儿童急性白血病伴侵袭性肺部真菌感染的临床特点、真菌分布及影响因素分析

目的 分析儿童急性白血病伴侵袭性肺部真菌感染（IPFI）的临床特点、真菌分布及影响因素。方法 回顾性分析2018年1月—2022年12月安徽省儿童医院82例急性白血病患儿的临床资料,按照是否合并IPFI分为IPFI组（18例）和非IPFI组（64例）。比较两组患儿的一般临床资料;采用多因素一般Logistic回归模型分析儿童急性白血病伴IPFI的危险因素;分析IPFI组患儿的临床特征、真菌菌种分布。结果 18例IPFI患儿均有不同程度的发热,体温>38.5℃占比72.22%,咳嗽咳痰/白色黏痰占比83.33%;18例IPFI患儿中5例表现为结节实变影,7例表现为多发斑片状阴影,8例表现为散在斑片状阴影合并小结节,2例表现多发云雾状毛玻璃样高密度影、间质病变为主。16例获得真菌微生物学证据,血培养2例,肺泡灌洗液涂片1例,血或者肺泡灌洗液NGS检测13例,其中以毛霉菌（31.25%）、曲霉菌（25.00%）、近平滑假丝酵母菌（18.75%）为主;多因素一般Logistic回归分析结果显示,化疗方案含激素■、中性粒细胞缺乏时间≥10 d[■]、抗菌药物使用种类≥2种■均是儿童急性白血...     

The regional distribution of adenosine-regulating enzymes in the left and right ventricle walls of control and hypertrophic heart

Summary The transmural distribution of the adenosine-generating enzyme 5-nucleotidase (5N) and of the adenosine-degrading enzymes adenosine deaminase (ADA), AMP deaminase (AMP-D) and adenosine kinase (Ado-K) were determined across the walls of left and right ventricles of control and hypertrophic rat hearts.The enzyme distribution across the left ventricle wall (but not across the right wall) of normal hearts was not uniform: 5N activity shows its highest levels in the subepicardial and in the subendocardial regions, whereas all the other enzyme activities show their lowest levels. A similar pattern of transmural distribution was also detected in other mammalian species (ox and pig).In the experimental cardiac hypertrophy, caused by two different types of chronic cardiac overload, the levels and the profiles of transmural distribution of 5N and ADA enzyme activities may significantly change across the rat left ventricle wall.     

Distribution of 2-naphthol sulphotransferase and its endogenous substrate adenosine 3′-phosphate 5′-phosphosulphate in human tissues

The activity of sulphotransferase towards 2-naphthol and the concentration of its endogenous substrate, adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-phosphosulphate (PAPS), have been measured in five specimens of human liver, lung, and kidney, and the mucosa from the ileum and the ascending, descending and sigmoid colon. The activity of 2-naphthol sulphotransferase (mean nmol.min-1.mg-1 protein) was 1.82 (liver); 0.034 (kidney); 0.19 (lung); 0.64 (ileum); 0.47 (ascending colon); 0.50 (descending colon); 0.40 (sigmoid colon). The concentration of PAPS (mean nmol.g-1 wet tissue) was 22.6 (liver); 4.8 (kidney); 4.3 (lung); 12.8 (ileum); 8.1 (ascending colon); 7.5 (descending colon); 6.2 (sigmoid colon). The concentration of PAPS and the activity of 2-naphthol sulphotransferase were higher in the liver than in the extrahepatic tissues. There was significant difference between ileum and ascending colon, both the activity of sulphotransferase and the concentration of PAPS being higher in the former. 2-Naphthol sulphotransferase activity and the concentration of PAPS have consistent distribution patterns. Differences between the tissues studied were more marked for sulphotransferase than for its endogenous substrate.     

携带肝细胞生长因子基因重组质粒在大鼠体内的组织分布研究

目的 研究携带肝细胞生长因子基因的重组质粒（pUDKH）经肌肉注射给药后在大鼠体内的组织分布及其与大鼠基因组DNA的整合情况。 方法 二级Wistar大鼠雌雄各20只，按体重和取样时间的不同随机分为12h、24h、3d、7d、14d、21d的各实验组（给予pUDKH，2．0mg／kg）和注射后3d取样的对照组（给予PBS，200ul／只），依次将各组大鼠摘眼球取血后脱臼处死，按脑、心、肺、胸腺、肝、肠系膜淋巴结（MLN）、脾、肾、生殖腺、左腿肌肉、右腿肌肉的顺序取样。经典酚／氯仿抽提法提取各组织总DNA，应用紫外分光光度计测定其浓度和纯度，PCR方法检测其中的D肌动蛋白基因；巢式PCR检测各组织总DNA中pUDKH的分布情况；ApnL I酶切分离pUDKH分布阳性各组织中的pUDKHDNA和基因组DNA，巢式PCR检测pUDKHDNA与基因组DNA的整合情况。 结果 各组织总DNA浓度与纯度均符合实验需要，并适于采用PCR或巢式PCR方法进行体内组织分布及基因组DNA整合情况检测。巢式PCR检测显示，在各时间点的右腿肌肉与外周血、注射后3和7d的肝脏、3和14d的生殖腺、7d的胸腺、7和14d的MLN与左腿肌肉等组织中pUDKH分布均呈阳性，而在各时间点的脑、心、肺、脾、肾等组织中pUDKH分布均呈阴性。pUDKH分布阳性的各组织中均未检测到pUDKHDNA与基因组DNA的整合。 结论 pUDKH经肌肉注射给药后，在各时间点大鼠体内各组织中呈现不同的分布谱。在pUDKH分布阳性的各组织中，pUDKHDNA与基因组DNA发生随机整合的概率较低。     

Distribution of thietazole in organs and tissues of rats after single and repeated administration

We studied the kinetics of thietazole distribution in the liver, brain, kidneys, spleen, heart, skeletal muscles, lungs, adipose tissue, and testicles after single and repeated administration of this drug. Single and repeated administration of thietazole was followed by elimination of this drug from the blood into organs and tissues. After repeated administration, thietazole was selectively accumulated in the spleen. __________ Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 145, No. 5, pp. 555–557, May, 2008     

Inputs from the olfactory bulb and olfactory cortex to the entorhinal cortex in the cat

Summary The spatial organization and laminar distribution of projections from the olfactory bulb and the anterior (PPCa) and posterior (PPCp) divisions of the prepiriform cortex to the entorhinal cortex were studied with anterograde (³H-leucine) and retrograde (WGA-HRP) tracing techniques. After ³H-leucine injections into the olfactory bulb transported labeling was seen over the lateral entorhinal area, except its most medial part, and over the rostral part of the medial entorhinal area. The labeling covers exclusively layer Ia. The lateral and medial entorhinal areas are also reached by fibers from the prepiriform cortex. The projection to the medial entorhinal area has not been described previously. Following injections of ³H-leucine into the PPCa transported labeling is present over the entire expanse of the entorhinal cortex and is located over layer Ib with the greatest density in its superficial part. Injections of ³H-leucine into the PPCp give rise to transported labeling over much of the entorhinal cortex. No labeling was found over the most medial parts of the medial subdivision (VMEA) of the lateral entorhinal area and the medial entorhinal area. Labeling occupies layer Ib, especially its middle part, and layers II and III. Both PPCa and PPCp appear to project most heavily to the dorsal (DLEA) and ventral (VLEA) subdivisions of the lateral entorhinal area. From the retrograde experiments it can be inferred that cells of layers II and III of the PPCa project predominantly to the DLEA, whereas those of the PPCp project predominantly to the VLEA. The MEA receives its heaviest projection from layer II of both PPCa and PPCp. In control experiments with ³H-leucine injections into the endopiriform nucleus it was found that this nucleus projects to the entire expanse of the entorhinal cortex. The fibers distribute to all layers with the exception of layer Ia.Abbreviations AI agranular insular cortex - AL lateral nucleus of the amygdala - BL basolateral nucleus of the amygdala - BM basomedial nucleus of the amygdala - C claustrum - CoA cortical nucleus of the amygdala - DLEA dorsal division of the lateral entorhinal cortex - END endopiriform nucleus - H hippocampus - I granular insular cortex - lot lateral olfactory tractus - MCL mitral cell layer of the olfactory bulb - MEA medial entorhinal area - OB olfactory bulb - PPCa anterior part of the prepiriform nucleus - PPCp posterior part of the prepiriform nucleus - VLEA ventral division of the lateral entorhinal cortex - VMEA ventromedial division of the lateral entorhinal cortex - 35 area 35 of the perirhinal cortex - 36 area 36 of the perirhinal cortex     

Pattern of spatial distribution inDrosophila melanogaster

The effect of temperature and sex on spatial distribution ofDrosophila melanogaster adults was studied in a specially designed apparatus. It was observed that individuals tend to aggregate in sections of the sphere independently of sex and temperature. Nevertheless, decrease in temperature increase aggregation. The mobility of both males and females indicates a megative geotactic tendency.     

Polyethylenes Having Well‐Defined Bimodal Molecular Weight Distributions Formed with Bis(phenoxy‐imine) Zr Complexes

Summary: Bis(phenoxy‐imine) Zr complexes with MAO activation can produce polyethylenes with well‐defined bimodal molecular weight distributions. Polymerization behavior indicates that minor changes in the ligand structures can have a significant effect on the modality of the resulting polyethylenes. Although there is no direct relationship between the bimodal catalytic behavior and the structure of a precatalyst complex in solution, a precatalyst complex having a methyl or methoxy group para to the phenoxy‐oxygen inclined to exhibit bimodal behavior whereas that with a pentafluorophenyl group on the imine‐nitrogen displayed unimodal behavior. Polymerization results suggest that bimodal behavior is linked to the presence of two kinds of cationic active species, which arise from different modes of ligand coordination. A qualitative correlation was found between the calculated amounts of possible cationic active species and the uni‐ and bimodal catalytic behavior. Based on the results obtained, we concluded that the bimodal polyethylenes are produced by two kinds of cationic active species having two available cis‐located sites with cis‐N, trans‐O and cis‐N, cis‐O arrangements. The results introduced herein are rare examples of the production of well‐defined bimodal polyethylenes using a single precatalyst.

Bis(phenoxy imine) Zr complexes can produce well‐defined bimodal polyethylenes.     

磷酸化的细胞外信号调节蛋白激酶1/2在正常小鼠脑内的免疫细胞化学定位

细胞外信号调节蛋白激酶(ERK)1/2是重要的信号转导分子。现已知在正常动物的中枢神经系统内有其活化形式即磷酸化的ERK1/2(pERK1/2)分子的存在,但其在小鼠脑内的分布目前还没有全面的观察。本研究用免疫组织化学技术(ABC法)研究了pERK1/2样免疫反应阳性产物在脱臼处死的正常小鼠全脑内的分布。结果发现pERK1/2在正常小鼠脑内有广泛的表达,阳性产物主要存在于神经元,亦见于个别白质内的胶质细胞,脑膜及室管膜细胞也有表达。强阳性表达的核团主要有:岛皮质、视听皮质、边缘前皮质、扣带前皮质、海马垂直部、弓状核、蓝斑和小脑Purkinje细胞;中等阳性表达的核团主要有:感觉运动皮质、外侧隔区、内侧杏仁核、皮质杏仁核和外侧杏仁核、丘脑室旁核前部、视交叉上核、穹隆下器、终板血管器、前腹侧视前核和下丘脑背内侧核;弱阳性表达的核团主要有:视上核、下丘脑室旁核大细胞部、下丘脑后区、顶盖前区、室周灰质腹外侧柱、A5区、孤束核和延髓腹外侧网状结构等。本文结果观察到pERK1/2在正常小鼠脑内广泛存在,提示pERK1/2作为重要的信号转导分子,可能参与许多脑区在正常状态下的功能活动,揭示其分布特点为了解其在脑内的多样性功能提供了形态学依据。     

Chain Growth Polycondensation as a Polymer Generating Reaction in the Synthesis of Oligo(p‐phenyleneethynylene)s with Low Polydispersity

Summary: The polycondensation of 1‐ethynyl‐2,5‐dihexyl‐4‐iodobenzene in the presence of 1‐ethynyl‐2,5‐dihexyl‐4‐(2‐phenylethynyl)benzene proceeds according to the mechanism of initiated chain growth polycondensation. It has allowed the synthesis of oligomers with a desired molecular weight and a narrow molecular weight distribution. The reasons for the side reaction leading to the formation of diyne compounds are revealed and the presumed mechanism is given. This opens prospects for the preparation of defectless poly(p‐phenyleneethynylene)s with required molecular weights and narrow molecular weight distributions.