应用Bayesian反馈法预测阿替洛尔药代动力学参数及血药浓度

应用Bayesian反馈法,预测21例高血压病人口服阿替洛尔的个体药动学参数及稳态血药浓度C_(pss),并与经典药动学方法估算的结果比较。本法的T_(1/2)为(6.0±1.7)h,Vd为(1.43±0.13)L/kg,CL为(172±34)ml·h~(-1)·kg~(-1);经典法的T_(1/2)为(6.8±2.4)h,Vd为(1.45±0.56)L/kg,CL为(164±85)ml·h~(-1)·kg~(-1)。两者无显著性差异(P>0.05),两法所测得C_(pss)有较好相关性(r=0.993)。     

食管癌术后的远期生存和影响因素

自1966年～1984年,保尔—拉马克中心行食管癌切除术238例,其上、中、下段及贲门癌分别为10、106、85和37例.鳞癌占62%.36%的肿瘤累及食管壁全层,55%有淋巴结转移.胃代食管94%,结肠代食管7例,小肠代食管7例.175例行术前放疗,43例辅以术后放疗.总的生存率2年41%,5年23年21%.手术死亡率19%.术前放疗不增加手术死亡率,对生存率也无任何影响.只有淋巴结受累和切除的程度是影响预后的最重要因素.     

巴旦杏仁的营养成分与理化常数测定

巴旦木 ,又名扁桃 ( Amygdalus communis L .) ,是蔷薇科桃属植物 ,在我国新疆地区广泛种植和生长 ,尤其盛产于新疆南部的喀什、和田等地。巴旦木的果实称巴旦杏 ,是驰名世界的干果 ,味道香美 ,营养丰富 ,新疆维吾尔民族普遍将巴旦杏作营养滋补品 ;也是一种维吾尔药物 ,具有补脑安神 ,益肾生精 ,润肠通便 ,明目、健胃的药用功能 [1] ,维吾尔医常将巴旦杏与其它药材配伍 ,用于高血压、神经衰弱、咳喘及消化不良等多种疾病的治疗。国外有将巴旦杏粉作病餐 ,配合治疗糖尿病、胃病等[2 ] 。近年来研究表明 ,巴旦杏对小鼠体液免疫有显著影响 ,具…     

Quantitative and qualitative biochemical parameters for alcohol abuse

Blood from alcoholics, non-alcoholic patients and healthy controls were analyzed for various biochemical markers. Follow-up measurements were made during about 3 months of abstention. While a gradual increase in aldehyde dehydrogenase activity (ALDH) in red cell was noted in alcoholic patients serum alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AAG) values returned to normal range within 8 weeks during abstinence. An additional minor band for alpha 1-antitrypsin (AAT) was observed after isoelectric focusing of sera from alcoholics; this band disappeared after 3 weeks of abstinence. However, no such unusual AAT band was found in non-alcoholic patients with liver disorders.     

Dissociation of the anorectic actions of 5-HTP and fenfluramine

The possible peripheral anorectic actions of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) and fenfluramine were examined in food-deprived rats. In a 1-h feeding test the peripherally acting 5-HT antagonist, xylamidine, attenuated the reductions in food intake induced by 5-HT and 5-HTP but not fenfluramine. Thus, the anorectic action of 5-HTP appears to be mediated in part by peripheral 5-HT receptors. Microstructural analyses showed that 5-HTP and fenfluramine induced decreases in eating rate and bout size. Xylamidine reversed the effect of 5-HTP on eating rate, and induced a slight increase in bout size in its own right. Therefore, the peripheral effect of 5-HTP appears to be a slowing of eating rate. No effects of xylamidine on fenfluramine induced changes in feeding were observed. The results indicate a dissociation of the anorectic effects of 5-HTP and fenfluramine based on a peripheral action of 5-HTP. The peripheral action of 5-HTP differs from the previously reported reductions in bout size and bout duration induced by 5-HT. Possible mechanisms for this difference in the peripheral actions of 5-HT and 5-HTP are discussed.     

Stoffwechselparameter und Neurotensinfreisetzung nach Dünndarmresektion,syngener und allogener Segmenttransplantation an der Ratte

Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Studie hatte zum Ziel, die Adaptation verschiedener Dünndarmabschnitte nach Resektion und Transplantation an der Ratte zu untersuchen. Stoffwechselparameter (Serumalbumin, Serumtriglyceride, Maltoseabsorption, Stuhlfettausscheidung) und Fett-stimulierte Neurotensinfreisetzung wurden 3 Monate postoperativ in Lewis-Ratten bestimmt, bei denen eine 2/3-Resektion (n = 21), eine syngene (LewisLewis, n = 21) oder eine allogene (Brown Norway Lewis, n = 24) Segmenttransplantation durchgeführt worden war. Letale postoperative Komplikationen traten bei 3 Tieren nach allogener Transplantation auf (Ileus in 2 Fdllen, Pneumonie in einem Fall). Betrachtet wurde jeweils der proximale, mittlere oder distale Abschnitt (27 cm, etwa ein Drittel des Rattendünndarms) und zu nicht operierten Tieren (Kontrollen, n = 7), sowie zu Isotransplantaten (n = 7) und zu Allotransplantaten (n = 7) des gesamten Dünndarms in Beziehung gesetzt. Nach Allotransplantation wurde Cyclosporin (15 mg/kg KG i.m. Tag 0–2, 15 mg/kg KG s.c. Tag 3–14, 10 mg/kg KG s.c. Tag 15–28) verabreicht. Die Dünndarmresek-tion führte unabhdngig vom verbliebenen Anteil zu einer signifikanten Verringerung der Alnumin- und Triglyzeridwerte (p < 0,01) im Vergleich zum nicht operierten Tier, während die Maltoseabsorption unbeeinflulßt blieb. Die Stuhlfettausscheidung war lediglich nach distaler 2/3-Resektion signifikant erhöht (p < 0,05). Verglichen mit der Resektion ergab die syngene Transplantation keine Veränderung im Hinblick auf die Stoffwechselparameter, führte jedoch zu einer signifikanten Erhöhung der Hormonausschüttung (p < 0,05). Nach Allotransplantation verstarben alle Empfänger proximaler Dünndarm anteile zwischen Tag 8 und 10 nach Transplantation, ohne daß sich Hinweise auf eine akute Abstoßung oder chirurgische Komplikationen ergaben. Allotransplantationen mittlerer oder distaler Dünndarmanteile verliefen erfolgreich und zeigten keinerlei Nachteile im Vergleich zu Allotransplantaten des gesamten Dünndarms Bowie zu Isotransplantaten. Unsere Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, daß im Fall einer Segmenttransplantation die unterschiedliche Adaptation verschiedener Dünndarmab-schnitte unter dem Einfluß einer immunsuppressiven Therapie beachtet werden sollte.

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Nutritional parameters and release of neurotensin following small-bowel resection, syngeneic, or allogeneic segmental transplantation in rats

The aim of the following study was to gain some insight into the functional characteristics of different portions of the small intestine after either partial resection or syngeneic and allogeneic transplantation 3 months postoperatively. Nutritional parameters (serum albumin levels, serum triglyceride levels, maltose absorption, excretion of fecal fat) and fat-stimulated neurotensin release were determined in Lewis rats that underwent small-bowel resection (n = 21), syngeneic (LewisLewis, n = 21), or allogeneic transplantation (Brown NorwayLewis, n = 24). The length of the remnant, isograft, or allograft was 27 cm (i.e., one-third of the rat small intestine) and consisted of the proximal (n = 7), middle (n = 7), or distal (n = 7) portion. Three postoperative deaths were due to ileus or pneumonia. After allotransplantation cyclosporine (15 mg/kg body wt. s.c.) was administered for graft acceptance. The control group was not operated upon, but was composed of weight- and age-matched Lewis rats (n = 7). We found that resection of two-thirds of the small intestine led to significantly lower levels of albumin and triglycerides in all three portions investigated (P < 0.01), but did not affect maltose absorption. Excretion of fecal fat was elevated significantly only after distal resection (P < 0.05). When compared to resected animals, syngeneic transplantation did not affect the nutritional parameters, but caused a significantly higher hormone release (P < 0.05) in all three different intestinal grafts. Allogeneic transplantation was successful when the middle or distal portion was grafted. All recipients of proximal allografts showed a severe loss of body weight and died between day 8 and 10 after transplantation. Postmortem examination revealed no signs of acute rejection. We conclude that when transplantation of short intestinal segments is considered, it is of vital importance to take into account the functional differences and the influence of immunosuppressive drug therapy in the regulation of bowel function.

     

Very low calorie ketogenic diets in overweight and obesity treatment: Effects on anthropometric parameters,body composition,satiety, lipid profile and microbiota

According to the World Health Organization (WHO) the prevalence of obesity tripled worldwide since 1975. Obesity prevention and treatment is based upon lifestyle changes involving eating habits, physical activity and behaviour therapy. Various dietary patterns have been used as nutritional strategies and, in recent years, interest has been shown in very low calorie ketogenic diets (VLCKD) that provide less than 800 calories (kcal), no more than 20–50 g/day of carbohydrates and 0.8–1.5 g/kg ideal body weight of protein. We conducted a literature review of all clinical trials published between January 2014–November 2019 on people with obesity (PWO) that evaluated VLCKD effects on anthropometric parameters, body composition, satiety, lipid profile and microbiota. Findings from literature showed that VLCKD could be useful to ameliorate the quality of life and sleep of PWO. It leads to a rapid weight loss and results in improvements in body mass index (BMI = kg/m²), waist circumference and fat mass reduction preserving lean body mass and resting metabolic rate. This eating pattern reduced the desire to eat and increased satiety. Little is known regarding the effects of VLCKD on the microbiota of PWO for which it is important to conduct further studies.     

PEP聚醚型非离子表面活性剂复配体系的研究

主要讨论了聚氧丙烯－聚氧乙烯－聚氧丙烯（PEP）嵌段共聚醚型非离子表面活性剂分别与十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS0、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（C16TAB）复配体系的水溶液的表面张力随浓度的变化及其盐效应的影响,计算了二元复配体系水溶液的表面吸附层分子相互作用参数（βσ）及胶束中分子相互作用参数（βm）的值,比较了复配体系的协同效应,并对结果作了理论解释。     

针刺合独参注射液对实验性家兔急性心衰竭心肌力学参数影响

目的 :探讨针药结合治疗急性心衰竭的疗效。方法 :4 8只日本大耳白兔 ,随机分为 4组 ,分别为正常组、模型组、治疗组和对照组。静脉注射戊巴比妥钠复制急性心衰竭模型。观察针刺配合中药治疗后其心肌力学参数的变化。结果 :治疗组有明显改善急性心衰竭的作用 ,与对照组比较无差异显著 (P >0 .0 5) ;但治疗组药效维持时间长 ,与对照组有显著差异 (P <0 .0 5)。结论 :针药结合治疗心衰竭值得临床推广应用。     

OCTA定量分析新疆不同民族健康人黄斑区血流参数的差异

目的：通过光相干断层扫描血管成像(OCTA)测量新疆维吾尔族、汉族、哈萨克族、回族健康人黄斑区浅层毛细血管丛(SCP)血流密度(VD)、深层毛细血管丛(DCP)VD以及黄斑中心凹无血管区(FAZ)面积、周长、圆度指数等参数,探讨国内不同民族间健康人黄斑区血流参数的差异性。

方法：选取2022-12/2023-03于伊犁哈萨克自治州友谊医院眼科中心就诊且符合纳排标准的四族健康受试者各80例80眼共320眼为研究对象。根据族别分组编号,使用自动验光仪及IOL生物测量仪获取等效球镜及眼轴,使用DRI Triton OCT检测仪获取黄斑区3 mm×3 mm范围的血流图像并通过内置的IMAGENET6软件对图像进行分析获取各项血流参数,对比不同民族间各项血流参数的差异以及性别、年龄、眼轴对不同民族人群黄斑区血流参数的影响。

结果：四组性别、年龄、眼轴、屈光度、图像质量(IQ)无差异(均P>0.05)。族别差异：SCP中,维吾尔族下方VD大于哈萨克族,回族下方VD大于汉族、哈萨克族,汉族、回族鼻侧VD大于维吾尔族,哈萨克族中央凹VD大于汉族、回族,哈萨克族FAZ面积小于其它3个民族,汉族、回族FAZ周长大于哈萨克族,回族FAZ圆度指数小于其它3个民族; DCP中,维吾尔族中央凹VD大于汉族、回族,哈萨克族中央凹VD大于汉族、回族,哈萨克族FAZ面积、周长小于其它3个民族,哈萨克族FAZ圆度指数大于其它3个民族(均P<0.05)。性别差异：SCP中,汉族女性FAZ面积、周长大于男性,回族女性FAZ圆度指数大于男性(均P<0.05); DCP中,四族女性旁中央凹VD及整体VD均大于男性(均P<0.05)。年龄相关性分析：SCP中,年龄与哈萨克族FAZ圆度指数呈负相关; DCP中,年龄与汉族、哈萨克族、回族旁中央凹、整体VD呈负相关(均P<0.05)。眼轴相关性分析：SCP中,眼轴与哈萨克族、回族中央凹VD,回族旁中央凹VD,维吾尔族、哈萨克族、回族整体VD呈负相关,与哈萨克族FAZ面积、周长呈正相关; DCP中,眼轴与维吾尔族、哈萨克族、回族中央凹VD、回族整体VD呈负相关,与哈萨克族、回族FAZ面积、周长呈正相关(均P<0.05)。

结论：维吾尔族、汉族、哈萨克族、回族健康人群间黄斑区血流参数存在差异,其中哈萨克族FAZ面积、周长明显小于其它三族。黄斑区血流参数与性别、年龄、眼轴相关。