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81.
Tae Tanaka Katsuko Okuzumi Aikichi Iwamoto Keiichi Hiramatsu 《Journal of infection and chemotherapy》1995,1(1):40-49
Staphylococcus aureus clinical strains isolated in 1982 and 1992 at Tokyo University Hospital were studied for their carriage ofmecA gene, antibiotic susceptibility patterns, toxin production, coagulase isotypes, and ribotyping patterns. ThemecA-carrying strains in 1982 were mostly producers of type-4 coagulase (21 out of 31;68%), but producers of other coagulase types
(type-1,-2,-7) were also found. The degree of methicillin resistance varied but was moderate with these strains (MIC50=16; range, 0.5–512 μg/ml at 32°C with 2% NaCl), and some strains were even judged to be susceptible to methicillin in spite
of their carriage ofmecA gene. In comparison,mecA-carrying strains in 1992 were mostly of single type in terms of production of type 2 coagulase (26 out of 27;96%), and high-level
methicillin resistance (MIC50>-512). Clonal expansion of the coagulase type-2 strain was implicated under selective pressure of antibiotic usage during
the last decade. 相似文献
82.
J. M. Cisneros J. Rodríguez-Baño F. Fernández-Cuenca A. Ribera J. Vila A. Pascual L. Martínez-Martínez G. Bou J. Pachón 《Clinical microbiology and infection》2005,11(11):874-879
Potential risk-factors for the acquisition of imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii were investigated in a cohort study in 25 Spanish hospitals. The clonal relationship among isolates was determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). In total, A. baumannii was isolated from 203 patients, with imipenem-resistant (MIC(90) 128 mg/L) isolates being obtained from 88 patients (43%), and imipenem-susceptible isolates from 115 patients (57%). A wide clonal distribution was observed among the imipenem-resistant isolates, but spread of the same clone among centres was not demonstrated. The results indicated that imipenem-resistant A. baumannii is a widely distributed nosocomial pathogen in Spain and reaches an alarming frequency in some centres. Independent risk-factors for the acquisition of imipenem-resistant A. baumannii were a hospital size of >500 beds (multivariate OR, 6.5; 95% CI, 1.8--23), previous antimicrobial treatment (multivariate OR, 4.3; 95% CI, 1.6--11), a urinary catheter (multivariate OR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.1--6.7) and surgery (multivariate OR, 2; 95% CI, 1.07--3.8). 相似文献
83.
Piperacillin‐tazobactam vs. imipenem‐cilastatin as empirical therapy in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients with febrile neutropenia 下载免费PDF全文
Xiaoli Zhao Quanshun Wang Li Yu Daobin Zhou Wenrong Huang 《Clinical transplantation》2016,30(3):263-269
This randomized, dual‐center study compared the efficacy and safety of piperacillin‐tazobactam (PTZ) and imipenem‐cilastatin (IMP) in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients with febrile neutropenia. HSCT recipients with febrile neutropenia were randomized into two groups receiving either PTZ or IMP as initial empiric antibiotic. Endpoints were defervescence rate after empiric antibiotic for 48 h, success at end of therapy, and side effects. Defervescence within 48 h after empiric antibiotic was observed in 46 patients with PTZ (75.4%) and 59 patients with IMP (95.2%) (p = 0.002). Ten patients (10/46) in the PTZ group and two patients (2/59) in the IMP group switched empiric antibiotics due to recurrent fever (p = 0.005). Success of initial antibiotic with modification was achieved in 34 patients with PTZ (55.7%) and 53 patients with IMP (85.5%) at the end of therapy (p = 0.001). To treat the bacteremia, seven of 10 patients in the PTZ group and one of eight patients in the IMP group needed to switch the empiric antibiotic (p = 0.025). Compared with PTZ, IMP had more gastrointestinal adverse events (p = 0.045). This study demonstrates that IMP had better efficacy than PTZ as an empiric antibiotic for febrile neutropenia in the HSCT setting, but with more gastrointestinal side reactions. 相似文献
84.
Hiroshi Sakata Shizuo Maruyama Toru Ishioka Masaru Shirai 《Journal of infection and chemotherapy》1996,2(3):183-186
Fifty-four very-low birth weight (VLBW) infants with proved or suspected septicemia hospitalized in the neonatal intensive
care unit in Asahikawa Kosei Hospital were treated empirically with imipenem/cilastatin sodium (IPM/CS). IPM/CS was infused
over a 30-minute period at a mean dose of 20.1±1.1 mg/kg (range, 17.4 to 23.4 mg/kg) and given every 12 hours for a period
of 6.1±3.1 days (range, 3 to 16 days). The gestational age of the infants was 26.6±2.1 weeks (range, 24.0 to 31.0 weeks) and
their birth weight was 860±234 g (range, 536 to 1478 g). At the time of initial administration of IPM/CS, the age was 30.5±2.9
days (range, 2 to 77 days), and the body weight was 799±289 g (range, 422 to 1748 g). Though 29 patients were administered
IPM/CS on suspicion of septicemia, the causative organism could not be isolated. Causative organisms were isolated from the
blood in 25 of the 54 patients, and includedAcinetobacter calcoaceticus (n=7),Enterobacter cloacae (n=5), methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus (MRSA; n=5), other gram-negative bacilli (n=5),Staphylococcus epidermidis (n=2), MRSA andKlebsiella pneumoniae (n=1). A clinical cure was achieved in 17 of 25 infants and improvement was noted in an additional 3 infants, while 5 infants
were evaluated as treatment failures. The 5 treatment failure patients were all diagnosed with MRSA infections. No adverse
effects or abnormal laboratory values due to IPM/CS therapy were observed in these infants. 相似文献
85.
Isto Nordback M.D. Jubani Sand M.D. Rauni Saaristo M.D. Hannu Paajanen M.D. 《Journal of gastrointestinal surgery》2001,5(2):113-119
Pancreatic infection is the main indication for surgery and the principal determinant of prognosis in acute necrotizing pancreatitis.
Previous studies on the effects of antibiotics have not, however, uniformly demonstrated any reduction in the need for surgery
or any decrease in mortality among these patients, although the incidence of pancreatic infections was significantly reduced.
This single-center randomized study was designed to compare early vs. delayed imipenem treatment for acute necrotizing pancreatitis.
Ninety patients with acute necrotizing pancreatitis (C-reactive protein >150 mg/L, necrosis on CT) were randomized within
48 hours either to a group receiving imipenem (1.0 g plus cilastatin intravenously 3 times a day) or a control group. Not
included were those who had been started on antibiotics at the referring clinic, those who were taken directly to the intensive
care unit for multiorgan failure, and those who refused antibiotics or might have had adverse reactions. Thirty-two patients
were excluded because they were over 70 years of age (not potentionally operable) or for any study violation. There were 25
patients in the imipenem group and 33 patients in the control group. The main end point was the indication for necrosectomy
due to infection (i.e., after the initial increase and decrease, there was a second continuous increase in temperature, white
blood cell count [>30%] and C-reactive protein [>30%], with other infections ruled out, or bacteria were found on Gram stain
of the pancreatic fine-needle aspirate). In the control group, imipenem was started when the operative indication was fulfilled.
Conservative treatment was continued for at least 5 days before necrosectomy. The study groups did not differ from each other
with regard to sex distribution, patient age, etiology, C-reactive protein concentration, and extent of pancreatic necrosis
on CT. Two (8%) of 25 patients in the imipenem group compared to 14 (42%) of 33 in the control group fulfilled the operative
indications (P = 0.003). Nine patients in the control group responded to delayed antibiotics but five had to undergo surgery. Of those receiving
antibiotics, 2 (8%) of 25 in the early antibiotic (imipenem) group needed surgery compared to 5 (36%) of 14 in the delayed
antibiotic (control) group (P = 0.04). Two (8%) of 25 patients in the imipenem group and 5(15%) of 13 patients in the control group died (P = NS [no significant difference]). Seven (28%) of 25 in the imipenem group and 25 (76%) of 33 in the control group had major
organ complications (P = 0.0003). Based on the preceding criteria, early imipenem-cilastatin therapy appears to significantly reduce the need for
surgery and the overall number of major organ complications in acute necrotizing pancreatitis, and reduces by half the mortality
rate; this is not, however, statistically significant in a series of this size.
Presented at the Forty-First Annual Meeting of The Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract, San Diego, Calif., May 21–24,
2000. 相似文献
86.
《Expert review of anti-infective therapy》2013,11(5):793-809
The threat of antibacterial resistance continues to increase globally, and therapeutic options for the treatment of some serious infectious diseases are diminishing. The carbapenems are a potent class of broad-spectrum drugs, and their stability against hydrolysis by many important β-lactamases make them an important weapon in the treatment of β-lactamase-producing bacterial pathogens. This review focuses on four carbapenems of clinical importance in the USA: imipenem, meropenem, ertapenem and doripenem. After a historical review of carbapenem development, these four carbapenems are evaluated based on their mechanism of action, spectrum of activity, potency, pharmacodynamics, clinical pharmacokinetics, clinical profiles and toxicity issues. 相似文献
87.
目的探讨肺炎克雷伯菌对亚胺培南的耐药性与亚胺培南消耗量的关系。方法统计2008-2012年某院所有住院患者标本分离的肺炎克雷伯菌对亚胺培南的耐药情况,以及同期亚胺培南的消耗量(以亚胺培南使用密度表示),分析两者相关性。结果2008-2012年临床分离的肺炎克雷伯菌分别为174、187、363、290和625株,其占总病原菌检出数的构成比分别为6.88%、7.86%、10.01%、8.07%和11.05%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=16.516,P<0.001)。2008-2012年肺炎克雷伯菌对亚胺培南的耐药率分别为0.00%、0.00%、4.13%、10.34%和25.44%,经Cochran Armitage趋势检验,差异有统计学意义(Z=12.563,P<0.001),即肺炎克雷伯菌对亚胺培南的耐药率呈逐年增加趋势;2008-2012年亚胺培南的消耗量分别为1.24、1.60、2.14、2.78、3.71 DDDs/(1 000住院日),呈上升趋势;亚胺培南消耗量与肺炎克雷伯菌对亚胺培南的耐药率变化呈正相关(R=0.966,P=0.007)。结论2008-2012年肺炎克雷伯菌对亚胺培南的耐药性逐年升高,与亚胺培南的消耗量密切相关,应加强对肺炎克雷伯菌的耐药性监测,并合理使用亚胺培南等碳青霉烯类抗生素。 相似文献
88.
目的 分析亚胺培南/西司他丁治疗儿童异基因造血干细胞移植(Allo-HSCT)早期合并感染的疗效.方法 本院儿科2008年10月-2010年7月共收治Allo-HSCT患儿75例.其中男55例,女20例;年龄0.8~15.0岁.对75例儿童Allo-HSCT治疗过程中感染发生部位及时间、临床标本病原菌分布及亚胺培南/西司他丁治疗后的转归情况进行分析,治疗效果根据卫生部新药临床研究指导原则标准进行评定.结果 感染发生于Allo-HSCT后0~10 d.75例患儿经抗感染及支持治疗,痊愈52例(69.3%);显效+进步9例(12.0%);总有效61例(81.3%).结论 应用亚胺培南/西司他丁治疗儿童Allo-HSCT合并早期感染,疗效可靠,具有疗效快、作用显著的特点. 相似文献
89.
Pharmacokinetics of Imipenem/Cilastatin Burn Intensive Care Unit Patients Undergoing High‐Dose Continuous Venovenous Hemofiltration 下载免费PDF全文
90.
Lee K Kim MN Kim JS Hong HL Kang JO Shin JH Park YJ Yong D Jeong SH Chong Y;KONSAR Group 《Yonsei medical journal》2011,52(5):793-802