Peripheral T-cell Lymphomas Immunologic and Enzyme Histochemical Analysis of 15 Cases

Ffteen cases of peripheral T cell lymphoma were studied to evaluate the respective properties of various histologic types using enzyme histochemical and ultrastructural examinations in addition to immunological methods. Eleven cases in an ATLA negative group manifested various histologic patterns such as IBL like, pleomorphic and Lennert's lymphomas in comparison with the relatively monomorphic proliferation of neoplastic lymphoid cells in the 4 ATLA positive cases. The presence of neoplastic clear cells is characteristic of peripheral T-cell malignancies, and is likely to be found in CD4 lymphomas. There is an occasional reaction of epithelioid histiocytes and plasma cells with eosinophils, the former being designated Lennert's lymphoma and the latter IBL like T-cell lymphoma. Immunological examination revealed four immunophenotypic patterns: (1) CD2⁺3⁺4⁺8⁺, (2) CD2⁺ 3⁻4⁺8⁻, (3) CD2⁺3⁺4⁻8⁺, and (4) CD2⁺3⁺4⁺8⁺, but did not provide information concerning the intimate relationship between histologic types and immuno phenotyes. β-Glucuronidase reactivity, however, contributed to the distinction between helper and suppressor T cell malignancies, suggesting its usefulness for distinguishing these two cell types and their malignant counterparts.     

Absence of either gastric or intestinal phenotype in microscopic differentiated gastric carcinomas

Differentiated gastric carcinoma (DGC) corresponds roughly to the intestinal type of gastric carcinoma described by Laurén. It has been suggested that DGCs arise from intestinalized gastric mucosa, but recent findings regarding their mucin expression do not support this hypothesis. To evaluate the histogenetic relationship between DGCs and intestinal metaplasia, lesions that are as small as possible should be examined. Twenty-five DGCs, ranging in their greatest dimension from 0.4 to 2.7 mm, were collected and divided into two groups by size. Group A consisted of 13 lesions less than 1.4 mm across, and group B of 12 lesions 1.4 mm or more. The presence of mucin and a brush border was assessed by immunostaining with antibodies against human gastric mucin, pyloric-gland-type mucin, Muc-2 glycoprotein, and CD10 antigen, and the lesions were classified as having the gastric phenotype (G-type), intestinal phenotype (I-type), mixed gastric and intestinal phenotype (M-type), or null phenotype (N-type). Thirteen (52%) of the 25 lesions were N-type, 5 (20%) lesions were G-type, 5 (20%) were I-type, and 2 (8%) were M-type. Group A had a larger proportion of N-type lesions than B (10/13, or 77%, vs. 3/12, or 25%; p = 0.027, chi-square test for proportions). Group B had a larger proportion of G-type lesions than A (5/12, or 42%, vs. 0/13, or 0%; p = 0.033). The phenotypes of the carcinomas and their surrounding mucosa were unrelated. Therefore, DGCs may arise from gastric mucosa affected by intestinal metaplasia or not, without having either the gastric or intestinal phenotype.     

Monitoring Information-Seeking Patterns and Obesity Prevalence in Africa With Internet Search Data: Observational Study

BackgroundThe prevalence of chronic conditions such as obesity, hypertension, and diabetes is increasing in African countries. Many chronic diseases have been linked to risk factors such as poor diet and physical inactivity. Data for these behavioral risk factors are usually obtained from surveys, which can be delayed by years. Behavioral data from digital sources, including social media and search engines, could be used for timely monitoring of behavioral risk factors.ObjectiveThe objective of our study was to propose the use of digital data from internet sources for monitoring changes in behavioral risk factors in Africa.MethodsWe obtained the adjusted volume of search queries submitted to Google for 108 terms related to diet, exercise, and disease from 2010 to 2016. We also obtained the obesity and overweight prevalence for 52 African countries from the World Health Organization (WHO) for the same period. Machine learning algorithms (ie, random forest, support vector machine, Bayes generalized linear model, gradient boosting, and an ensemble of the individual methods) were used to identify search terms and patterns that correlate with changes in obesity and overweight prevalence across Africa. Out-of-sample predictions were used to assess and validate the model performance.ResultsThe study included 52 African countries. In 2016, the WHO reported an overweight prevalence ranging from 20.9% (95% credible interval [CI] 17.1%-25.0%) to 66.8% (95% CI 62.4%-71.0%) and an obesity prevalence ranging from 4.5% (95% CI 2.9%-6.5%) to 32.5% (95% CI 27.2%-38.1%) in Africa. The highest obesity and overweight prevalence were noted in the northern and southern regions. Google searches for diet-, exercise-, and obesity-related terms explained 97.3% (root-mean-square error [RMSE] 1.15) of the variation in obesity prevalence across all 52 countries. Similarly, the search data explained 96.6% (RMSE 2.26) of the variation in the overweight prevalence. The search terms yoga, exercise, and gym were most correlated with changes in obesity and overweight prevalence in countries with the highest prevalence.ConclusionsInformation-seeking patterns for diet- and exercise-related terms could indicate changes in attitudes toward and engagement in risk factors or healthy behaviors. These trends could capture population changes in risk factor prevalence, inform digital and physical interventions, and supplement official data from surveys.     

沈阳地区76例非何杰金淋巴瘤的分类及其免疫表型病理分析

目的：探讨我国沈阳地区非何杰金淋巴瘤（NHL）的病理特点及免疫组化表型分析。方法：对76例NHL按照WHO新分类进行病理观察和10种抗体免疫表型测定。结果：B系占78．9％,其中弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤（DLBL）最多;其次为MALT型（＋／－单核细胞样B细胞）及淋巴浆细胞性淋巴瘤（LPL）。T系占21．1％,以外周T非特殊型最多。CD79a对B－NHL染色阳性率达100％,未见与T细胞的交叉反应。CD3对T－NHL染色阳性率为88％,与B细胞仅有5％的交叉反应。结论：我国沈阳地区NHL以DLBL和外周T非特殊型为最多见,结内单核B和淋巴浆细胞性比例较高。CD79a和CD3分别是具有高度敏感性和特异性的B、T细胞标志抗体。     

The extracellular matrix can regulate vascular cell migration, proliferation, and survival: relationships to vascular disease

The extracellular matrix (ECM) of the normal artery wall is a collection of fibrous proteins and associated glycoproteins embedded in a hydrated ground substance of glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans. These distinct molecules are organized into a highly ordered network that are closely associated with the vascular cells that produce them. In addition to providing the architectural framework for the artery wall that imparts mechanical support and viscoelasticity, the ECM can regulate the behaviour of vascular cells, including their ability to migrate, proliferate and survive injury. The composition of the ECM is different within intimal lesions of atherosclerosis, which are composed of monocytes and lymphocytes from the circulation and smooth muscle cells (SMC) that migrate from the media to the intima (Ross 1993, 1999), and these differences may contribute to the altered phenotype of vascular cells within lesions. This review will briefly outline the ECM changes observed in atherosclerosis and restenosis and the potential relationship of these changes to altered vascular cell functions.     

神经系统副肿瘤综合征临床诊断进展

神经系统副肿瘤综合征（paraneoplastic neurological syndrome,PNS）是肿瘤通过远隔效应累及神经系统的一组罕见的免疫介导性疾病,其临床症状多样,通常伴有特异性的神经抗体。2021年,国际专家组修订了2004年PNS诊断标准,提出了新的临床评分系统,突出强调了“表型-抗体-肿瘤”的关联性。本研究回顾近年文献,围绕新标准,对PNS的临床诊断进展作一综述。     

睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者T细胞,NK细胞功能的研究

目的：检测睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（ＳＡＳ）患者外周血Ｔ淋巴细胞、ＮＫ细胞的变化,探讨ＳＡＳ对细胞免疫功能的影响。方法：应用ＡＰＡＡＰ桥联酶标法测定外周血淋巴细胞表型。结果：ＳＡＳ患者组ＣＤ３＾＋细胞与正常对照组差异无显著性（Ｐ〉０．０５）,ＣＤ４＾＋、ＣＤ４＾＋／ＣＤ８＾＋、ＣＤ１６＾＋、ＣＤ２５＾＋细胞ＳＡＳ组均低于正常对照组,而ＣＤ８＾＋细胞高于正常对照组（Ｐ〈０．０５,Ｐ〈０．０１）。结论：ＳＡ     

1p36 deletion syndrome: Review and mapping with further characterization of the phenotype,a new cohort of 86 patients

Chromosome 1p36 deletion syndrome (1p36DS) is one of the most common terminal deletion syndromes (incidence between 1/5000 and 1/10,000 live births in the American population), due to a heterozygous deletion of part of the short arm of chromosome 1. The 1p36DS is characterized by typical craniofacial features, developmental delay/intellectual disability, hypotonia, epilepsy, cardiomyopathy/congenital heart defect, brain abnormalities, hearing loss, eyes/vision problem, and short stature. The aim of our study was to (1) evaluate the incidence of the 1p36DS in the French population compared to 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and trisomy 21; (2) review the postnatal phenotype related to microarray data, compared to previously publish prenatal data. Thanks to a collaboration with the ACLF (Association des Cytogénéticiens de Langue Française), we have collected data of 86 patients constituting, to the best of our knowledge, the second-largest cohort of 1p36DS patients in the literature. We estimated an average of at least 10 cases per year in France. 1p36DS seems to be much less frequent than 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and trisomy 21. Patients presented mainly dysmorphism, microcephaly, developmental delay/intellectual disability, hypotonia, epilepsy, brain malformations, behavioral disorders, cardiomyopathy, or cardiovascular malformations and, pre and/or postnatal growth retardation. Cardiac abnormalities, brain malformations, and epilepsy were more frequent in distal deletions, whereas microcephaly was more common in proximal deletions. Mapping and genotype–phenotype correlation allowed us to identify four critical regions responsible for intellectual disability. This study highlights some phenotypic variability, according to the deletion position, and helps to refine the phenotype of 1p36DS, allowing improved management and follow-up of patients.