Cutaneous nerves in patients with diabetic neuropathy--an electron microscopic study

Since the role of cutaneous nerves in the pathogenesis of cutaneous diseases associated with diabetes mellitus is not well defined, cutaneous nerves in ten patients with severe diabetic neuropathy were electron microscopically investigated as a preliminary study. The specimens were taken from normal-appearing skin of their lower extremities. Cutaneous nerves were seen as axon-Schwann cell complexes in which variously degenerated axons and Schwann cells coexisted with normal ones. The degenerative changes were not, however, specific for diabetes mellitus.     

人血清白蛋白修饰的尿激酶与天然尿激酶的家兔体内过程比较

家兔静注人血清白蛋白修饰的尿激酶(MUK)和天然尿激酶(NUK)40000IU后,MUK 的体内过程符合零级速率过程,NUK 则符合一级速率过程,血纤溶活性 MUK 持续100min,而 NUK 仅20～25min。在“功能性”去除肝肾的家兔,NUK 血浓度半衰期延长3～4倍,而 MUK 血浓度下降与正常家兔相似。MUK 及 NUK 在去除纤溶抑制物的优球蛋白成份中纤溶活性相似,但在血浆中 NUK 仅存24～35%的纤溶活性,MUK 则保留了64～85%的纤溶活性。提示肝肾的摄取、代谢和消除能力降低及对血浆纤溶抑制物抵抗力增强,是 MUK 血纤溶活性长时间维持高水平的主要原因。     

短串联重复序列HumFGA、D3S1359的法医学应用研究

对短串联重复序列（short tandem repeats，STR）的两个高多态位点HumFGA(human alpha fibrinogen，人类α-纤维蛋白原基因)、D3S1359的法医学应用进行研究，并通过实际检测案件统计结果进行评估。实验结果表明：两位点灵敏度高，分别为0.2、0.5ngDNA；同一性和可重复性均较理想；种属特异性好，常见动物未发现扩增产物，仅灵长类动物（黑叶猴和猕猴）有扩增条带；复合扩增体系效果良好；在352次减数分裂中，D3S1359未发现突变，HumFGA检测到1次，突变率为0.28％；实际案件统计和应用结果也显示两位点是多态性高，实用性强的两个遗传标记系统。HumFGA和D3S1359在法医学个人识别与亲子鉴定案例中有较大应用价值。     

Multidrug transport in human glioblastoma cells is inhibited by transforming growth factors type beta 1, beta 2, and beta 1.2

The transforming growth factors type beta 1, beta 2, and beta 1.2 suppress multidrug transport in human pat-1 glioblastoma cells and even in cells that strongly over-express mdr genes and are resistant to inhibition of multidrug transport by chemosensitizers. Thus, inhibition of multidrug transport by cytokines might be a new approach to increase cellular accumulation of chemotherapeutic agents in multidrug resistant glial tumor cells. Interestingly, a member of the more distantly related decapentaplegic subgroup of transforming growth factors, the bone morphogenetic protein BMP 2, did not inhibit multidrug transport.     

bFGF对人毛囊黑素细胞增殖、活化和黑素合成作用的研究

目的　研究碱性成纤维细胞生长因子 (bFGF)对人毛囊黑素细胞 (Hairfolloclemelanocyte ,HFM )增殖活化和黑素合成的影响。方法　体外培养正常人HFM ,观察不同浓度bFGF(0 3～ 1 2ng ml)对HFM形态、增殖、酪氨酸酶活性和黑素含量的影响。结果　bFGF处理HFM 7d后 ,HFM树突增多延长 ,酪氨酸酶活性和黑素含量增加显著高于对照组 (P <0 0 1) ,以 0 6ng ml组为著。结论　bFGF能诱导HFM增殖、酪氨酸酶活性和黑素合成增加     

以病人选择医生为契机 全力推进人事分配制度改革

介绍了邯郸市中心医院在病人选医生中,努力完善制度,提高素质,深化内容,并以此为突破口,建立了灵活、高效的人事分配制度.用较为低廉的医疗费用,为人民群众提供了较好的医疗服务.     

反义人端粒酶RNA组分基因对胃癌细胞端粒酶活性的影响

目的 克隆人胃癌细胞端粒酶RNA组分（hTR）基因片段并构建其正义和反义真核表达载体,研究反义端粒酶RNA对人胃癌细胞株MKN-45端粒酶活性的影响。方法 采用RT-PCH方法从人胃癌细胞株MKN-45中扩增出人hTR部分cDNA序列,将该片段分别正向和反向插入PEF6/V5-His-TOPO载体后构建人端粒酶RNA组分（hTR）基因正、反义真核表达载体,随后采用脂质体转染法将该正、反义载体转染入人胃癌细胞株MKN-45,用TRAP法观察后者端粒酶活性的改变。结果 所克隆的基因片段其碱基序列与文献报导完全一致,且插入载体的方向完全正确。与正常对照、转染正义载体、空载体者比较,转染反义载体者端粒酶活性显著下降。结论 本实验已成功克隆了人端粒酶RNA组分（hTR）基因的部分序列并成功构建hTR正反义真核表达载体,而且反义端粒酶RNA能有效降低人胃癌细胞株MKN-45端粒酶活性。     

Prophylactic human papillomavirus vaccines: the beginning of the end of cervical cancer

Persistent infection with one of the oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) types is a necessity for the development of cervical cancer. By HPV vaccination, cervical cancer could become a very rare disease. Two types of HPV vaccines can be distinguished: (i) therapeutic vaccines which induce cellular immunity targeted against epithelial cells infected with HPV and (ii) prophylactic vaccines inducing virus-neutralizing antibodies protecting against new but not against established infections. At present, several vaccines have been developed and tested in clinical trials. The vaccines are generally well tolerated and highly immunogenic. The current clinical data indicate that prophylactic vaccines are very effective against new persistent infections and the development of cervical intraepithelial lesions. The protection is type specific. However, the follow-up of the vaccination trials is still short. The effect of HPV vaccines on future cancer incidence will only be known after decades of follow-up. This article will address the status of recently terminated phase II and currently running phase III trials with prophylactic HPV vaccines.     

Presence of beta human papillomaviruses in nonmelanoma skin cancer from organ transplant recipients and immunocompetent patients in the West of Scotland

Background  Nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) has been linked to cutaneous human papillomaviruses of the genus beta (betaPV).
Objectives  We sought to assess the presence of betaPV in NMSC biopsies from a group of Scottish skin cancer patients, both immunocompetent (IC) patients and immunosuppressed (IS) organ transplant recipients.
Methods  One hundred and twenty-one paraffin-embedded skin tumours (27 actinic keratosis, 41 intraepidermal carcinoma, 53 squamous cell carcinoma) and 11 normal skin samples were analysed for the presence of betaPV by a polymerase chain reaction–reverse hybridization assay designed to detect the presence of the 25 known betaPV genotypes.
Results  In IC patients, betaPV was detected in 30 of 59 (51%) tumours and two of 11 (18%) normal skin samples ( P  =   0·046). In IS patients, betaPV was found in 27 of 62 (44%) tumours; no normal skin samples were available for comparison. The most frequently found genotypes were HPV-24, HPV-15 and HPV-38. Of those tumours infected with betaPV, 28 of 57 (49%) were infected with more than one genotype (range 2–8). Tumours from IS patients were from a younger age group (mean age 57·4 years) than IC patients (mean age 73·8 years). Multiple infections were more common in tumours from IC patients (21 of 30; 70%) compared with those from IS patients (seven of 27; 26%) ( P  <   0·001). In the IC group, age did not appear to influence the distribution of single and multiple infections whereas in IS patients the proportion of multiple infections to single infections increased with age. There were no multiple infections in normal skin.
Conclusions  A wide spectrum of betaPV types was detected in our samples. Further characterization of betaPV in vivo is needed in order to determine the mechanisms by which the virus contributes to cutaneous carcinogenesis.     

The isoflavones mixture from Trifolium pratense L. protects HCN 1-A neurons from oxidative stress

Oxidative stress-induced neuronal cell death has been implicated in different neurological disorders and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's. Using the Alzheimer's disease-associated hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), we investigated the neuroprotective efficacy of a natural mixture of phytoestrogenic isoflavones (genistein, daidzein, biochanin A and formononetin) from Trifolium pratense L. (Red clover) against oxidative stress-induced cell death in human cortical cell line HCN 1-A maintained in culture. Neuronal viability was determined by MTT or trypan blue test and neuronal integrity by morphological analysis.The results obtained indicate that exposure of HCN 1-A cell cultures to hydrogen peroxide resulted in a concentration-dependent decrease in neuron viability. Concentration of H(2)O(2) ranging from 50 to 200 microg/ml were toxic to these cultures. A 24-hour pretreatment with 0.5, 1 and 2 microg/ml isoflavones extract significantly increased cell survival as evidenced by MTT or trypan blue test and significantly prevented the morphological disruption caused by H(2)O(2) as shown by microscopical inspection, indicating that neurons treated with isoflavones were protected from the cell death induced by H(2)O(2) exposure. These findings imply that the neuroprotective effect of isoflavones extract is partly associated with its antioxidant activity. Further, results of these investigations indicate that although isoflavones extract exert a neuroprotective effect, it do not promoted cortical neuron process outgrowth.