肾透明细胞癌和卵巢癌与HLAI类抗原关联性研究

目的 分析HLAI类抗原与肾透明细胞癌和卵巢癌的关联性。为确定与这些肿瘤的易感性和抵抗性有关的基因。并为寻找肿瘤特异性的抗原肽,开展肿瘤免疫诊断和治疗奠定基础。方法 实验采用微量淋巴细胞毒试验。分析82例肾透明细胞癌和21例卵巢癌患者外周血HLA-A抗原和-B抗原的抗原频率。结果 与肾透明细胞癌和卵巢癌关联的HLAI类完全不同,其中与肾透明细胞癌关联的位点大大多于卵巢癌的位点,有A9、A11、A28、BG15、B22、B27和B40;而与卵巢癌关联的HLAI类抗原位点只有A10、A36和B12,且卵巢癌关联A10抗原保持显著关联。结论 HLAI类抗原关联性研究显示,HLA-A10可能为卵巢癌提供抵抗性。     

老年择期手术患者护理依赖类别与出院准备度的关系

目的 探讨老年择期手术患者护理依赖类别及与出院准备度的关系,为制订针对性的出院干预计划提供参考.方法 选取江苏省6所综合性三级医院的362例老年择期手术出院患者,采用一般资料调查表、出院准备度量表、护理依赖量表进行调查.结果 老年择期手术患者出院准备度得分为(159.39±30.79)分,护理依赖得分为(53.54±11.49)分.患者护理依赖可分为3个类别:社交依赖型(43.6％)、全面依赖型(23.8％)、学习依赖型(32.6％).多分类Logistic回归分析显示,患者年龄、人均月收入、居住方式及是否合并慢性病是护理依赖的影响因素(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论 老年择期手术患者护理依赖性较高,且与出院准备度关系密切.医务人员应针对不同类别制订针对性的干预措施,降低其护理依赖,提高出院准备度.     

乳腺癌化疗患者睡眠障碍变化规律及预测指标研究

目的 识别乳腺癌患者化疗期间睡眠障碍的纵向变化趋势及不同轨迹类别,并分析人口学及疾病相关因素对轨迹类别的预测作用.方法 采用一般资料调查表、乳腺癌患者报告结局测量系统-化疗期间睡眠障碍量表收集219例乳腺癌患者首次化疗开始前、第1疗程用药结束后第7天(化疗早期)、第2～4疗程用药结束后第7天(化疗中期)及最后1个疗程用药结束后第7天(化疗末期)的睡眠障碍情况.使用重复测量方差分析比较不同时间点测评结果的差异,应用潜类别增长模型探讨轨迹类别,并采用x2检验和Logistic回归分析探索轨迹类别的预测指标.结果 乳腺癌化疗患者4个时间点睡眠障碍得分分别为47.50±8.82、51.38±10.83、50.66±9.90、50.46±9.99,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).识别出乳腺癌化疗患者睡眠障碍4条不同的潜在轨迹,命名为无睡眠障碍组(19.2％)、轻度睡眠障碍组(25.1％)、中度睡眠障碍组(50.7％)及重度睡眠障碍组(5.0％).区域淋巴结转移(OR=1.475,P=0.042)、使用靶向药物(OR =2.135,P=0.011)及参与临床试验(OR=1.899,P=0.040)对乳腺癌化疗患者的睡眠障碍轨迹类别具有预测作用.结论 乳腺癌化疗患者的睡眠障碍随着化疗的推进而动态变化,且其发展轨迹有显著的群体异质性,淋巴结转移、使用靶向药物及参与临床试验对患者的睡眠障碍轨迹类别具有预测作用.医护人员可根据睡眠障碍的变化规律及预测指标早期识别睡眠障碍中、高危人群,并为患者提供全程管理与精准照护.     

Socioeconomic status and the effectiveness of treatment for first‐episode psychosis

ObjectiveTo assess whether patient socioeconomic status (SES) moderates the effectiveness of coordinated specialty care for first‐episode psychosis and to investigate possible mechanisms.Data SourcesA secondary analysis of data from the RAISE‐ETP Trial, which was conducted from 2010‐2014.Study DesignRAISE‐ETP was a cluster‐randomized trial comparing a coordinated specialty care (CSC) intervention called NAVIGATE with usual community care. We constructed a patient SES index based on parental education, parental occupational prestige, and race/ethnicity. After identifying correlates of SES, we used OLS regression analysis to estimate treatment effects on the major study outcomes across quartiles of the index. We also examined whether correlates of SES including the duration of untreated psychosis (DUP), and participation in NAVIGATE might account for the observed difference in effectiveness of CSC by SES.Principal FindingsThe trial sample had a similar SES distribution to the US population, and SES was positively correlated with all mental health outcomes and several potential moderators at baseline. CSC substantially improved the main trial outcomes compared to community care for patients in the highest SES quartile but had small and statistically insignificant benefits for the remaining 75% of patients. Intervention participation rates and several potential moderators did not explain this disparity.ConclusionsCSC may be more effective for high‐SES patients with early psychosis than low‐SES patients. Additional research is needed to understand why CSC is less effective for low‐SES patients and to develop methods to increase effectiveness for this subgroup.     

Soledad no deseada,salud y desigualdades sociales a lo largo del ciclo vital

ObjectiveTo analyse the prevalence of unwanted loneliness in our context and its association with health from a life cycle and social inequalities perspective.MethodCross-sectional study based on data from the Health Survey of the Basque Country (n = 7.228; response rate 79%). The prevalence of unwanted loneliness, its association with perceived health and mental health, and social inequalities according to social class were analysed. To analyse the association, age-adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) calculated from robust Poisson models were calculated.ResultsThe feeling of unwanted loneliness affects 23.3% of men and 29.7% of women, being higher in older people and young adults, and in the most disadvantaged social classes. Feeling alone is associated with worse health, both general (PRa men 2.11, 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 1.77-2.51; PRa women 2.10, 95%CI 1.83-2.41) and mental (PRa men 3.95, 95%CI 3.15-4.95; RPa women 3.50, 95%CI 2.99-4.12). Social inequalities in loneliness, as well as the association between it and poor health, was greater among young adults.ConclusionsThe results of the study have important implications for intervention in the reduction and prevention of unwanted loneliness, underlining the importance of the life cycle and social inequalities.     

Dysregulation of blood lymphocyte subsets and natural killer cells in schistosomal liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma

Immunological factors are important in the pathogenesis of a wide spectrum of hepatobiliary diseases. Using flow cytometry, we determined the changes in lymphocyte subsets and natural killer cells in 123 individuals (81 patients with liver disease and 42 healthy volunteers). The liver diseases included periportal fibrosis (PPF, 10 patients), liver cirrhosis (LC, 31 patients), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC, 40 patients). Schistosomiasis and viral hepatitis B and C were the putative etiological agents of liver diseases. Immunophenotyping by indirect immunofluorescence was conducted using monoclonal antibodies to CD3 (T-lymphocytes), CD4 (helper/inducer T-cells), CD8 (suppressor/cytotoxic T-cells), and CD57 (natural killer cells) cell surface markers. Immunophenotyping of PPF patients showed no significant changes in all markers compared with the healthy controls. However, there was a significant decrease ( P<0.01) in CD3 and CD4 T-cells, and a highly significant increase ( P<0.001) in CD57 T-cells in patients with LC or HCC. In addition, LC and HCC patients showed no significant change in CD8 T-cells compared with controls. In conclusion, the progression of liver diseases is associated with a dysregulation of cellular immune responses. T-lymphocytes and natural killer cells may play a role in the immunopathogenesis of liver cirrhosis and HCC.     

Synthesis and reactions of some pyridazine derivatives

3,4-Diphenyl-5-cyanopyridazin-6-one 3 was prepared from the reaction of cyano-acetamide2 with benzilhydrazone in dry pyridine. A series of its derivatives was prepared. Tolyl and benzene sulphonyl derivatives6a and6b are also prepared. 3,4-Diphenyl-5-cyano-pyridazin-6-thione5 was obtained from3 by the action of P₂S₅ while 3,4-diphenyl-5-cyano-6-chloropyridazine4 was obtained from3 by the action of POCl₃. The reaction of4 with hydrazine hydrate directly afforded the pyrazolopyridazine derivative7. Compound4 also reacted with phenylhydrazine, aniline, thiophenol and anthranilic acid to yield pyridazine derivatives8, 9, 10 and11, respectively. On treatment of compound11 with acetic anhydride it cyclised to afford pyridazino pyrimidine derivatives12.     

一个面向C＋＋的度量工具的设计与实现

在讨论面向对象度量若干方法的基础上,着重介绍了一个关于度量Ｃ＋＋代码的度量工具的设计和实现。