Gold-silver-palladium alloys for laser irradiation —Effects of gold addition—

The clasp arms are fatigued by wearing a denture, by taking it off, and by occlusion. We routinely use laser irradiation to harden only the surface layer of clasp arms consisting of gold-silver-palladium alloy partially hardened by laser irradiation to resist fatigue. Recently we tested laser irradiation on silver-palladium-copper alloys, and obtained the following results:

Guidelines for research on drugged driving

AIMS: A major problem in assessing the true public health impact of drug-use on driving and overall traffic safety is that the variables being measured across studies vary significantly. In studies reported in a growing global literature, basic parameters assessed, analytical techniques and drugs tested are simply not comparable due to lack of standardization in the field. These shortcomings severely limit the value of this research to add knowledge to the field. A set of standards to harmonize research findings is sorely needed. This project was initiated by several international organizations to develop guidelines for research on drugged driving. METHODS: A September 2006 meeting of international experts discussed the harmonization of protocols for future research on drugged driving. The principal objective of the meeting was to develop a consensus report setting guidelines, standards, core data variables and other controls that would form the basis for future international research. A modified Delphi method was utilized to develop draft guidelines. Subsequently, these draft guidelines were posted on the internet for global review, and comments received were integrated into the final document. RESULTS: The Guidelines Document is divided into three major sections, each focusing upon different aspects of drugged driving research (e.g. roadside surveys, prevalence studies, hospital studies, fatality and crash investigations, etc.) within the critical issue areas of 'behavior', 'epidemiology' and 'toxicology'. The behavioral section contains 32 specific recommendations; (2) epidemiology 40 recommendations; and (3) toxicology 64 recommendations. CONCLUSIONS: It is anticipated that these guidelines will improve significantly the overall quality of drugged driving research and facilitate future cross-study comparisons nationally and globally.     

Structure activity relationship studies of anti-inflammatory TMMC derivatives: 4-Dimethylamino group on the B ring responsible for lowering the potency

We previously synthesized 2',4',6'-tris(methoxymethoxy)chalcone (TMMC) derivatives with various substituents on the A ring that showed potent anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting NO production in RAW 264.7 cells. The 2'-hydroxy group on the A ring could elevate the electrophilicity of Michael addition of GSH and electron donating groups on the A ring could stabilize the GSH adduct by decreasing the acidity of the alpha-hydrogen. Using this interpretation, we tested various substituents on the B ring and established a proper balance between biological activity and the position of the electron donating or electron withdrawing groups on the B ring. In this case, the 2'-hydroxy group was excluded because it could cause the formation of GSSG through a phenoxy radical and can confuse the interpretation of the biological results. Chalcone derivatives without 2'-hydroxy are likely to deplete cellular GSH levels by a Michael addition process. Strong electron donating groups on the B ring, such as 4-dimethylamino group, gave the weakest inhibition of NO production. A 4-dimethyamino group on the B ring could decrease the stability of the GSH adduct by weakening the C-S bond strength through movement of an electron pair on nitrogen via an aromatic ring.     

HPLC-MS/MS同时测定尿酸调节类中药及含中草药食品中22种非法添加药物

目的 采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定尿酸调节类中药及含中草药食品中22种非法添加药物。方法 样品经含0.1%氨水的甲醇超声提取后,采用Agilent Poroshell 120 Bonus-RP(2.1 mm×100 mm,2.7μm)色谱柱进行分离,以甲醇-乙腈(1∶1)和0.005 mol·L^-1甲酸铵溶液为流动相梯度洗脱。采用电喷雾离子源正、负离子模式,以多反应监测扫描方式检测。结果 22种药物在10.0～200μg·L^-1内线性关系良好,相关系数r²均>0.99,检测限和定量限分别为0.125～0.750 mg·kg^-1和0.416～2.81 mg·kg^-1,平均回收率为80.2%～120.1%,RSD为1.1%～5.9%。收集的37批样品中均未检出非法添加的药物。结论 该方法操作简单、快速、灵敏度高,可实现同时检测尿酸调节类中药及含中草药食品中22种非法添加药物。     

Linear Addition Polymers and Cyclic Oligomers of N,N‐Diglycidyl Aniline and Amines. Uncrosslinked Epoxide–Amine Addition Polymers, 46

The addition polymerization of N,N‐diglycidyl aniline (DGA) and disecondary diamines leads to linear addition polymers with molecular weights ranging from 2 500 to 9 100 Da respectively. Their relatively broad molecular weight distribution (M̄_w /M̄_n = 5.5 to 17) is caused by the formation of small amounts of cyclic oligomers. Surprisingly, the addition polymerization of primary monoamines and DGA results in the formation of oligomers only. These oligomers have molecular weights between 684 and 1 165 g·mol^–1. ¹³C NMR spectra proof that during addition reaction no side‐reaction took place and that the epoxide end groups were completely consumed. Obviously, the addition products mainly consist of cyclic oligomers. In the MALDI‐TOF mass spectra cyclic oligomers of repeat units between n = 1 and n = 7 were observed. The kinetics of the addition polymerization can be described by both a formal model and the smallest necessary set of elementary reactions. In order to find the optimum parameters, the set of differential equations was solved numerically by multivariate non‐linear regression. The perfect agreement between model calculations and experimental curves allows reliable predictions of the reaction behavior for arbitrary temperature–time profiles.     

驻景丸、加减驻景丸、驻景丸加减方的溯源及其在眼科的应用

通过驻景丸、加减驻景丸、驻景丸加减方的溯源及其在眼科的应用,认为加减驻景丸和驻景丸加减方在驻景丸治疗肝肾俱虚的基础上有所发展,临床上只有掌握各方的用药特点,才能取得更好的疗效。     

炙甘草汤和生脉散加减治疗小儿气阴亏虚型病毒性心肌炎的临床观察

目的探讨炙甘草汤和生脉散加减治疗小儿气阴亏虚型病毒性心肌炎(VMC)的临床效果。方法选取2018年3月至2020年3月于灵宝市第一人民医院接受治疗的93例气阴亏虚型VMC患儿,依据抽签法分为对照组(n=46)与观察组(n=47)。两组均接受常规治疗,在此基础上,对照组采用灸甘草汤治疗,观察组采用炙甘草汤和生脉散加减治疗,治疗30 d后,比较两组中医症候积分、炎性指标及心肌标志物。结果治疗30 d后,两组中医症候积分、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-6(IL-6)水平均低于治疗前,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗30 d后,两组肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)、N末端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)水平均低于治疗前,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论气阴亏虚型VMC患儿采用炙甘草汤和生脉散加减治疗效果显著,可有效抑制机体炎性反应,修复坏死的心肌细胞,有利于促进临床体征恢复。     

桃红四物汤合四妙散加减治疗急性下肢DVT的临床观察

目的 观察桃红四物汤合四妙散加减治疗急性下肢深静脉血栓的临床疗效。方法 将我院确诊为急性下肢深静脉血栓且中医辨证为湿热下注型的150例患者,随机分成研究组和对照组,每组75例;对照组单用西药治疗,研究组在西药治疗的基础上加用桃红四物汤合四妙散加减汤口服;比较两组凝血指标、患肢肿痛减轻及肿胀消退时间、治疗后血管再通情况、两组治愈率。结果 研究组PT、APTT、TT时间长于对照组,显示改善凝血作用优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。两组FbgC.均在正常范围内,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,研究组肿痛减轻时间为（3.35±0.83）d,少于对照组的（4.65±0.79）d,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;研究组肿胀消退时间为（4.25±0.14）d,少于对照组的（6.55±1.61）d,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;研究组血管完全再通比例（46.67%）高于对照组（33.33%）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;研究组（46.67%）治愈率明显高于对照组（33.33%）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;两组治疗过程中均未出现皮肤黏膜瘀斑、牙龈出血、排黑便、头痛、胸痛、呼吸困难等情况。结论 对湿热下注型急性下肢DVT的患者,治疗上采用西药联合桃红四物汤合四妙散加减汤治疗急性下肢DVT的临床疗效明显优于单用西药,且未增加用药风险。