Características clínicas y pronóstico de la lesión medular traumática en pacientes mayores de 75 años

ObjectiveTo analyze the incidence and characteristics of traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) in geriatric population of Galicia (Spain), hospital management and functional prognosis.MethodsComparative retrospective study. Patients admitted with acute traumatic SCI during the time period between January 2010 and December 2016 were included. Two groups established: The elderly over and under 75 years of age, with the latter acting as a control group.ResultsThree hundred seventy-nine patients were studied (27.2% ≥75 years). The main etiology in the >75 years group were falls: 80.6%. There were 65.7% who presented incomplete spinal cord injuries with mean motor index (MI) of 44.9/100. Upon discharge, 90.8% were dependent. Hospital mortality was 34.9%. Those >75 years suffered from more cervical injuries (74.8 vs. 51.2%; p<0.001), longer delay in diagnosis (31.1 vs. 9.2%; p<0.001) and higher hospital mortality (34.9 vs. 3.2%; p<0.001). Fewer surgical interventions were performed, with a longer delay. Percentages for admission into ICU, mechanical ventilation and performing a tracheostomy proved to be similar. There were no significant differences found in the evolution according to the ASIA scale or the MI.Conclusions1) The frequency of traumatic SCI in the elderly in Galicia is high; 2) Neurological evolution is similar to younger patients but the level of dependence is higher; 3) The level of care provided is similar in both groups, except for the surgical indication, and 4) Hospital mortality is high.     

妇科腹腔镜围手术期碳水化合物口服疗法对术后胰岛素抵抗影响的研究

目的观察妇科腹腔镜手术围术期碳水化合物口服疗法和传统禁饮食方案两种不同的临床处理措施对于术后胰岛素抵抗（IR）的影响。 方法选取2018年2月至8月入住徐州医科大学附属医院妇科，行腹腔镜下全子宫切除手术的非糖尿病患者共98例，将采用围术期碳水化合物口服疗法者作为观察组（50例），采用传统禁饮食方案者作为对照组（48例）。检测所有病例的术前、术后第1天及第3天的空腹血糖（FPG）及空腹胰岛素（FINS），并利用稳态模式评估法计算稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数（HOME-IR）。对于观察组与对照组患者术前、术后第1天和术后第3天的FPG、FINS和HOME-IR等指标，组间比较采用独立样本t检验。两组患者术后腹胀、术后24 h通气、术后发热的发生情况的比较采用确切概率法检验。 结果观察组与对照组比较，术前和术后第1天FPG差异无统计学意义（P均>0.05），术后第3天FPG明显降低［（4.34±0.59）mmol/L vs （4.96±0.64）mmol/L］，差异有统计学意义（t=-4.96，P=0.002）。观察组与对照组比较，术前和术后第1天FINS差异无统计学意义（P均>0.05），术后第3天FINS明显降低［（45.39±13.55）mIU/L vs （51.18±9.34） mIU/L］，差异有统计学意义（t=-2.46，P=0.033）。观察组与对照组比较，术前HOME-IR差异无统计学意义（P>0.05），术后第1天和术后第3天HOME-IR明显降低［（13.08±4.80）vs （15.03±4.11）；（9.37±3.65）vs （11.30±2.55）］，差异有统计学意义（t=-0.69，P=0.042；t=-3.99，P=0.033）。两组患者术后其他观察指标比较，观察组术后24 h通气率与对照组比较明显增高（76.0% vs 64.6%），差异有统计学意义（P=0.045）。两组患者在术后腹胀、术后发热的发生率方面差异无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。两组患者均未发生术中误吸。 结论妇科腹腔镜手术围术期应用碳水化合物口服疗法较传统禁饮食方案，能有效减轻术后IR程度，促进术后康复进程，且不增加围术期并发症的发生率。     

我国日间手术开展现状与前景展望

日间手术在国外已有上百年的发展历史，现已成为欧美国家重要手术模式。我国于20世纪初开始开展日间手术，但目前尚未普及，发展不平衡问题比较突出，存在认识不清、开展不规范、与医保支付对接不畅等问题。日间手术是一种使国家、医院和病人三方均受益的新型手术模式。近年来，国家相关管理部门积极引导，开展日间手术的医院明显增多，可以预见，我国日间手术即将进入快速发展的新阶段。因此，有条件的医院可以从简单、易操作的病种开始，落实临床路径，积累经验，再逐步稳妥展开。在保证质量的前提下，不断拓展日间手术范围，提高三、四级手术比例。同时，积极与医保支付政策对接，采取灵活的方式，获得医保的支持，更好地促进我国日间手术的快速发展。     

经自然腔道取标本手术在结直肠外科手术中的应用进展

随着腔镜技术的进一步发展以及微创理念应用于结直肠外科疾病的诊治中,结直肠相关疾病的诊治发生了翻天覆地的变化。由传统的经腹手术到腹腔镜手术、经自然腔道手术,再到经自然腔道取标本手术(NOSES),结直肠疾病的外科诊治在微创领域取得了巨大成果。NOSES技术是目前结直肠外科在微创领域前沿的手术方式之一,它通过经直肠、阴道取标本来避免了腹壁的辅助取标本切口,从而将结直肠外科手术进一步微创化。NOSES技术集传统腹腔镜手术的优势与现代微创外科的理念于一体,它在确保手术效果的基础上集中体现了微创、加速康复外科、功能外科、"无疤"等理念的特点。本文主要就国内外各中心开展NOSES技术在结直肠外科诊治开展中的相关经验、心得和体会进行综述。     

Technique Tip: Medial prominence bone spur resection in the third-generation percutaneous Chevron-Akin Osteotomy Technique (PECA) for hallux valgus correction

The third-generation percutaneous chevron and Akin osteotomy (PECA) technique for surgical management of hallux valgus has shown improvement in clinical and radiographic outcomes. During this procedure, lateral translation and fixation of the first metatarsal head results in the formation of a bony prominence on the medial side of the distal aspect of the first metatarsal which can cause pain and discomfort to the patient. We describe two techniques to address this bony prominence; either i) excision osteotomy and removal of the fragment or ii) a dorsal closing wedge osteotomy retaining the bony fragment.Level of EvidenceLevel V, expert opinion     

Anomalous Origin of the Left Coronary Artery from the Pulmonary Artery: Diagnoses and Surgical Results in 12 Pediatric Patients

Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) is a rare congenital condition. It responds well to early diagnosis and treatment, but otherwise the prognosis is poor. We present our case series of 12 patients (mean age, 2 ± 2.58 yr; age range, 2 mo–8 yr), emphasizing the diagnostic process and discussing our surgical results. The diagnosis of ALCAPA should be suspected in infants who have dilated cardiomyopathy with electrocardiographic changes that suggest ischemia, and in older children who have isolated mitral regurgitation. When clinical suspicion is high, the results of 2-dimensional echocardiography combined with color-flow Doppler studies in expert hands can establish the diagnosis, thus avoiding angiography in critically ill infants. The treatment of choice in our patients was transfer and reimplantation of the left coronary artery onto the ascending aorta. There were 2 deaths: both were infants in extremis who underwent emergency surgery. An older child with severe ventricular dysfunction was given mechanical ventricular assistance and then heart transplantation. As of this report, all 10 survivors remained well and asymptomatic.