SB‐334867, an orexin receptor 1 antagonist,decreased seizure and anxiety in pentylenetetrazol‐kindled rats

Convulsive seizures are due to abnormal synchronous and repetitive neuronal discharges in the central nervous system (CNS). Finding new therapeutics to overcome the side effects of the current drug therapies and to increase their effectiveness is ongoing. Orexin‐A and orexin‐B are brain neuropeptides originating from postero‐lateral hypothalamic neurons. Studies show that orexins, through activation of OX1 and OX2 receptors, have excitatory effects in the CNS. Accordingly, this study was designed to evaluate the effect of OX1 receptor antagonist (SB‐334867) on seizure‐ and anxiety‐related behaviors of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)‐kindled rats. Kindling was induced by repeated intraperitoneal (IP) injections of PTZ (32 mg/kg) with two‐day intervals for 24 days in male Wistar rats. Three groups received intracerebroventricular (ICV) injections of SB‐334867 (2.5, 5, and 10 μg/rat) before PTZ injections. Two control groups received vehicle (2 μL/rat, ICV) and valproate (26 μg/rat, ICV) before PTZ injections. An extra group of control animals received saline both ICV and IP. Seizure‐related behaviors were monitored for 30 min following PTZ administration. The anxiety‐like behaviors were also assessed using elevated plus‐maze in the first and last days of the study. The results revealed that ICV injection of SB‐334867, mainly at the dose of 10 μg/rat, decreased the median of seizure stages, prolonged the latency and reduced the duration of different seizure stages, and reversed the PTZ‐induced anxiety‐like behaviors. Based on the presented results, it is suggested that pharmacological blockade of the OX1 receptor is a potential target in the treatment of seizure and concomitant anxiety disorders.     

当前国内外互联网药品销售市场调查及模式研究

互联网药品销售是互联网作为商务平台工具的重要体现。本文介绍了国内外互联网药品销售的现状，分析当前国内互联网药品销售的主要模式，并提出相应的建议。     

The use of virtual communities of practice to improve interprofessional collaboration and education: findings from an integrated review

The recent growth in online technology has led to a rapid increase in the sharing of health related information globally. Health and social care professionals are now using a wide range of virtual communities of practice (VCoPs) for learning, support, continuing professional education, knowledge management and information sharing. In this article, we report the findings from a review of the literature that explored the use of VCoPs by health and social care professionals to determine their potential for interprofessional education and collaboration. We employed integrated review methods to search and identify relevant VCoP articles. We undertook searches of PubMed and Google Scholar from 2000, which after screening, resulted in the inclusion of 19 articles. A thematic analysis generated the following key issues related to the use of VCoPs: ‘definitions and approaches’, ‘technological infrastructure’, ‘reported benefits’, ‘participation issues’, ‘trust and privacy and ‘technical ability’. Based on the findings from this review, there is some evidence that VCoPs can offer an informal method of professional and interprofessional development for clinicians, and can decrease social and professional isolation. However, for VCoPs to be successful, issues of privacy, trust, encouragement and technology need to be addressed.     

Exploring Types of Parent–Child Relationship and Internet use across Europe

This article explores internet-related parent–child relationships across twenty-five European countries. Parent–child dyads are analysed in terms of parental mediation, digital competence, and communicative proximity, in order to answer the following research questions: Which types of parent–child relationship with respect to internet use can be found? How do they coincide with developmental, social, and cultural patterns? And how are they distributed across European Union countries? Using data from the EU Kids Online survey, four types of parent–child relationship were identified. The types are shaped by several factors on the level of child, family, and country, with the child's age and internet use being the most important predictors. Based on the prevalence of these family types, six country clusters were identified, which represent technical, social, and cultural contexts shaping the type of internet-related parent–child relationship.     

慕课在产科住院医师规范化培训中的应用

目的产科住院医师工作繁忙,很难进行大规模的规范化培训,因此需要形式灵活、不受时间和场地限制的先进的培训方法。慕课是通过互联网平台进行的由国家教育部门重点推荐的教育模式,文章将慕课应用于产科住院医师培训工作,探讨其教学效果。方法选择在科室进行住院医师规范化培训的医师,随机分为实验组(100人)和对照组(100人),对照组采用常规小讲座、临床实践方法进行住院医师规范化培训,实验组采用慕课教学模式,3个月后,比较两组住院医考试成绩和住院医主观评价结果。结果实验组住院医理论考试成绩和和技能考试成绩均显著优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);实验组住院医对慕课主观评价较高。结论慕课将传统被动的授课模式改为积极主动的学习模式,利用碎片化时间学习,并重视个性化教学,在产科住院医师规范化培训过程中起到了很好的效果。