

目的探讨短尾万向及长尾单向椎弓根螺钉复位内固定系统结合椎体间植骨融合治疗峡部裂性腰椎滑脱症的临床效果。方法 2010年6月至2012年1月郑州市骨科医院采用短尾万向及长尾单向椎弓根螺钉复位内固定系统结合椎体间植骨融合治疗74例峡部裂型腰椎滑脱症患者,术后3、6个月行腰椎CT平扫＋二维重建检查,评价滑脱复位、椎间隙高度和植骨融合情况;术后6个月采用Beaujon功能评分（BFS）进行疗效评估。结果手术时间90~135 min（平均112 min）,出血量300~750 mL（平均420 mL）。术中未发生马尾、神经根损伤,1例出现硬脊膜撕裂继发脑脊液漏。所有患者获有效随访,随访时间6~12个月,平均随访时间8.1个月。术后3、6个月滑脱椎体复位率和植骨融合率分别为（93±5）%、（91±4）%和81%、100%;术后6个月BFS较术前明显改善（P〈0.05）,BFS好转率为（79±4）%,优51例、良16例、中6例、差1例,优良率为91%（67/74）。随访期间滑脱复位程度和椎间隙高度无明显丢失。结论短尾万向及长尾单向椎弓根螺钉复位内固定系统结合椎体间植骨融合治疗峡部裂性腰椎滑脱症,植骨融合率高,并发症少,滑脱复位满意。     

非椎间隙狭窄型峡部裂腰椎滑脱症的手术治疗

目的：探讨非椎间隙狭窄型峡部裂腰椎滑脱的手术治疗。方法对50例非椎间隙狭窄型峡部裂型腰椎滑脱患者采用短节段固定加椎板、横突间后外侧植骨融合的手术方法进行治疗。结果50例患者症状改善优良率达96％,植骨融合率100％。结论短节段内固定加后外侧植骨融合的手术方法具有手术时间短,不暴露椎管,避免对神经根及硬脊膜的误伤,出血少,费用低等优点。是治疗非椎间隙狭窄型峡部裂腰椎滑脱的一种有效方法。     

后路椎间植骨融合治疗退行性腰椎滑脱症

目的观察后路椎体间植骨辅以短节段复位固定治疗退行性腰椎滑脱症的临床效果。方法采用自体骨行椎体间植骨,加椎弓根螺钉系统短节段撑开复位固定治疗42例退行性腰椎滑脱症,随访12～60个月,定期摄X线片观察其融合率与临床效果。结果所有的患者均在术后12～18个月获得骨性融合,其中32例在9个月后融合。滑移复位情况：36例术后滑移程度小于5%,6例小于15%。临床效果评价：优26例,良16例。结论后路椎间植骨是治疗退行性腰椎滑脱症的较好方法,具有神经根、硬膜囊减压彻底及融合可靠的特点。