复方驱虫斑鸠菊丸质量标准

目的:建立复方驱虫斑鸠菊丸的质量控制方法.方法:采用显微鉴别法和薄层色谱法进行定性鉴别,高效液相色谱法测定样品中胡椒碱的含量.结果:显微鉴别特征明显;薄层色谱鉴别斑点清晰,专属性强;含量测定胡椒碱浓度在5.42～43.36mg·L-1呈良好线性关系,r=0.999 8(n=9),平均回收率100.72％,RSD 0.56％.结论:定性、定量方法简便、可靠、准确,可用于复方驱虫斑鸠菊丸的质量控制.     

复方柏椒提取液抗炎止痛效果的动物实验研究

目的探讨复方柏椒提取液的止痛抗炎效果。方法建立小鼠热板及致炎模型,采用复方柏椒液局部涂抹,观察其抗炎止痛效果。结果小鼠耳肿胀实验表明：阳性对照组扶他林乳膏对小鼠耳肿胀有明显的抑制作用;与空白对照组相比,复方柏椒液组对小鼠耳肿胀有显著性抑制作用;复方柏椒液在给药40min后显示出镇痛效果。用药60min时,镇痛作用最强,复方柏椒液组对小鼠热板致痛有显著性抑制作用。结论复方柏椒提取液能有较强的止痛抗炎效果。     

Determination of aflatoxin B1 levels in Iranian and Indian spices by ELISA method

Abstract

This study was carried out to detect the presence of aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) in 36 samples of spices from Iran and India that include chilli powder (n?=?12), black pepper powder (n?=?12) and whole black pepper (n?=?12). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was applied to analyse AFB₁ in the samples. All the analyses were done twice. AFB₁ was found in all the spices samples, the concentration of AFB₁ in Iranian samples was ranged from 63.16 to 626.81?ng/kg and in Indian samples was ranged from 31.15 to 245.94?ng/kg. The mean of AFB₁ concentration in the chilli powder was significantly higher (p?<?0.05) than the whole and powdered black pepper. However, none of the samples exceeded the maximum prescribed limit, that is 5000?ng/kg (5?µg/kg) of European Union regulations for AFB₁. Although, the present research was not a comprehensive study; however, it provides valuable information on AFB₁ levels in Iranian and Indian spices.     

Natural occurrence of Aflatoxins in commercial pepper in Iran

During the period from September to November 2014, occurrences of Aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, and G2 (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, and AFG2) were determined in 76 pepper samples consisting black pepper (n?=?40) and red pepper (n?=?36) obtained from local markets of Isfahan province, Iran. Aflatoxins' (AFs') analyses were carried out by using the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. AFB1 levels in 32 (88.9%) of 36 red pepper samples were higher than the Iranian and European maximum permitted level (>5?µg/kg). Total AFs were detected in 41 out of 76 samples (53.9%) while 25 pepper samples (32.9%) had levels of the toxin above the Iranian and European permitted level, that is, 10?μg/kg. This study shows that incidence of AFs' contamination in red pepper in Iran was significantly higher than black pepper (p?相似文献   

Antioxidant,antimicrobial and toxicological properties of Schinus molle L. essential oils

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Schinus molle L. has been used in folk medicine as antibacterial, antiviral, topical antiseptic, antifungal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumoural as well as antispasmodic and analgesic; however, there are few studies of pharmacological and toxicological properties of Schinus molle essential oils. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Schinus molle leaf and fruit essential oils, correlated with their chemical composition and evaluate their acute toxicity.

Materials and methods

The chemical composition of Schinus molle leaf and fruit essential oils were evaluated by GC-FID and GC–MS. Antioxidant properties were determined using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical and β-carotene/linoleic acid methods. Antimicrobial properties were evaluated by the agar disc diffusion method and minimal inhibitory concentration assay. Toxicity in Artemia salina and acute toxicity with behavioural screening in mice were evaluated.

Results

The dominant compounds found in leaf and fruit essential oils (EOs) were monoterpene hydrocarbons, namely α-phellandrene, β-phellandrene, β-myrcene, limonene and α-pinene. EOs showed low scavenging antioxidant activity by the DPPH free radical method and a higher activity by the β-carotene/linoleic acid method. Antimicrobial activity of EOs was observed for Gram+, Gram− pathogenic bacteria and food spoilage fungi. EOs showed totoxicity for Artemia salina and lower toxicity in Swiss mice.

Conclusions

The result showed that EOs of leaves and fruits of Schinus molle demonstrated antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, suggesting their potential use in food or pharmaceutical industries.     

Primary sensitization to sweet bell pepper pollen in greenhouse workers with occupational allergy

BACKGROUND: In a previous investigation, a high prevalence of allergy to sweet bell pepper pollen was found among exposed horticulture workers. Allergy to plant-derived food is often the consequence of primary sensitization to common pollen allergens. OBJECTIVE: We therefore investigated the cross-reactivity between sweet bell pepper pollen and pollen from grass, birch or mugwort. METHOD: We selected 10 sera from greenhouse workers who had, besides specific IgE against sweet bell pepper pollen, also IgE to grass, birch or mugwort pollen. Cross-reactivity was tested by the inhibition of IgE binding to solid-phase coupled sweet bell pepper pollen extract. The 10 sera were also analysed for IgE binding to sweet bell pepper pollen by immunoblotting. RESULTS: With these sera, no or small inhibition of IgE binding to sweet bell pepper pollen extract was observed with grass, birch and mugwort pollen. With immunoblotting, major IgE-binding structures were seen at 14, 29 and 69 kDa in sweet bell pepper pollen extract. CONCLUSION: The results of our study demonstrate that sweet bell pepper pollen contains allergens that have no or limited cross-reactivity with common pollen allergens. With sera from the 10 patients tested, sensitization to sweet bell pepper pollen was not the consequence of primary sensitization to common pollen allergens.     

Enhancement of rat trigeminal ganglion neuron responses to piperine in a low-pH environment and block by capsazepine

Both trigeminal and spinal ganglion neurons show a strong potentiation of responses to the irritant capsaicin in an acidic environment. The present study revealed that there is also a strong interaction between protons and piperine, another vanilloid irritant. We studied the mechanism of the interaction between protons and piperine. Whole-cell patch clamp recordings were performed on cultured adult rat trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons voltage-clamped near their resting membrane potential (−60 mV). Piperine (10 μM) caused a sustained net inward current associated with either an increase or decrease in membrane conductance. When protons and piperine were co-applied, the membrane currents evoked in piperine-sensitive TG neurons far exceeded the algebraic sum of the responses to the two stimuli applied in isolation. Capsazepine blocked the response of TG neurons to piperine at both physiological and acidic pH. In the presence of capsazepine, responses to the mixture of piperine and protons resembled the response to the low pH stimulus applied alone. Capsazepine had no effect on the sustained proton-induced current. These findings suggest that protons enhance the piperine current by altering the vanilloid receptor/channel complex or increasing the length constant of the space clamp.     

高空气球飞行对水稻,青椒的诱变效应

利用高空气球搭载水稻，青椒干种子。将其置于海拔３０－４０ｋｍ，高空。飞行８ｈ后，回收并地面种植，观察其后代的生长，发育，结实，抗病性及品质等性状。水稻再现变异，与灿稻不育系杂交的粳稻恢复株，并且有良好良种优势，结实率，种子的饱满度。