亚低温治疗患者鼻饲营养并发症的观察及护理

报道48例亚低温治疗患者采用一次性投给、间歇滴注和连续输注营养膳的方式鼻饲营养，其并发症有：腹泻、腹胀、肠蠕动亢进，便秘，食物反流，吸入性肺炎，代谢紊乱，高血糖，水、电解质失衡，鼻胃管堵塞等。护理中体会到亚低温治疗患者鼻饲营养的时机最好在急性期1～2d后，应用鼻饲泵连续输注，适时使用胃肠动力药西沙比利．掌握营养膳的配制和正确的鼻饲方法，严密观察，发现异常及时处理，可大大降低并发症的发生。     

Small Bowel Obstruction Secondary to Intragastric Erosion and Migration of A Gastric Band

We describe what we believe to be the first reported case of intragastric erosion and migration to the jejenum of a laparoscopically inserted gastric band, 3 months after the original bariatric surgery was performed. This had caused ulceration and necrosis of the small bowel as the tension in the port tubing had caused the bowel to become concertinaed over it and resulted in a cheese-wire effect through the jejunal convolutions. As bariatric surgery becomes more common, patients with complications of their procedure may present to the general surgeon as an emergency. We recommend early intervention in patients with gastric erosion.     

胃癌术后膳食纤维和早期肠内营养与消化道并发症的关系

目的探讨胃癌术后膳食纤维和早期肠内营养(EN)与消化道相关并发症的关系。方法采用随机对照的方法,把56例胃癌术后患者随机分成能全素组和能全素加膳食纤维组,经鼻肠管进行早期肠内营养(EN),观察两组EN常见消化道并发症的发生情况。结果两组患者在临床资料方面具有可比性(P>0.05)。两组患者的术后腹胀、腹泻的发生率相似,均P>0.05,差异无统计学意义。1例能全素加膳食纤维组患者因吻合口水肿、输入袢不完全性梗阻而发生恶心、呕吐,其余患者均未发生恶心和呕吐。结论胃癌术后的早期膳食纤维EN并不增加EN消化道并发症的发生率。     

改良开放性手术治疗巨大良性前列腺增生症

目的探讨巨大良性前列腺增生症的开放性手术治疗方法及效果。方法回顾分析16例巨大良性前列腺增生症,年龄61~88岁,平均74岁。作耻骨上经膀胱前列腺切除术。结果手术均成功;手术时间35~65min,出血量100~200mL,术后前列腺重量为200~520g,平均215g;膀胱冲洗2~3d,拔导尿管5~7d;术后3d再出血1例,经DSA同侧髂内血管栓塞止血成功,排尿困难1例,短期尿失禁1例,其余患者术后均排尿通畅,控尿良好。结论开放性手术治疗巨大良性前列腺增生症,其梗阻解除彻底,是一种合理的治疗方法。恰当的手术方法是提高疗效及降低并发症的关键。     

小儿腮腺炎并发中枢神经系统感染52例临床分析

目的:探讨小儿腮腺炎并发中枢神经系统感染的临床特点.方法:对52例小儿腮腺炎并发中枢神经系统感染的临床资料进行回顾性总结分析.结果:3～7月份为小儿腮腺炎并发中枢神经系统感染的发病高峰季节(92.31%).发病年龄以6～12岁为主(82.69%),多发生于腮腺肿痛3天以上伴有持续发热者(78.85%),少数患者同时有其它脏器的损害,一般治疗疗效较好.结论:腮腺炎极易并发中枢神经系统感染,年长儿发生率高,应推广接种流腮活疫苗降低发病率.     

94例有肺外并发症的儿童肺炎支原体肺炎临床分析

目的探讨肺炎支原体肺炎（myeoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia，MPP）临床、肺外并发症和诊治。方法对94例确诊为MPP患儿进行回顾性分析。结果发病多集中在学龄前及学龄儿童，3～10岁55例（58．4％），发热69例（73．4％），持续性咳嗽80例（85．1％），多数肺部可闻及干啰音，胸片呈斑点状阴影41例，呈阶段性肺炎26例，呈间质性损害16例，表现肺门影增浓11例，大多患者（84．0％）外周血白细胞总数正常，血红蛋白低于正常值29例，全部病例均有肺外并发症，72例静脉使用红霉素，后改阿奇霉素口服治疗，47例痊愈。结论MPP好发学龄前及学龄儿童，其肺外并发症常见，红霉素、阿奇霉素序贯治疗安全、疗效满意。     

Acute respiratory distress during Caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia A probable case of anaphylactoid reaction to Syntocinon

A case of life-threatening respiratory distress during a Caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia is reported. Possible causes of the event including anaphylactoid reactions and the methods of their diagnosis are discussed. The most likely cause of the episode was felt to be an anaphylactoid reaction to Syntocinon.     

Cardiovascular collapse during anesthesia in a patient with preoperatively discontinued chronic MAO inhibitor therapy

We describe a patient in whom long-term monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor therapy was discontinued 20 days before surgery with general anesthesia. This patient developed severe perioperative hypotension after administration of 10 mg of bupivacaine through an epidural catheter, which was corrected only after potent vasopressor therapy. We attribute this hemodynamic instability to attenuation of this patient's sympathetic tone based on several mechanisms: (1) residual effect of long-term administration of MAO inhibitor that caused a decrease in the number of β-adrenergic receptors (adrenergic subsensitivity due to receptor down-regulation), (2) recovered MAO activity causing effective degradation of sympathetic amines, and (3) combined attenuating effects of general and epidural anesthesia on sympathetic tone.     

贲门癌手术径路与并发症的关系

目的　探讨贲门癌的手术径路与并发症的关系。方法　总结 4 6 9例贲门癌切除患者左进胸切口与胸腹联合切口常见并发症的差异。结果　 2种切口的手术切除率分别为 74 .93%、84 .98% (P <0 .0 1) ;术中脾损伤、脾切除发生率分别为 3.2 5 %、0 .93% (P <0 .0 5 ) ;肺部感染、吻合口漏、切口感染发生率相似 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　贲门癌切除术胸腹联合切口切除率高 ,不增加并发症的发生。     

欧丹西酮预防曲马多硬膜外术后镇痛期间恶心、呕吐的定量研究

目的　寻找欧丹西酮 (Ondansetron)预防妇产科手术后曲马多连续硬膜外镇痛期间恶心和呕吐的最佳剂量。方法　ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级妇产科手术病人 12 0例 ,随机分为 4组 (n =30 ) ,于关腹后接镇痛泵前 (配方为曲马多 80 0mg+布比卡因 112 .5mg ,总量 10 0ml,泵速 2ml/h)分别接受欧丹西酮 2mg、4mg、6mg和生理盐水 2ml静注。观察镇痛期不同时点的VAS值和 0～ 2 4h的恶心、呕吐发生率。结果　 4组VAS均值无明显差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。在 0～2 4h ,恶心 :2mg组 30 .4 % (7) ,4mg组 3.3% (1) ,6mg组 3.3% (1)和生理盐水组 4 6 .7% (14 ) ;呕吐 :2mg组2 0 .0 % (6 ) ,4mg组 3.3% (1) ,6mg组 3.3% (1)生理盐水组 4 3.3% (13)。在预防恶心和呕吐两个事件方面 ,所有用药组与对照组相比均有显著差异 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;在用药组中 ,2mg组与 4mg和 6mg组间比较P <0 .0 5 ,而后 2个剂量组间无差别。结论　本文 3个剂量组的欧丹西酮均有预防妇产科手术后曲马多连续硬膜外镇痛期间恶心和呕吐的作用 ,其中以 4mg组最优。