COX基因多态性与缺血性卒中的相关性研究

【摘要】 目的 探讨环氧合酶(COX)代谢通路基因多态性及其与缺血性卒中发病率的关系。方法 将2013年2月~2015年11月在德阳市人民医院和温州医科大学第三附属医院神经内科住院经头颅CT和MRI检查确诊的299例急性缺血性卒中患者,根据彩超结果分为颈动脉易损斑块组（VP）94例、稳定斑块组（SP）74例和无斑块组（NP）131例;同时再分为颈动脉内膜增厚组（IT）108例和非内膜增厚组（NT）191例。使用聚合酶链反应和质谱分析测定基因多态性,包括前列腺素合酶1(PTGS1 rs1236913)、前列腺素H合酶2(PTGS2 rs689466)、血栓素A2合酶(TBXAS1 rs2267679、rs41708、rs194149)、前列腺素E合酶(PTGES2 rs6478818)、环前列腺素合成酶(PTGIS rs5602、rs5629)。结果 在易损斑块组和无斑块组之间TBXAS1 rs194149 GG基因型(P=00281),PTGIS rs5602 CT基因型(P=00319)存在显著差异。内膜增厚组和非内膜增厚组之间PTGS2 rs689466 GG基因型(P=00216)显示显著差异。多元回归分析显示,PTGIS的AA基因型(P=00308,OR:0275,95%CI:0079～0955)和PTGS2的AG+ GG基因型(P=00065,OR:2162,95%CI:1232～3795)是内膜增厚的破坏性因素。结论 COX的单核苷酸多态性(SNP)与脑梗死的发病率存在相关性,PTGIS和PTGS2基因多态性与内膜增厚脑卒中患者相关。     

平板运动试验阳性的女性患者冠脉造影结果分析

目的 探讨女性平板运动试验(TET)假阳性的原因及颈动脉斑块检查对冠心病无创性诊断的意义.方法 对96例TET阳性的女性患者进行冠脉造影(CAG)及颈动脉斑块检查,对三种检查结果进行比较,回顾性分析女性患者出现平板运动试验假阳性的原因.结果 CAG证实为冠心病(CHD)58例(占60.4%),非CHD 38例(占39.6%);颈动脉斑块检查阳性者71.2%被证实为CHD,而阴性者仅36.7%被证实为CHD;非CHD 38例中临床最后诊断:心血管神经症20例,高血压病4例,单纯血脂异常4例,糖尿病3例,X综合征2例,高血压合并糖尿病2例,冠状动脉心肌桥2例,心尖部肥厚型心肌病1例.结论 平板运动试验假阳性与心血管神经症、X综合征、冠状动脉肌桥、高血压病、糖尿病等因素有关,心血管神经症为最常见病因.TET结合颈动脉斑块检查可显著提高冠心病无创性检查的诊断率.     

彩色多普勒超声检测颈动脉硬化斑块在脑梗死中的应用价值

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声检测颈动脉硬化斑块在脑梗死中的应用价值。方法选取2016年1月~2017年1月在我院就诊的50例脑梗死患者为观察组,并选择同期非脑梗死体检者50例为对照组,两组患者均采用彩色多普勒超声检查颈动脉检测颈动脉中层内膜厚度(IMT)、斑块类型,并检测收缩期峰值流速(PSV)、舒张末期流速(EDV)、阻力指数(RI)。结果观察组IMT、颈动脉斑块数量、面积[(1.49±0.42)mm、(5.86±1.35)个、(1.48±0.32)cm2]均明显大于对照组[(0.93±0.29)mm、(1.16±0.32)个、(0.59±0.12)cm2](P0.05或P0.01);观察组颈动脉斑块不稳定型数量(144个)明显多于对照组(10个)(P0.01);观察组颈动脉PSV、EDV[(65.35±14.26)cm/s、(16.69±4.36)cm/s]低于对照组[(72.51±14.58)cm/s、(19.11±4.82)cm/s](P0.05),RI(0.75±0.16)高于对照组(0.65±0.15)(P0.05)。结论彩色多普勒超声提示颈动脉硬化与脑梗死密切相关,早期检查颈动脉能为临床预防脑梗死发生提供客观依据。     

Inter-Scan Reproducibility of Carotid Plaque Volume Measurements by 3-D Ultrasound

We tested a novel 3-D matrix transducer with respect to inter-scan reproducibility of carotid maximum plaque thickness (MPT) and volume measurements. To improve reproducibility while focusing on the largest plaque/most diseased part of the carotid artery, we introduced a new partial plaque volume (PPV) measure centered on MPT. Total plaque volume (TPV), PPV from a 10-mm segment and MPT were measured using dedicated semi-automated software on 38 plaques from 26 patients. Inter-scan reproducibility was assessed using the t-test, Bland–Altman plots and Pearson's correlation coefficient. There was a mean difference of 0.01?mm in MPT (limits of agreement: ?0.45 to 0.42?mm, Pearson's correlation coefficient: 0.96). Both volume measurements exhibited high reproducibility, with PPV being superior (limits of agreement: ?35.3?mm³ to 33.5?mm³, Pearson's correlation coefficient: 0.96) to TPV (limits of agreement: ?88.2 to 61.5?mm³, Pearson's correlation coefficient: 0.91). The good reproducibility revealed by the present results encourages future studies on establishing plaque quantification as part of cardiovascular risk assessment and for follow-up of disease progression over time.     

Italian Chapter of the International Society of Cardiovascular Ultrasound expert consensus document on coronary computed tomography angiography: overview and new insights

Coronary computed tomography angiography is a noninvasive heart imaging test currently undergoing rapid development and advancement. The high resolution of the three‐dimensional pictures of the moving heart and great vessels is performed during a coronary computed tomography to identify coronary artery disease and classify patient risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The technique provides useful information about the coronary tree and atherosclerotic plaques beyond simple luminal narrowing and plaque type defined by calcium content. This application will improve image‐guided prevention, medical therapy, and coronary interventions. The ability to interpret coronary computed tomography images is of utmost importance as we develop personalized medical care to enable therapeutic interventions stratified on the bases of plaque characteristics. This overview provides available data and expert's recommendations in the utilization of coronary computed tomography findings. We focus on the use of coronary computed tomography to detect coronary artery disease and stratify patients at risk, illustrating the implications of this test on patient management. We describe its diagnostic power in identifying patients at higher risk to develop acute coronary syndrome and its prognostic significance. Finally, we highlight the features of the vulnerable plaques imaged by coronary computed tomography angiography.     

Chair-side detection of Prevotella Intermedia in mature dental plaque by its fluorescence

BackgroundPrevotella intermedia/nigrescens is one of the well-known pathogens causing periodontal diseases, and the red florescence excited by the visible blue light caused by the protoporphyrin IX in the bacterial cells could be useful for the chair-side detection. The aim of this study was to evaluated levels of periodontal pathogen, especially P. intermedia in clinical samples of red fluorescent dental plaque.MethodsThirty two supra gingival plaque samples from six individuals were measured its fluorescence at 640 nm wavelength excited by 409 nm. Periodontopathic bacteria were counted by the Invader PLUS PCR assay. Co-relations the fluorescence intensity and bacterial counts were analyzed by Person’s correlation coefficient and simple and multiple regression analysis. Positive and negative predictive values of the fluorescence intensities for with or without P. intermedia in supragingival plaque was calculated.ResultsWhen relative fluorescence unit (RFU) were logarithmic transformed, statistically significant linear relations between RFU and bacterial counts were obtained for P. intermedia, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia. By the multiple regression analysis, only P. intermedia had statistically significant co-relation with fluorescence intensities. All of the fluorescent dental plaque contained P. intermedia m. In contrast, 28% of non-fluorescent plaques contained P. intermedia.ConclusionTo check the fluorescence dental plaque in the oral cavity could be the simple chair-side screening of the mature dental plaque before examining the periodontal pathogens especially P. intermedia by the PCR method.