Synthesis of High‐Molecular‐Weight Brush Polymers via RAFT Polymerization within the Micellar Nanoreactor of a PEG‐Based Macromonomer

The RAFT polymerization of an amphipathic PEG‐based macromonomer (mPEG‐g‐S) in water is performed. It is found that the polymerization proceeds via a micellar polymerization process. The polymerization kinetics, polymer chain extension, and polymer particle evolution of RAFT micellar polymerization are evaluated. It is demonstrated that the polymerization possesses a fast rate and high monomer conversion due to locally concentrating and orienting the hydrophobic polymerizing groups within the micellar nanoreactor. Moreover, the RAFT micellar polymerization is under good control since the polydispersity index (PDI) value of the synthesized brush copolymer is below 1.3 in most cases, even under polymerization conditions with the ratio of RAFT agent to macromonomer at 1:400. Polymerization leads to the formation of a completely grafted brush copolymer, and the as‐synthesized brush copolymer will self‐assemble into spherical particles during the polymerization process. This strategy is anticipated to be an efficient way for the controlled synthesis of completely grafted brush polymers with high molecular weights and their corresponding self‐assembled particles.

     

广东省2009-2013年保健食品违法广告调查分析

目的 调查分析2009-2013年广东省保健食品违法广告的违法特点,为规范保健食品广告的发布提供研究参考.方法 从广东省食品药品监督管理局官方网站汇总广东省2009-2013年保健食品生产经销单位违法保健食品广告的通知公告,并对所获得信息进行整理分析.以保健食品常见功能作为划分点,建立违法次数的统计表从而进行数据研究.结果 保健食品违法广告中的保健食品主要是免疫调节类功能,夸大产品功效是保健食品违法广告的最主要表现形式.结论 针对保健食品违法广告存在的问题,提出相关的对策:完善保健食品广告的法律法规,改革保健食品广告审批权与管理权分离的体制,建立保健食品违法广告的公众监督查询平台系统等.     

RAFT Dispersion Polymerization of Styrene in Water/Alcohol: The Solvent Effect on Polymer Particle Growth during Polymer Chain Propagation

The RAFT polymerization of styrene in a solvent consisting of a water/alcohol mixture with different water contents is performed and the solvent effects on polymerization kinetics, polymer chain propagation, and polymer particle growth are evaluated. It is found that the solvent affects the RAFT polymerization kinetics greatly, and the apparent polymerization rate constant (K_p ^app) increases with an increase in the water content of the water/alcohol mixture. In addition, RAFT polymerization in a water/alcohol mixture with a higher water content affords better control of the polydispersity index (PDI) of the synthesized polymers. Furthermore, the solvent also exerts a great influence on the growth of the polymer particles. Hollow particles are formed either at the initial polymerization with low monomer conversion or in the solvent with a low water content, whereas solid polymer particles are produced either at high monomer conversion or in the solvent with a high water content.

     

Free‐Radical Polymerization of N‐Vinylimidazole and Quaternized Vinylimidazole in Aqueous Solution

Aqueous‐phase free‐radical batch polymerizations of N‐vinylimidazole (NVI) and quaternized N‐vinylimidazole (QVI) are conducted with varying initial monomer and initiator concentrations at 70 and 85 °C. The polymerization rate of NVI is very slow at the natural pH of 9 due to degradative radical addition to monomer. The rates are increased by lowering the pH, wherein the degradative addition to NVI monomer is partially (at pH 4) and completely (at pH 1) hindered, with the polymerization rate matching that of QVI at pH 1. The initial rates of polymerization for both NVI and QVI are independent of temperature. A kinetic model developed in Predici that includes the pH‐dependent side reactions can reasonably represent both QVI and NVI polymerization.

     

UPLC-MS/MS法测定抗风湿中成药及保健品中非法添加10种抗风湿性化学成分

目的 建立UPLC-MS/MS法检测中成药及保健品中非法添加的10种抗风湿类化学成分的含量。方法 以ACQUITY UPLC BEHC₁₈（50 mm×2.1 mm,1.7 μm）为色谱柱,以含0.1%乙酸0.02 mol/L醋酸铵溶液-乙腈为流动相梯度洗脱,体积流量为0.3 mL/min;质谱采用电喷雾离子源（ESI）,多反应监测（MRM）模式进行定性定量分析。结果 10种化学物质的质谱检测线性范围宽,线性关系良好,r ≥ 0.996 1,平均方法回收率为92.5%~101.8%,RSD为0.9%~3.1%,检出限为0.001 5~0.018 μg,定量限为0.004 5~0.55 μg,27批样品中有10批样品检出了非法添加的化学物质。结论 本方法操作简单,灵敏度高,结果准确,可作为抗风湿类中成药及保健品中非法添加化学物质的测定方法。     

Iodinated curcumin bearing dermal cream augmented drug delivery,antimicrobial and antioxidant activities

Objectives: Curcumin (Cur) exhibits weak microbicidal activity owing to high lipophilicity and low cell permeability. Therefore, in the present investigation, Cur was iodinated using elemental iodine (I₂) to synthesise Cur–I₂ powder that was later formulated as Cur–I₂ dermal cream and characterised in vitro for antimicrobial and antioxidant activities.

Methods and results: Electrophilic addition of I₂ saturated the olefinic bonds of Cur, as confirmed by UV/visible spectroscopy, FT-IR, ¹H NMR and DSC techniques. In addition, in vitro skin permeation and retention analysis indicated that Cur–I₂ cream followed the first order and Higuchi model for drug release through the rat skin. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Cur–I₂ powder was measured to be 60 and 90?µg/ml significantly (p?Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, respectively. Moreover, Cur–I₂ also exhibited strong antioxidant potential.

Conclusions: Cur–I₂ cream warrants further in vivo study to scale up the technology for clinical translation.     

新医改形势下药师参与住院药费控制成效分析

目的:通过对药师参与住院药费控制的成效分析,旨在为医改形式下药师参与药费控制提供参考借鉴。方法:在医院政策支持下,各部门密切协作,药师参与药费控制,采取系列措施:制定辅助用药目录与排他性药物目录、开展处方点评、利用信息手段实施事前干预、鼓励药师事前干预/在线干预、开展临床合理用药宣教等。统计分析药师参与住院药费控制前后西成药占比、医院自制药及中药占比、主要治疗药物及辅助用药占比、人均总费用及人均药费的变化。结果:住院西成药占比降低10.65%,达到医院预期目标。其中辅助用药下降幅度最大;零加成后主要治疗用药占比上升21.15%,医院自制药品及中药占比上升173.23%。人均药费及人均总费用较前减少不明显,符合医改总体目标。结论:新医改形式下药师参与住院药费控制成效显著,可发挥不可替代的职业价值。     

保健食品中新型二硫代卡地那非类似物的分析鉴定

目的 鉴定保健食品中非法添加的一个未知结构的二硫代卡地那非类似物。方法 采用高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器联用（HPLC-DAD）技术进行补肾壮阳类保健食品非法添加筛查时发现一个未知结构的二硫代卡地那非类似物,经过正相硅胶薄层色谱分离纯化得到目标化合物后,用超高效液相色谱-二级质谱联用（UPLC-MS/MS）技术获得其准分子离子和二级质谱图,用核磁共振得到碳谱和氢谱数据,结合文献分析,最终鉴定该化合物的结构。结果 在保健食品中发现了一个新型二硫代卡地那非类似物,结构为3,5-二甲基哌嗪基二硫代去甲卡地那非。结论 该化合物不在现有补肾壮阳类中成药检验标准的13种目标化合物范围内,是一种新的非法添加化学物质。     

基于网络搜索快速鉴定抗风湿类中成药和保健食品中非法添加的非那西丁及小檗碱

目的 鉴定抗风湿类中成药和保健食品中非法添加的2个未知成分。方法 采用高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器联用（HPLC-DAD）技术进行抗风湿类中成药和保健食品非法添加筛查时发现2个可疑色谱峰,采用UPLC-MS/MS技术获得其准分子离子和二级质谱图,然后通过网络搜索分析初步确定可疑成分,最后与对照品比较检测,最终确定2个非法添加化合物的结构。结果 在抗风湿类保健食品中检出盐酸小檗碱,中成药中检出非那西丁。结论 这2个化合物不在现有抗风湿类中成药和保健食品检验标准13种目标化合物范围内,容易逃脱标准监管范围。