Pilot testing a professional development model for preservice teachers in the area of health and weight: feasibility,utility, and efficacy

Studies indicate that both preservice and in-service teachers find it difficult to connect to their role as health promoters within a school context. There is also evidence that those teachers most often responsible for delivering health education (i.e., physical education teachers) are at an increased risk for body dissatisfaction, dieting, and disordered eating. A pre–post pilot study assessed the feasibility and utility of an interactive professional development workshop on preservice teachers' attitudes concerning body image, size acceptance, eating, and physical activity, as well as the impact of the workshop on perceived self-efficacy to address weight-related issues. The professional development had a positive effect on antifat attitudes, body image, implicit weight bias, and efficacy to address weight issues. While the workshop was useful in terms of significant changes in preservice teachers' attitudes and efficacy, lessons around feasibility will inform the development of this pilot study to full-scale workshop with preservice teachers.     

Too far away to work with each other: Does location impact on pharmacists’ perceptions of interprofessional interactions?

In recent years, the delivery of health services has seen a shift towards interprofessional teamwork in order to effectively utilise the skills of each member of the healthcare team to deliver optimal patient care. Nevertheless, a variety of barriers, including lack of communication between healthcare professionals (HCPs), have been identified. The expanding clinical services provided by community pharmacies have increased the potential for pharmacist-HCP interaction; however, primary care pharmacy environments vary from individual distinct premises to part of interprofessional ‘health centres’. As such, one potential factor affecting interprofessional communication could be the geographical location (‘space’) of HCPs. This study sought to determine whether these different primary healthcare ‘spaces’ impact on the frequency of interprofessional interactions. An anonymous, self-complete questionnaire was sent to all community pharmacies in Wales (n = 716) to quantify the frequency of interprofessional interactions between community pharmacists and other HCPs. A response rate of 62% was achieved. Results showed that pharmacists working in pharmacies physically linked to general practitioner (GP) surgeries had significantly more frequent interaction with HCPs based within the surgeries. This suggests that housing HCPs in the same physical space will enable more interprofessional interaction, supporting the drive to improve the quality of patient care.     

Return to play,performance, and career duration after anterior cruciate ligament rupture: A case–control study in the five biggest football nations in Europe

A media‐based collection and further analysis of relative return to play (RTP) rates and the corresponding quality of play after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture in top‐level football was the aim of our study. In the 5‐year case–control study, male players from the first two leagues of the five top leagues in Europe, who sustained a total ACL rupture during the season 2010/11 and/or 2011/12, were included. For them and a matched control sample (ratio 1:2), data were retrieved from the publicly available and validated media‐based platforms (transfermarkt.de & whoscored.com) until the end of season 2016/17. Injury and return to play‐specific data were calculated as rate ratios (RR) to compare the injured and matched control athletes rates and as a survival analysis (log‐rank test; career duration). Overall, 132 ACL‐injuries in 125 players occurred. The RTP rate was 98.2%, and the RTP to the same level was 59.4%. Five years post‐RTP, 69.9% of the ACL group were still engaged in football (RR = 87%), 40.9% at the same level (RR = 72%). Survival analysis revealed a systematic group difference in career duration compared to controls (Cox‐Mantel's χ² = 5.8; P  = 0.016). Game performance (scoring points, P  < 0.001; rates/number of completed passes, P  = 0.048; and minutes played, P  < 0.001) was lower in the ACL athletes than in the matching group in the RTP and post‐RTP seasons. Although absolute and relative RTP rates after ACL reconstruction are high in professional football, career duration and game performance are lower than in the reference group.     

社会心理执业技能培训在住院医师规范化培训中的应用

【】 目的 探讨在住院医师规范化培训中开展社会心理执业技能的意义。方法 选择2012年在湖北医药学院附属人民医院17个住院医师规范化培训基地参加培训的138人,进行社会心理职业技能培训。 结果 ①对医患关系认知情况的问卷调查表明,培训后有56.5%的医师认为存在自身的医患沟通技巧不足,66.7%的认为良好的沟通技巧是接诊患者中最为主要的,较培训前有差异(P＜0.05)。②对社会心理执业技能掌握情况的对比结果表明,培训后有86.2%的医师认为问诊时应该倾听患者的诉说,79.8%认为有必要构建良好的沟通气氛,87.7%认为培训可以提高沟通技巧,79.8%认为住院医师规范化培训是进行社会心理执业技能培训的最佳阶段,较培训前有明显差异(P＜0.01)。③SEGUE问卷评分显示,培训后医师的医患沟通能力明显高于培训前,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.01)。④OSCE评分成绩显示,培训后医师的总成绩及每一项合格率(＞60分)的人数与培训前比较,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.01)。⑤进行笔试部分、8项技能操作及面试后进行考核成绩比较,培训前后医师在技能技能考核中差异明显(P＜0.05)。结论 住院医师规范化培训遵循医学教育和医学人才成长规律,在此阶段加强医师社会心理执业技能的培养,符合新的医学模式的要求,可持续提升医疗卫生服务能力和水平,值得推广。     

Entrustables and Entrustment: Through the Looking Glass at the Clinical Making of a Nurse Practitioner

Entrustable professional activities (EPAs) formally address the supervision level required for nurse practitioner (NP) skills of students and fellows. Entrustment is the decision to entrust students and fellows with the responsibility to practice professional skills without direct supervision. EPAs offer the promise of consistency within and among NP programs about the expected skills of NP students and fellows and how and when they are acquired. EPAs highlight how and when the supervision and entrustment decisions are made. Their use in medical and graduate medical education suggests that EPAs would provide a common vocabulary among NP students, fellows, and physician colleagues.