原位杂交法检测BP1基因在乳腺癌组织中表达

目的探讨BP1同源盒基因在乳腺癌中的表达及其与临床病理指标的关系。方法收集165例乳腺癌临床和病理资料,采用原位杂交法检测BP1的表达,同时用二步法进行ER、p53、PCNA、bcl2、cerbB2免疫组化染色。结果BP1基因表达率为67.88%,免疫组化:ER70.30%、p5349.09%、PCNA74.55%、bcl253.33%、cerbB275.52%。BP1与bcl2具有相关性(P<0.01),且均与ER相关(P<0.05),与p53呈负相关(P<0.05)。BP1与PCNA、cerbB2、患者年龄、组织学类型、淋巴结转移等无相关性。结论BP1可能通过某种非依赖p53基因调控机制,与bcl2、ER协同抑制肿瘤细胞的凋亡而参与乳腺癌的发生。     

"Three-Grade Criteria" of Radical Resection for Primary Liver Cancer

OBJECTIVE The present study was designed to develop the "ThreeGrade Criteria" for radical resection of primary liver cancer (PLC) and to evaluate its clinical significance.METHODS Criteria for radical resection of PLC were summed up to 3 grades based on criterion development. Grade I: complete removal of all gross tumors with no residual tumor at the excision margin. Grade Ⅱ: on or the primary branches of the portal vein, the common hepatic duct or its dition to the above criteria, negative postoperative follow-up result including AFP dropping to a normal level (with positive AFP before surgery)within 2 months after operation, and no residual tumor upon diagnostic imaging.The clinical data from 354 patients with PLC who underwent hepatectomy were reviewed retrospectively. Based on the "Three-Grade Criteria" these patients were divided into 6 groups: Grade Ⅰ radical group,Grade Ⅰ palliative group, Grade Ⅱ radical group, Grade Ⅱ palliative group,Grade Ⅲ radical group, Grade Ⅲ palliative group. The survival rate of each group was calculated by the life-table method and the rates compared among the groups.RESULTS The survival rate of patients receiving radical treatment was better than those receiving palliative treatment (P＜0.01). Survival improved as more criteria were applied. The 5-year survival rate of the patients in Grade Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ who underwent radical resection was 43.2%,51.2% and 64.4%, respectively (P＜0.01).CONCLUSION The "Three-Grade Criteria" may be applied for judging the curability of resection therapy for PLC. The stricter the criterion used,the better the survival would be. Adopting high-grade criteria to select cases and guide operations and strengthening postoperative follow-up would improve the results of hepatectomy for PLC.     

Pancreatic cancer–Palliative therapy: surgery (bypass/resection)

Objective: We compare the outcome of palliative pancreaticoduodenectomy and palliative surgical bypass in patients with advanced pancreatic carcinoma in our hospital. Recent published related articles are also reviewed. Methods: A respective analysis was performed comparing the perioperative parameters and outcome of 20 patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy with a gross suspected cancer residue and 30 patients who underwent a surgical bypass, all of the patients were diagnosed as in advanced stages intra-operatively. Results: The two groups were comparable with patient characteristics, including age, gender, initial symptoms and concomitant major organ diseases. Tumors are similar in size and intra-operatively diagnosed as in advanced stages in both groups. All of the patients in the resection group were microscopically proved having cancer residue. One postoperative mortality occurred in the resection group (5%), zero in the bypass group (P > 0.05). Overall complications were significantly higher in the resection group (30% vs. 0, P < 0.01), including 2 patients developed Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), zero in the bypass group (P < 0.01); hemorrhage and transfusions in the resection group were much more than that in the bypass group (P < 0.05). Hospital stay after resection was significantly longer than bypass (20 vs. 12 days, P < 0.01). Hospital fee after resection was 4 times more than after bypass (median 61.500 vs. 15. 300 yuan, P < 0.01). Survival was significantly longer after resection (median 12.2 vs. 7.1 months, P < 0.01). Conclusion: Our results show that palliative resection in advanced pancreatic carcinoma lengthens the survival time of the patients, but this is paid for significantly higher complications than bypass.     

电视纵隔镜手术在肺癌分期中的应用价值

背景与目的　随着新辅助治疗方案的提出,以及人们逐渐认识到CT和PET等检查在肺癌分期中的局限性,纵隔镜手术在肺癌分期中的价值日益受到人们的重视。本研究旨在探讨电视纵隔镜手术在肺癌纵隔淋巴结分期中的应用价值。方法　回顾性总结2001年9月至2004年6月60例经电视纵隔镜检查的肺癌患者的临床资料,其中颈部电视纵隔镜手术52例,胸骨旁电视纵隔镜手术2 例,颈部加胸骨旁电视纵隔镜手术6例。术前所有患者胸部CT均发现纵隔淋巴结肿大(直径大于1.0 cm)。结果　本组60 例患者,经电视纵隔镜检查证实纵隔淋巴结转移(阳性)者42例,未见纵隔淋巴结转移(阴性)者18例。纵隔淋巴结阳性者放弃手术,予以化疗;阴性者中转开胸行肺叶切除或肺楔形切除加纵隔淋巴结清扫,术后病理证实17 例纵隔淋巴结未见转移,1例隆凸后淋巴结可见癌转移(电视纵隔镜检查假阴性)。电视纵隔镜手术敏感性、特异性和准确性分别为97.7%、100%和98.3%。本组术中发生无名动脉撕裂1 例,并发症发生率为1.7%(1/60)。无围手术期死亡。结论　电视纵隔镜手术安全、可靠,可作为明确肺癌分期的常规方法。     

环氧合酶-2反义核酸对膀胱癌细胞恶性表型的抑制作用

目的探讨环氧合酶-2(COX-2)反义核酸对膀胱癌细胞恶性表型的抑制作用。方法采用脂质体介导方法,分别构建转染COX-2反义真核表达载体和空载体的膀胱癌细胞系5637-AS细胞和5637-P细胞,RT-PCR及W estern b lot分析转染细胞COX-2 mRNA及蛋白表达水平。MTT比色实验、Boyden侵袭小室法和裸鼠成瘤实验分别检测转染细胞体外增殖速度、体外侵袭力和体内成瘤性。结果RT-PCR结果显示,5637-AS细胞COX-2/磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶(GAPDH)mRNA比值(0.65)明显低于5637(0.92)和5637-P细胞(0.90);W estern b lot提示5637-AS细胞COX-2/β-actin比值(0.29)明显低于5637细胞(0.46)和5637-P细胞(0.44)。MTT比色实验显示5637-AS细胞较5637-P、5637细胞生长速度减慢,三者倍增时间分别为3.6 d、2.9 d和2.9 d。体外侵袭实验结果表明,5637-AS侵袭细胞数显著低于5637细胞及5637-P细胞(18.20±5.97比45.40±8.12,18.20±5.97比44.10±6.47,P<0.01)。裸鼠成瘤实验中,5637-P、5637细胞接种裸鼠后第5天肿瘤长出,而5637-AS细胞第7天肿瘤长出;30 d后5637-AS细胞接种组瘤体重量(392.15 mg±33.58 mg)明显小于5637细胞(738.26 mg±66.32 mg),和5637-P细胞接种组(698.53 mg±88.76 mg),P<0.01。结论膀胱癌细胞中COX-2过表达与细胞的恶性表型相关,反义技术抑制COX-2表达可以逆转膀胱癌细胞的恶性表型。     

经鼻肠管肠内营养在胃癌根治术中的应用

目的探讨经鼻肠管肠内营养(EN)在胃癌根治术患者中的应用效果。方法在72例行胃癌根治术患者中,34例术后行肠外营养(PN)治疗,38例应用鼻肠管于术后早期行肠内营养(EN)治疗。结果术后EN组的血红蛋白和血清蛋白与PN组基本相同,而AKP、GGT和TB明显低于PN组。结论经鼻肠管的EN比PN更适合胃癌根治术患者的营养支持治疗。     

148例口腔颌面部恶性肿瘤的临床统计及随访观察

本文将我科1974年至1983年收治的148例口腔颌面部恶性肿瘤就性别、年龄、发病部位、肿瘤性质以及所随访的102例口腔领面部恶肿瘤的存活率与肿瘤性质、部位、治疗等的关系进行了统计分析,并评价了冷冻治疗及颈淋巴结根治术。同时阐明了唇癌、皮肤癌淋巴结根治术的指征。     

儿童颅骨肿物的诊断和治疗

目的 探讨儿童颅骨肿物的常见病理类型、临床特点和治疗方法。方法 回顾性分析25例手术治疗的儿童颅骨肿物病例，对其临床症状、影像学资料、治疗方法以及生存情况等进行分析研究。结果 全切除手术15例，近全切除手术6例，部分切除手术3例，1例行活检手术。随访20例患儿，85％的患儿手术后基本恢复了正常的生活，2例生活需要照顾，随访期间死亡的患儿1例。结论 儿童颅骨肿物的诊断和治疗相对有别于成人。积极的手术治疗可以达到明确诊断，延缓神经功能缺损的发展，延长患儿的生存期以及美容等目的。     

JAK2激酶抑制剂AG490对结肠癌HT-29细胞侵袭性的影响

目的观察JAK2激酶抑制剂AG490对结肠癌HT-29细胞侵袭以及对基质金属蛋白酶-2（MMP-2）表达的影响，探讨STAT3信号转导通路在结肠癌侵袭转移调控中的作用。方法应用JAK2激酶抑制剂AG490处理结肠癌HT-29细胞，Matrigel肿瘤体外侵袭模型检测肿瘤细胞侵袭；Western blot检测STAT3蛋白表达；逆转录-聚合酶链反应（RT—PCR）检测MMP2mRNA表达。结果AG490可抑制JAK2／STAT3信号转导通路活化及结肠癌HT-29细胞侵袭，在此过程中AG490在mRNA水平抑制MMP-2表达。结论STAT3信号转导通路参与结肠癌细胞侵袭调控，阻断STAT3通路活化可抑制结肠癌细胞侵袭，这一作用可能是通过抑制MMP-2表达实现的。     

乳腺良恶性肿块的高频彩色多普勒超声分析

目的:探讨彩色多普勒多参数分析对乳腺良、恶性肿块鉴别诊断的价值。材料和方法:应用高频彩色多普勒对96例104个乳腺实质肿块进行扫查,观察肿块的彩色多普勒血流信号及多普勒血流频谱形态,与手术病理结果对照分析。结果:64.4%的良性肿块可检出血流信号,血流信号多为Ⅰ~Ⅱ级,良性肿块中血流频谱以低阻力搏动型及静脉型多见,91.1%的乳腺恶性肿块可检出血流信号,血流信号多为Ⅱ~Ⅲ级,恶性肿块的血流频谱形态较多样化,即同时有多种血流频谱,且以高阻力搏动型和湍流型为多见。结论:高频彩色多普勒超声多参数综合分析有助于临床对乳腺肿块的诊断及鉴别诊断。