实习期医学生心理健康状况、应对方式及压力状况的调查

目的探讨实习期医学生心理健康状况、应对方式及压力状况。方法将进入临床实习期的364名临床医学生作为研究组,而选取379名非实习期的临床医学生作为对照组,问卷评定采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、应对方式问卷及心理身体紧张松弛测试表。结果研究组SCL-90的人际关系敏感、强迫、抑郁、焦虑、敌对因子得分显著高于对照组(t=2.25~5.17,P<0.05);与对照组相比,研究组的应对方式中解决问题因子分有显著性降低,自责、退避因子分则有显著性增高(t=-1.97~2.89,P<0.05);研究组的心理压力状况明显差于对照组,且差异具有显著性意义(χ2=56.03,P<0.05)。结论实习期的临床医学生存在不同程度的心理问题,应予以足够重视。     

The application of basic science concepts to clinical problem-solving

This study looks at the relationship between anatomical concepts held by medical students and their clinical application, and develops a testable model of how students use basic science concepts for clinical problem-solving. According to the model, the essential prerequisites to solve a clinical problem using basic science information include the appropriate basic science knowledge, the ability to collect and interpret clinical information, with the key concept being the link that must then be made between clinical data and basic science. A detailed analysis of the individual components of the model should help to clarify and resolve some of the debate about the nature and balance of basic science and clinical education. A neurological diagnostic problem was used to test the assumptions of the model in a group of medical students who had minimal clinical experiences. There was no demonstrable relationship between anatomical knowledge as assessed by conventional tests and the diagnosis. There was a powerful relationship between measures of organization of knowledge and diagnosis, suggesting that the organization and development of concepts is the key to correct diagnosis. The findings have significant implications for assessment purposes and suggest that standard methods as generally practised may not measure the appropriate conceptual development and are not congruent with curricular objectives. Through the examination of its different learning outcome measures, the model may also be used to provide a profile of individual students or classes, which should help teachers and students deal with difficulties that may be experienced in learning to link clinical and basic science concepts.     

Choosing a career in general practice: the influence of medical schools

Summary. This paper reviews the literature on career choice to investigate the undergraduate influences on the preference of Australian graduates for a career in general practice. Although isolation of influencing factors is difficult, admission criteria and undergraduate curricula may influence career preference. As the institutional environment of medical schools is weighted towards scientific research and specialized medicine, medical students may be socialized into choosing non-generalist careers. Medical schools should consider broadening selection criteria and curriculum exposure to produce graduates with a broad range of career interests.     

公安院校174名研究生心理健康调查分析

目的 了解公安院校研究生的心理健康状况及发现可能存在的心理问题,为心理健康教育提供依据.方法 采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)对174名公安院校研究生进行调查.结果 有心理问题的20人(11.49%);躯体化、人际关系敏感、焦虑和敌对均低于全国青年常模(P＜0.05);研三学生在偏执得分高于研一的学生,研究生之前为警校毕业的学生在躯体化得分高于非警校毕业学生,技术类专业的学生在敌对、恐怖和偏执得分高于侦查类专业(P＜0.05).结论 公安院校研究生的心理健康状况良好,健康教育应针对不同的症状、不同的相应群体进行.     

Students'' assessment of a course in obstetrics and gynaecology

A complete annual entry of 181 students were administered a questionnaire in which they were invited to make value judgements about all aspects of their 3-month course in obstetrics and gynaecology. The resulting performance indicators were used to compare individual staff and clinical firms.     

临床护理本科生对教师行为评价的调查与分析

目的 了解护理本科生对临床带教教师的教学行为评价,找出存在问题,提高教学质量.方法 采用问卷调查法,对教师自身行为(7项)教师教学行为(8项),对学生态度行为(7项)三个方面进行调查.结果 对教师自身行为,教师教学行为,对学生的态度行为进行方差分析,F=0.021,说明三者之间存在差异.进一步用LSD法作两两分析发现教师的教学行为与教师自身行为和对学生的态度行为之间的差异显著(P《0.05).对教师教学行为中表明组内实习内容安排有计划,并能按时完成内容;每次教学活动有准备,按程序进行;能充分利用医疗资源供学生学习;有启发式、引导式提问.与其余四项进行比较差异显著(P《0.05),说明二者之间存在一定的差异.结论 临床教师的教学行为是学生关注的重点,教师应加强这方面的培养,以保证教学质量.     

误种卡介苗引起小学生癔病流行的调查(附34例报告)

本文报告了秦皇岛市山海关区某村小学生，１９９５年１１月２３日因误种卡介苗发生癔病流行的症状、预后及处理经过。对误种卡介苗的学生处理不当，在促进症状发生和发展中起决定作用。据此提出了今后防治的建议。     

大学生心理障碍干预实验研究

目的　探索有效的心理障碍治疗方法 ,降低大学生心理障碍发病率。方法　以经SCL - 90测试分析筛检出≥ 2项因子分在 2 3以上的心理障碍者 2 0 5人为研究对象 ,采取心理治疗、中药治疗、中药与心理疗法结合治疗 3种干预模式对实验组心理障碍者进行为期半年治疗 ,对实验组与空白对照组测试情况比较、各实验组组间比较 ,干预前、后测试结果比较 ,对干预效果进行评价。结果　 3个干预实验组与对照组相比 ,SCL - 90测试结果均低于对照组 ;干预前后SCL - 90测试总分、总均分、各因子分差异有显著性意义 (P <0 0 0 1)。结论　 3种干预方式对心理障碍均有不同程度的疗效 ,以中药与心理疗法结合治疗效果最佳。     

阿合奇县柯尔克孜族女学生月经初潮状况的调查分析

目的：对阿合奇县柯尔克孜族女学生月经初潮年龄、身高、体重、痛经状况及经前症状等进行现况调查，为研究新疆柯尔克孜族人群的发育水平提供参考资料。方法：问卷形式进行调查，采用寿命表法计算初潮年龄等并采用作图法显示整个月经来潮过程。结果：柯尔克孜族女学生月经初潮年龄高峰为14岁，初潮发生季节高峰为夏季，平均初潮年龄呈提前趋势，有痛经和经前症状者较多。月经初潮对身高、体重有一定影响。结论：阿合奇县柯尔克孜族女学生平均初潮年龄明显提前，与我国汉族和其他少数民族青少年生长发育特点一致。     

淄博市属中学生恒牙患龋调查

目的　了解淄博市属中学学生患龋情况 ,为制定防治措施提供科学依据。　方法　采用随机整群抽样方法调查 12～ 18岁男、女中学生共 2 5 5 8人 ,并由经过培训的医务人员按全国口腔疾病常规检查方法调查其患龋情况。　结果　中学生患龋率为 2 1 15 % ( 5 4/2 5 5 8) ,城区学生类龋率高于农村地区学生 (P <0 0 1) ,女生患龋率高于男生 (P<0 0 5 ) ,而初中、高中学生之间差异无显著 (P >0 0 5 )。　结论　普及口腔保健知识和提高防护意识 ,改变饮食习惯是降低患龋率的重要措施