I NTRODUCTION TO F IRE P REVENTION,F IFTH E DITION

Objectives: To determine whether members of a ski patrol, most of whom have no off-season medical responsibilities, can successfully complete an automated external defibrillator (AED) training program prior to the ski season, and retain AED skills at the end of the season and at the beginning of the following season. Methods: A prospective educational study was conducted with 61 ski patrol personnel: 51 (84%) had no other medical training, 44 (72%) had no off-season medical duties, and 57 (93%) had no prior exposure to AEDs. Prior to the ski season (December 1, 1998), all members were trained and tested using the standard American Heart Association (AHA) AED training package and a Life-Pak 500 AED and AED Trainer donated by the Medtronic Physio-Control Corporation. Both after the ski season (April 1, 1999) and prior to the following season (October 30, 1999), with no refresher training, participants were retested with the same written and practical exams. Cochrane's linear trend test was used to compare scores on the practical and written tests over time. Results: For the three testing sessions, practical test pass rates were 95%, 92%, and 97%, and written test pass rates were 100%, 98%, and 98%. There was no change in individuals' scores on either the written test (p = 0.914) or the practical test (p = 0.413) over time. Conclusions: A heterogeneous group of ski patrollers can successfully complete an AED training course, with good skill retention both after the ski season and at the beginning of the following season.     

医学生生活满意度与心理健康的相关分析

采用生活满意度指数B量表、症状自评量表对553名大学生进行测试。以探讨苏北地区医学生生活满意度与心理健康的关系。结果表明:医学类学生生活满意度低于非医学生,存在显著性差异;医学院校与非医学院校学生总体心理健康差异不明显,但医学类学生强迫、人际关系敏感高于非医学类学生(t=1.141,3.041),恐怖、精神病性因子低于非医学类学生(t= 4.893, 2.416)。SCL 90各因子与生活满意度指数呈负相关(P<0.01);因此,心理健康水平与生活满意度指数存在密切联系。     

佛山120急救调度模式下的院内反应时间状况分析及策略

目的对佛山120急救调度模式下的院内反应时间进行分析，提出缩短院内反应时间的策略。方法使用SPSS统计软件对2011年11～12月8点至18点我院急诊科确认并接受的由通讯指挥中心发出的院前急救指令进行随机抽查，对其院内反应时间【A组（急诊医师组）、B组（急诊护士组）、C组（担架员组）和D组（救护车司机组）】进行分析。结果2011年11～12月8点至18点，对佛山市中医院急诊科调度护士接收到的526例院前急救指令进行随机抽查并进行统计。A组院内反应时间（51．58±16．63）S，B组院内反应时间（51．09±16．47）s，C组院内反应时间（59．40±17．06）s．D组院内反应时间（59．30±17．12）s。A、B、C和D组院内反应时间比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。A组和B组较C组和D组的院内反应时间较短，A组和B组间无统计学意义（P〉0．0083），C组和D组间无统计学意义（P〉0．05）．A组和B组与C组和D组间的差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。我院急诊科综合院内平均反应时间（59．69±16．78）s．2min内出车率100％。比广州市120急救网络医院的院内反应时间短，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论因地制宜，制定相关策略缩短院内反应时间。     

颈椎损伤患者的后送体会1例

我国是地震灾害最频发的国家之一。近年发生的较大地震有四川汶川地震、青海玉树地震、云南彝良地震及最近发生的四川芦山地震。地震灾难不仅能在瞬间夺走人们宝贵的生命,而且还会留下大量伤员。据统计,由地震造成的受伤人数是死亡人数的3倍〔1〕。如何及时、有效地后送地震伤员,对于降低死亡率及致残率意义重大。由于受到     

无线定位技术在门诊信息系统中的应用研究

分析几种无线定位技术的优缺点,介绍其在门诊信息系统中的应用,包括电子导医、无线门诊输液系统、医疗设备与资产管理、药品定位及自动化库存管理、人员定位、呼叫系统以及输液病人体征检测等.     

卵巢过度刺激综合征相关因素分析及中西医结合护理体会

目的 探讨卵巢过度刺激综合征（OHSS）相关因素及中西医结合护理体会.方法 选择2011年5月～2013年5月江苏省中医院采用辅助生殖技术的患者393例,分析并比较OHSS在年龄、体重指数、不孕时间、不孕原因、促排卵方案、HCG当日＞12 mm卵泡数等因素间的分布情况;采用Logistic回归分析对OHSS相关因素进行分析.结果 本组发生OHSS共11例,发生率为2.9％.OHSS患者及无OHSS患者在多囊性卵巢综合征（PCOS）或多囊卵巢（PCO）改变、人体绒膜促性腺激素（HMG）＋人绝经促性腺素（HMG）方案、HCG当日雌激素（E2）值、HCG当日＞12 mm卵泡数等方面差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.PCOS或PCO改变（OR=6.226,P＜0.05）、HCG＋HMG方案（OR=5.475,P＜0.05）、HCG当日E2值（OR=1.480,P＜0.05）、HCG当日＞12 mm卵泡数（OR=2.148,P＜0.05）与OHSS发生相关,且均为危险因素（OR＞1.000）.结论 OHSS是多种因素共同作用的结果,中医特色的舒适护理模式可提高护理服务质量,节约医疗成本,体现以人为本的护理内涵.     

卫生专业技术人员职称评审工作实践及体会

职称评审工作与专业技术人员的切身利益密切相关,也是人事部门的重要工作。对卫生专业技术人员的职称评审,遴选出优秀的专业技术干部,能够有效促进医学院校医、教、研全面发展,进而提高医学院校的整体实力及水平。笔者就职称评审的范围、程序、标准、监督等方面作简单概述,并总结工作经验和体会。     

Abstracts for the 2008 NAEMSP Scientific Assembly

Abstract

Objectives. To date, most patient safety studies have been conducted in relation to the hospital rather than the prehospital setting and data regarding emergency medical services (EMS)-related errors are limited. To address this gap, a study was conducted to gain an in-depth understanding of the views of highly experienced EMS practitioners, educators, administrators, and physicians on major issues pertaining to EMS patient safety. The intent of the study was to identify key issues to give direction to the development of best practices in education, policy, and fieldwork. Methods. A qualitative study was conducted using processes described by Lincoln and Guba (1985) to enhance the quality and credibility of data and analysis. Purposive sampling was used to identify informants with knowledge and expertise regarding policy, practice, and research who could speak to the issue of patient safety. Sixteen participants, the majority of whom were Canadian, participated in in-depth interviews. Results. Two major themes were identified under the category of key issues: clinical decision making and EMS's focus and relationship with health care. An education gap has developed in EMS, and there is tension between the traditional stabilize-and-transport role and the increasingly complex role that has come about through “scope creep.” If, as expected, EMS aligns increasingly with the health sector, then change is needed in the EMS educational structure and process to develop stronger clinical decision-making skills. Conclusion. The results of this study indicate that many individual organizations and health regions are addressing issues related to patient safety in EMS, and there are important lessons to be learned from these groups. The broader issues identified, however, are system-wide and best addressed through policy change from health regions and government.     

Peripheral artery disease: therapeutic advances

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD), usually caused by atherosclerosis, is defined as an obstructive arterial disease of the lower extremities that reduces arterial flow during exercise or, in advanced stages, at rest. It affects more than 8.5 million people in the USA. PAD may appear as an asymptomatic arterial disease with abnormal noninvasive test results, or as a symptomatic disease presenting with atypical limb pain, classic intermittent claudication, or critical limb ischemia. The spectrum of PAD is not a continuum. Patients who present with critical limb ischemia may have experienced minimum symptoms. PAD results in limitation of exercise and walking ability, described as intermittent claudication. Patients with PAD are physically impaired and have a higher risk of cardiovascular events; therefore, the treatment goals are aimed at decreasing their cardiovascular risk, as well as improving exercise and daily functional performance. Apart from supervised exercise, which is a major treatment modality for patients with PAD, as of yet there have been very few significant pharmacological breakthroughs in the treatment of PAD that increases blood flow to the ischemic limb. Although percutaneous intervention has markedly improved the treatment of PAD, bypass surgery continues to play an important role. For the most part medical therapy for PAD is designed as a secondary prevention for cardiovascular risk. These include antiplatelet therapy, statins, ACE-inhibitors, smoking cessation and possibly antihypertensive therapy. Revascularization is most beneficial for patients with lifestyle limiting symptoms, acute or chronic limb ischemia with resting pain or nonhealing ulcers. In the following review article we will try to explore the clinical role of some of the latest developments in this field.     

Treatment adherence following national antiretroviral rollout in South Africa

The national antiretroviral (ARV) programme in South Africa commenced in 2004. ARV drugs became readily available to all South Africans due to the concerted efforts of ‘access to all’ campaigns. This study investigates medication adherence among a sample of South Africans after the ARV rollout in order to gain insight into the adherence challenges they face. A semi-structured questionnaire was completed by 439 participants from across the country. The results show that only 40% of the respondents were able to reach the optimum adherence level of 90% or above. The patients who displayed below-optimum adherence often had not been part of an ARV-preparation programme, did not have HIV-treatment supporters, lacked general knowledge about drug adherence, and felt unsupported by healthcare providers in their day-to-day effort to adhere to their medications. They often had no money for food or transportation, ran out of ARVs for various reasons, suffered from HIV-treatment fatigue, battled with depression, abused alcohol, could not disclose to sexual partners that they were on ARVs, and often had to hide or skip ARV dosages because they feared stigma and discrimination. Suggestions to assist patients to adhere to their ARV medications are made.