Intrathecal synthesis of anti-myelin basic protein IgG in HIV-1+ patients

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected individuals frequently develop a broad spectrum of neurological syndromes, classified as HIV-1-associated cognitive/motor complex. Diffuse demyelination of hemispheric white matter is a commonly observed in HIV-1 infected brain, but the events leading to myelin destruction are still obscure. Since oligodendrocyte infection by HIV-1 is not proven as yet, myelin damage in HIV-1 infection may result from indirect mechanisms such as the excessive release of myelinotoxic substances or the triggering of autoimmune responses directed to myelin constituents. To verify the latter hypothesis, we searched for elevated anti-myelin basic protein (MBP) IgG levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum of 25 patients with HIV-1 infection, 12 with multiple sclerosis (MS), and 9 with non-inflammatory neurological diseases (NIND). CSF, but not serum, anti-MBP IgG levels were more frequently elevated in HIV-1⁺ (16/25, 64%) than in MS (3/12, 25%) or NIND (0/9) patients. By using the anti-MBP IgG index, the anti-MBP IgG antibody specificity index (ASI), and the search for anti-MBP oligoclonal IgG, we ascertained that anti-MBP IgG were produced within the CNS in 13 of 25 (52%) HIV-1⁺, in 6 of 12 (50%) MS, and in none of NIND patients. The incidence of increased CSF anti-MBP IgG levels was higher among HIV-1⁺ patients at stage II–III (4/4, 100%) or at stage IV B (7/9, 78%) than among those at stage IV C–IV D (5/12, 42%). Although our data indicate that intrathecal anti-MBP IgG may occur early during HIV-1 infection and that they are more common in patients with HIV-1-associated cognitive/motor complex, the possible demyelinating role of these antibodies remains to be demonstrated.     

烧伤患者急性期反应物的变化及其临床意义

用环状免疫单扩散法观察了２７例烧伤患者伤后４６天以内血清急性期反应物前白蛋白、铜蓝蛋白、α＿１酸性糖蛋白、α＿１抗胰蛋白酶、转铁蛋白、Ｃ反应蛋白、纤维连接蛋白、补体成分Ｃ＿４、Ｃ＿（３ｃ）、触珠蛋白的变化趋势、试图探讨它们与病情发生、发展规律之间的关系。结果：Ｃ反应蛋白、α＿１酸性糖蛋白和α＿１抗胰蛋白酶在所有患者都升高，提示烧伤后组织损伤逐渐加重及伴发炎症、感染的存在；白蛋白、铜蓝蛋白、转铁蛋白和纤维连接蛋白在伤后均明显降低，提示伤后的分解代谢增加、贫血及网状内皮系统功能降低与之有关；触珠蛋白伤后明显降低且死亡组更明显，提示其作为具有过氧化物酶活性的保护作用降低是促进死亡的原因之一；伤后补体Ｃ＿４、Ｃ＿（３ｃ）在存活组升高而死亡组明显降低，因而可能被用于对患者病情和预后的判断。总之，观测急性期反应蛋白的变化规律，有助于及时发现患者病情的变化，以便临床及时采取相应措施。     

A short luteal phase in cycles stimulated with clomiphene and human menopausal gonadotropin for in vitro fertilization

Of 70 cycles stimulated with clomiphene and human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) for an in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) program, a short luteal phase of 11 days or less was found in 18. In this group the mean estradiol and progesterone levels were elevated in the early luteal phase. Despite the elevated initial values, progesterone levels fell rapidly at the mid luteal phase as a sign of premature luteolysis. The mean total amount of gonadotropin administered and the mean number of follicles punctured and of oocytes recovered did not show any significant difference between the groups of normal and short luteal phases. The present findings support the theory that hyperestrogenism in the early luteal phase may initiate the premature luteolysis observed in clomiphene-menopausal gonadotropin-stimulated cycles.     

Evaluation of CHIP (iproplatin) in recurrent pediatric malignant solid tumors

CHIP (325 mg/M²), a second generation cisplatin derivative, was administered intravenously every 3 weeks to 85 pediatric patients with recurrent sarcomas (19), osteosarcomas (20), neuroblastoma (23), germ cell tumors (10), and other malignant tumors (7). Thirty-eight of them had been previously exposed to cisplatin. Partial remissions were only observed in 3 of 23 (13% SE=7%) patients having neuroblastoma. Severe thrombocytopenia (65%) and neutropenia (35%) were the dose limiting factors.     

低温手术过程多维传热有限元分析

目的 通过有限元分析，给出低温手术过程组织三维瞬态温度场；考察人体血液灌注和代谢产热对其影响，为优化设计冷刀提供参考。方法 充分考虑组织物性和内热源的非线性，使用基于有限容积法的大型商业有限元软件Ansys求解描述低温手术过程组织传热问题的经典生物传热方程。结果 考虑血液灌注和代谢产热后，组织局部降／复温速率降低、所经历的最低温度绝对数值减少；对应时刻，组织内局部温度梯度增加；相同手术方案下，组织内冻结区域减小，且冰球生长过程减慢。结论 人体血液灌注和代谢产热对低温手术过程影响显著，体外实验由于无法模拟血液灌注和代谢产热效果而对冷刀的优化设计作用有限，必须进行在体实验以优化冷刀及其相应的低温手术方案。     

T3期胃癌CD34与新生血管形成及淋巴结转移的关系

目的研究T3期胃癌CD34与胃癌新生血管形成及淋巴结转移的关系.方法随机选取胃癌手术标本41例,其中T3N0M020例,T3N1M021例,分别进行特异性抗体免疫组化染色,并采用Image Pro Plus 5.0图像软件分析数据,计算胃癌组织CD34微血管密度(MVD)和其他相关抗体(CD44、Ⅳ型胶原、层黏蛋白)的表达,并进行统计学分析.结果CD34 MVD计数(CD34表达强度),在T3N0M0和T3N1 M0肿瘤组分别为43.10±18.22和56.24±28.36,两组比较有显著差异(P＜0.05);CD44、Ⅳ型胶原、层黏连蛋白的表达强度,T3N0M0和T3N1M0肿瘤组比较无显著差异(P＞0.05).结论CD34与T3期胃癌组织新生血管形成及淋巴结转移的关系密切,可作为诊断T3期胃癌淋巴结转移的参考指标.     

An alkylpolyglucoside surfactant as a prospective pharmaceutical excipient for topical formulations: The influence of oil polarity on the colloidal structure and hydrocortisone in vitro/in vivo permeation

There is a growing need for research into new skin- and environment-friendly surfactants. This paper focuses on a natural surfactant of an alkylpolyglucoside type, which can form both thermotropic and lyotropic liquid-crystalline phases. The aim of this study was to relate some physicochemical properties (characterised by polarisation and transmission electron microscopy, thermal analysis and rheology) of the three formulations based on cetearyl glucoside and cetearyl alcohol, to the results of in vitro and in vivo bioavailability of hydrocortisone (HC). The three formulations contained oils of different polarity (medium chain triglycerides: MG, isopropyl myristate: IPM and light liquid paraffin: LP), respectively. In vitro permeation was followed through the artificial skin constructs (ASC), while the parameters measured in vivo were erythema index: EI (using instrumental human skin blanching assay), transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and stratum corneum hydration (SCH). The vehicles based on cetearyl glucoside and cetearyl alcohol showed a complex colloidal structure of lamellar liquid-crystalline and lamellar gel-crystalline type, depending on oil polarity. Rheological profile of the vehicle was directly related to the in vitro profile of the HC permeation. In vivo results suggested that the vehicle with MG retarded the HC permeation, whereas less polar IPM and non-polar LP enhanced it. It is suggested that the enhancement is achieved either by a direct interaction with lipid lamellae of the SC or indirectly by improving skin hydration.

There were no adverse effects during in vivo study, which indicates a good safety profile of this alkylpolyglucoside surfactant.     

国产注射用盐酸瑞芬太尼有效性和安全性的评价

目的 采用随机、对照、双盲、多中心的Ⅱ期临床试验,评价国产注射用盐酸瑞芬太尼的有效性和安全性。方法201名受试者分成两组:对照组使用静脉芬太尼(2.5μkg诱导,0.03μg·kg-1·min-1维持)复合吸入66％氧化亚氮麻醉,试验组使用静脉瑞芬太尼(2μg/kg诱导,0.2μ·kg-1·min-1维持)复合吸入66％氧化亚氮麻醉。药物有效性的观察指标有:手术刺激时的应激反应,如血压、心率、流泪、麻醉质量。安全性的观察指标有:血压和心率、麻黄碱、阿托品、纳洛酮、乌拉地尔的使用量、手术失血量、心电图变化、术前和术后48 h内血中ALT、AST、肌酐、尿素氮、停止麻醉到可以拔除气管导管的时间、拔除气管导管前的PETCO2或PaCO2、停止麻醉(关闭氧化亚氮)后呼唤名字可以睁眼时间、术后送往麻醉恢复室或ICU情况以及不良事件。结果 瑞芬太尼与芬太尼在本试验剂量下,药效作用相似,但镇痛作用瑞芬太尼强于芬太尼,停止输注后其作用消退快于芬太尼。结论 国产瑞芬太尼用于全麻可产生良好的镇痛作用,且具有与芬太尼相同的安全性。     

Magnetic resonance elastography of the lung: technical feasibility.

Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is a phase-contrast technique that can spatially map shear stiffness within tissue-like materials. To date, however, MRE of the lung has been too technically challenging-primarily because of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) limitations and phase instability. We describe an approach in which shear wave propagation is not encoded into the phase of the MR signal of a material, but rather from the signal arising from a polarized noble gas encapsulated within. To determine the feasibility of the approach, three experiments were performed. First, to establish whether shear wave propagation within lung parenchyma can be visualized with phase-contrast MR techniques, MRE was performed on excised porcine lungs inflated with room air. Second, a phantom consisting of open-cell foam filled with thermally polarized (3)He gas was imaged with MRE to determine whether shear wave propagation can be encoded by the gas. Third, preliminary evidence of the feasibility of MRE in vivo was obtained by using a longitudinal driver on the chest of a normal volunteer to generate shear waves in the lung. The results suggest that MRE in combination with hyperpolarized noble gases is potentially useful for noninvasively assessing the regional elastic properties of lung parenchyma, and merits further investigation.     

Site-specific biotinylation

We have developed an expeditious method for the incorporation of the biotinylaminocaproyl moiety on the ε-amino group of a lysine residue within a peptide chain in a site-specific manner. Using t-Boc chemistry for the solid phase synthesis approach and a base labile, acid stable protecting group (Fmoc-) for the ε-amino group of the target lysine, we prepared fully protected resin bound peptides which are site-specifically biotinylated. Following HF cleavage, the uniquely biotinylated peptides were obtained in a high degree of purity. Using this approach, a number of biotinylaminocaproyllysyl derivatives of a monocyclic Endothelin-1 analog were prepared. Synthesis of selected bicyclic analogs of high affinity monocycles led to the preparation of the bicyclic [Nle⁷]ET-1 analog containing ε-biotinylaminocaproyllysine at position-9. This peptide, with K_d= 0.08 nM, has 1000-fold higher affinity for the ET_A receptor than the commercially available N_α-biotinylated Endothelin-1. The general utility of this biotinylation methodology was demonstrated by the synthesis of a site-specifically biotinylated PTH analog which contained several side chain functionalized amino acid residues in its sequence. The synthetic method reported here is convergent in that it allows the facile variation of the length of the spacer and also offers the potential to introduce in a site specific manner other groups such as affinity labels and fluorescent tags.