某院药物相关问题分类系统的建立及初步验证

目的对现有药物相关问题分类系统进行改进,在此基础上建立某院药物相关问题分类系统,为更好地监控药物相关问题,促进患者用药安全及节省医疗费用提供帮助。方法在对公开发表的DRPs分类系统进行分析汇总的基础上,选择一相对较完善的系统,结合某院的实际情况,建立适合某院的药物相关问题分类系统,并进行初步验证。结果建立的新系统包含5个部分,75个子类别。结论新的分类系统尽管还有许多需要优化的地方,但参与评估的药师都给予该系统较高的评价,认为新的分类系统更切合某院的实际情况。有利于发挥药师在患者治疗中的作用,为患者提供更优良的药学服务。     

The Meaning of Embodiment

There is substantial disagreement among philosophers of embodied cognitive science about the meaning of embodiment. In what follows, I describe three different views that can be found in the current literature. I show how this debate centers around the question of whether the science of embodied cognition can retain the computer theory of mind. One view, which I will label body functionalism, takes the body to play the functional role of linking external resources for problem solving with internal biological machinery. Embodiment is thus understood in terms of the role the body plays in supporting the computational circuits that realize cognition. Body enactivism argues by contrast that no computational account of cognition can account for the role of commonsense knowledge in our everyday practical engagement with the world. I will attempt a reconciliation of these seemingly opposed views.     

基于“一动力三循环”管理模式的“3S”方法在临床研究生导师队伍建设中的应用

研究生教育是国家高水平教育的代表,也是医院发展的体现,在一定程度上可以看出医院的医疗、教学、科研、学术地位。研究生导师是高层次和高水平师资的主要代表,是一个医院提升自身教学实力、影响力、竞争力的关键。本文针对专科医院研究生导师队伍建设存在以下问题进行阐述:对外交流培训不足,师资队伍评价体系不科学,师资队伍结构不合理。基于“一动力三循环”管理模式,探索提出“3S”研究生导师队伍建设模式:加强对外交流与培训,建立科学的评价体系,建立结构合理的导师队伍,以优化研究生导师队伍建设为目标,打造一支业务能力专业、评价体系科学、师资结构合理的导师队伍,不断提升医院研究生导师队伍建设水平,是每个研究生培养单位的重要任务。同时概括了现阶段研究生导师队伍建设的成效和不足,并给予了反馈与意见。     

Optimal control approach for discontinuous dynamical systems

In this work, we consider a wide class of discontinuous dynamical systems, discontinuity of which is based on the sign (for short sgn) function. We propose a smooth optimal control problem to solve the main discontinuous system. By solving some numerical examples in mechanical engineering, we show the efficiency of our approach with respect to 2 smoothing methods for discontinuous systems.     

Looking at the dark and bright sides of identity formation: New insights from adolescents and emerging adults in Japan

The aim of the present study was to gain new insights into the dark and bright sides of identity formation with a sample of 1851 Japanese adolescents and emerging adults, applying a three-dimensional model of identity formation (i.e., commitment, in-depth exploration, and reconsideration of commitment). By means of cluster analysis, we identified five statuses that strongly resembled statues extracted in prior research with Western youth: achievement, foreclosure, moratorium, diffusion, and searching moratorium. We found that each status reported a distinct profile in terms of personality and psychosocial problems. Importantly, we found that the searching moratorium status was adaptive in adolescence but not in emerging adulthood. These results suggest that the five statuses are replicable in Japanese adolescents and emerging adults, and that the searching moratorium status presents a combination of the bright and dark sides whose prevalence varies with age. Clinical implications for identity research and intervention programs are discussed.     

The Breast Health Global Initiative: clinical practice guidelines for management of breast cancer in low- and middle-income countries

Breast cancer is an increasingly urgent problem in low- and mid-level resource countries of the world. Despite knowing the optimal management strategy based on guidelines developed in wealthy countries, clinicians are forced to provide less-than-optimal care to patients when diagnostic and/or treatment resources are lacking. For this reason, it is important to identify which resources commonly applied in resource-abundant countries most effectively fill the healthcare needs in limited-resource regions, where patients commonly present with more advanced disease at diagnosis, and to provide guidance on how new resource allocations should be made in order to maximize improvement in outcome. Established in 2002, the Breast Health Global Initiative (BHGI) created an international health alliance to develop evidence-based guidelines for countries with limited resources (low- and middle-income countries) to improve breast health outcomes. The BHGI serves as a program for international guideline development and as a hub for linkage among clinicians, governmental health agencies and advocacy groups to translate guidelines into policy and practice. The BHGI collaborated with 12 national and international health organizations, cancer societies and nongovernmental organizations to host two BHGI international summits. The evidence-based BHGI Guidelines, developed at the 2002 Global Summit, were published in 2003 as a theoretical treatize on international breast healthcare. These guidelines were then updated and expanded at the 2005 Global Summit into a fully comprehensive and flexible framework to permit incremental improvements in healthcare delivery, based upon outcomes, cost, cost–effectiveness and use of healthcare services.     

贵州黔西县定新乡留守儿童健康现况调查

目的了解贵州省农村留守儿童的健康状况。方法对贵州省定新乡1所中学和4所小学的1 565名学生进行自制儿童问卷调查,对部分儿童进行智力、行为测试,对小学生进行体格检查。结果定新乡留守儿童比例为35.02%;留守与非留守小学男童的平均身高分别为128.74、130.46 cm,平均体重分别为27.31、28.71 kg;留守与非留守小学女童的身高分别为128.52、131.54 cm,平均体重分别为27.26、28.77 kg;同性别留守儿童的平均身高、平均体重均低于非留守儿童,差异有统计学意义;留守儿童的行为问题检出率为34.88%,非留守儿童为28.87%,其中处于青春期(12～16岁)的留守儿童行为问题检出率为41.40%,高于同年龄段非留守儿童的30.62%,差异有统计学意义;留守儿童与非留守儿童在智力方面差异无统计学意义。结论定新乡农村留守儿童比例较高,与非留守儿童比较,留守儿童生长发育较差,心理问题差异不明显,行为问题存在年龄分化现象。