Local Discrete Velocity Grids for Multi-Species Rarefied Flow Simulations

This article deals with the derivation of an adaptive numerical method for mono-dimensional kinetic equations for gas mixtures. For classical deterministic kinetic methods, the velocity domain is chosen accordingly to the initial condition. In such methods, this velocity domain is the same for all time, all space points and all species. The idea developed in this article relies on defining velocity domains that depend on space, time and species. This allows the method to locally adapt to the support of the distribution functions. The method consists in computing macroscopic quantities by the use of conservation laws, which enables the definition of such local grids. Then, an interpolation procedure along with a upwind scheme is performed in order to treat the advection term, and an implicit treatment of the BGK operator allows for the derivation of an AP scheme, where the stability condition is independent of the relaxation rate. The method is then applied to a series of test cases and compared to the classical DVM method.     

非医学中心医院复制基于膜解剖的腹腔镜直肠癌根治术的初步经验(附23例报告)

目的:探讨非医学中心医院复制基于膜解剖直肠癌根治术的可行性及应用价值。方法:回顾分析23例腹腔镜直肠癌手术(基于膜解剖术式)患者的临床资料,其中20例行经腹直肠癌根治术(Dixon),3例行经腹会阴联合直肠癌根治术(Miles)。记录手术时间、术中出血量、术后相关并发症情况、术后恢复情况等。结果:23例手术均获成功,手术时间120~280 min,平均(186.1±44.4)min;术中出血量5~60 mL,平均(17.0±14.2)mL;淋巴结数量5~21枚,平均(12.6±4.5)枚;住院8~17 d,平均(10.3±3.0)d。术后1例患者出现吻合口出血,经保守治疗后治愈,无手术死亡病例。结论:基于膜解剖的腹腔镜下直肠癌根治术安全性高,肿瘤根治性较好,可行性高,术者具备扎实的理论知识,操作认真,具备必要的手术器械,配合规范默契,完全可复制,适合在非医学中心医院推广。     

Is a Local Administration of Parathyroid Hormone Effective to Tendon-to-Bone Healing in a Rat Rotator Cuff Repair Model?

To evaluate the effect of local parathyroid hormone (PTH) administration on rotator cuff tendon-to-bone healing in a rat model compared with systemic PTH injection and untreated controls. PTH-alginate scaffold was prepared and sustained release of PTH was confirmed. Bilateral supraspinatus tendon repairs were performed in 39 rats (group 1, supraspinatus repair only; group 2, supraspinatus repair with systemic PTH injection; group 3, supraspinatus repair with local PTH administration via an absorbable scaffold; n = 13 each). Biomechanical (cross-sectional area, mode of failure, load to failure, and ultimate stress: right side) and histological analyses (hematoxylin and eosin stain, Masson's Trichrome stain Picrosirius red stain, Immunohistochemistry for BMP2, PTH1R, ColI, and ColIII: Left side) were performed to evaluate tendon-to-bone healing quality at 8 weeks after repair, and blood test (osteocalcin and procollagen type I N-terminal pro-peptide [PINP] levels) was performed in all rats. There was no intergroup difference in the healing failure rate (p = 0.910) or failure mode (p = 0.585). Biomechanically, subjects in groups 2 and 3 exhibited significantly larger cross-sectional areas and higher ultimate failure loads and ultimate stress than those in group 1 (all p < 0.05); however, no differences were noted between groups 2 and 3 (all p > 0.05). Histologically, groups 2 and 3 exhibited more organized tendon-to-bone interface structures with higher density, parallel orientation, and collagen fiber continuity than group 1 (all p < 0.05 except collagen fiber continuity in group 1 vs. 2); however, no differences in histological parameters between groups 2 and 3 (all p > 0.05). The protein levels of bone morphogenic protein 2, PTH 1 receptor, and collagen I and III and the serum level of PINP were increased in groups 2 and 3 versus group 1 (all p < 0.05) without showing differences between groups 2 and 3 (all p > 0.05). Local PTH administration using an absorbable scaffold improved the biomechanical and histological outcomes of rotator cuff tendon-to-bone healing comparable with systemic PTH injection at 8 weeks after repair in a rat model. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:82–91, 2020     

Hospital and Surgeon Reimbursement Trends for Femoral Neck Fractures Treated With Hip Hemiarthroplasty and Total Hip Arthroplasty

BackgroundThe economic impact of hip fractures on the health care system continues to rise with continued pressure to reduce unnecessary costs while maintaining quality patient care. This study aimed to analyze the trend in hospital charges and payments relative to surgeon charges and payments in a Medicare population for hip hemiarthroplasty and total hip arthroplasty (THA) for femoral neck fracture.MethodsThe 5% Medicare sample database was used to capture hospital and surgeon charges and payments related to 32,340 patients who underwent hemiarthroplasty and 4323 patients who underwent THA for femoral neck fractures between 2005 and 2014. Two values were calculated: (1) charge multiplier (CM, ratio of hospital to surgeon charges), and (2) payment multiplier (PM, ratio of hospital to surgeon payments). Year-to-year variation and regional trends in patient demographics, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), length of stay (LOS), 90-day and 1-year mortality, CM, and PM were evaluated.ResultsHospital charges were significantly higher than surgeon charges and increased substantially for hemiarthroplasty (CM of 13.6 to 19.3, P < .0001) and THA (CM of 9.8 to 14.9, P = .0006). PM followed a similar trend for both hemiarthroplasty (14.9 to 20.2; P = .001) and THA (11.9 to 17.4; P < .0001). LOS decreased significantly for hemiarthroplasty (3.78 to 3.37d; P < .0001) despite increasing CCI (6.36 to 8.39; P = .018), whereas both LOS (3.71 to 3.79 days; P = .421) and CCI (5.34 to 7.08; P = .055) remained unchanged for THA.ConclusionHospital charges and payments relative to surgeon charges and payments have increased substantially for hemiarthroplasty and THA performed for femoral neck fractures.     

以三级综合性医院为主体的“互联网+护理服务”信息平台的构建与运行

目的构建以三级综合性医院为主体的"互联网+护理服务"信息平台并运行,为"互联网+护理服务"试点工作的推进提供参考。方法成立跨部门、多学科的研发小组,依托院内信息化建设集成平台,以互联网为载体,以O2O模式为实施路径,基于J2EE平台,采用Java编程语言和服务器端Java技术开发。21例患者端用户和4名护理人员使用平台,通过量性与质性数据评价平台运行效果。结果 21例患者注册平均时间为(3.21±0.78)min,服务满意度为100%。半结构式访谈患者及护理人员的使用体验,对信息平台操作的便捷性、界面的专业性与设计感、流程的可操作性等感到满意。结论以三级综合性医院为主体的"互联网+护理服务"信息平台的构建基于政策导向与患者需求,以服务安全为核心,具有较好的适用性与易用性。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎定点医院护理质量和安全管理

目的总结新型冠状病毒肺炎定点医院护理质量与安全管理经验,为应对突发公共卫生事件提供借鉴。方法将肿瘤中心改建为符合收治新型冠状病毒肺炎患者标准的定点医院,设14个病区850张床位;与援鄂医疗队共同成立联合护理部,制定护理工作制度和规范,建立护理安全事件处理流程,构建护理质量评价指标;严格督导与质控。结果累计收治患者1 022例,治愈出院763例;三级护理质量控制检查合格率为100%;隔离病区医护人员零感染。结论构建统一的制度、工作流程及质量与安全管理标准,有利于多团队协作工作及同质化管理,从而提高工作效率和质量,确保患者安全。     

PVC材质一次性输注泵在常用局麻药应用中的安全性研究

目的考察一次性使用输注泵与常用局麻药的相容性,评定其在临床常用局麻药物使用中的安全性。方法3种常用局麻药分别与2种液体（生理盐水及乳酸林格氏液）按临床使用浓度配伍,在不同时间点分别采用LC-MS／MS法、光阻法、高效液相色谱法测定邻苯二甲酸二-（2-乙基己基）酯（DEHP）含量、不溶性微粒和药物浓度。结果DEHP含量低于LC-MS／MS测定方法定量下限（0．072gg·mL^-1）,更低于考核标准静脉晶体溶液输注成年人（70kg）DEHP剂量上界估算值（0．005mg·kg^-1·d^-1）;48h内各实验药物在一次性使用输注泵中药物含量相对0h均〉96．0％,受试输注泵与各种药物在48h内未见明显吸附;输注泵中溶液稳定,0h每1mL粒子直径≥10μm粒子数（n=30）（35．13±14．4）粒;每1mL粒子直径≥25μm粒子数（n=30）（0．61±0．49）粒,符合中国药典2010版标准。结论研究表明本一次性使用输注泵应用于3种常用局麻药物较为稳定,其DEHP溶出、不溶性微粒及药物吸附性等方面符合安全使用要求。     

运用工时测定法测算某大型综合医院门诊药房人员配置

目的：通过对门诊药房工作量的系统测算得出门诊药房人员配置方案,给合理配置门诊药房人力资源作参考。方法：运用工时测定法对2013年1~4月在某院门诊药房工作的18名药学专业技术人员每日的工作内容进行跟踪观察与计时。将测算结果录入EXCEL软件建立数据库,对各个岗位的工作量进行分类汇总。将相关参数带入人力编制公式计算所需人数。结果：确定了9项门诊药房工作项目平均操作时间,对其中调配药品和发药两项操作时间进行了细化。根据工作量计算所需药师人数为13.29人,加上门诊药房组长、工勤人员,共15.29人,约16人。结论：运用工时测定法能科学的测算每项工作的耗时。门诊药房的工作人员资质、数量等应以工作量为依据合理配置。