Electronic Structure and Surface Properties of Copper Thiocyanate: A Promising Hole Transport Material for Organic Photovoltaic Cells

Considering the significance of hexagonal copper thiocyanate (β-CuSCN) in several optoelectronic technologies and applications, it is essential to investigate its electronic structure and surface properties. Herein, we have employed density functional theory (DFT) calculations to characterise the band structure, density of states, and the energy-dependent X-ray photoelectron (XPS) valence band spectra at variable excitation energies of β-CuSCN. The surface properties in the absence and presence of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), a solvent additive for improving perovskite solar cells’ power conversion efficiency, have also been systematically characterised. β-CuSCN is shown to be an indirect band gap material (E_g = 3.68 eV) with the valence band edge demonstrated to change from being dominated by Cu-3d at soft X-ray ionisation photon energies to Cu-3p at hard X-ray ionisation photon energies. The adsorption energy of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) on the (100) and (110) β-CuSCN surfaces is calculated at −1.12 and −0.91 eV, respectively. The presence of DMSO on the surface is shown to have a stabilisation effect, lowering the surface energy and tuning the work function of the β-CuSCN surfaces, which is desirable for organic solar cells to achieve high power conversion efficiencies.     

玻璃体切割联合改良倒置内界膜瓣覆盖及自体血封闭术治疗难治性黄斑裂孔

目的　观察玻璃体切割（PPV）联合改良倒置内界膜（ILM）瓣覆盖及自体血封闭术治疗难治性黄斑裂孔（MH）患者的临床疗效。方法　回顾性病例研究。选取2019年1月至2020年6月在南京医科大学眼科医院确诊并行PPV联合改良倒置ILM瓣覆盖及自体血封闭术治疗的难治性MH患者14例14眼纳入研究。所有入组患者均接受经睫状体扁平部三通道23G PPV联合改良倒置ILM瓣覆盖及自体血封闭术。术后至少随访6个月,观察MH闭合情况,计算裂孔闭合率,对比分析最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、微视野检查结果（黄斑10°平均视网膜光敏感度、固视稳定性）等,记录术中及术后并发症。结果　14例14眼难治性MH患者中,术前最小裂孔直径为264～785 μm,基底径为451～1630 μm。术后MH闭合率为100.0%,且随访期间均未见复发。患者术前BCVA为(1.25±0.30) logMAR,术后6个月随访时BCVA为(0.86±0.35) logMAR,差异有统计学意义(P=0.004);术后BCVA 提高12眼,2眼无提高,无视力下降者。患者黄斑10°视网膜平均光敏感度术前、术后6个月分别为（17.64±4.40）dB和（21.87±5.86） dB,差异有统计学意义 (P=0.040)。术前固视不稳定14眼,术后6个月固视稳定11眼（78.6%）,相对稳定2眼（14.3%）,不稳定1眼（7.1%）。术中及随访期间均未见严重并发症发生。结论　PPV联合改良倒置ILM瓣覆盖及自体血封闭术治疗难治性MH安全有效,可提高难治性MH的手术成功率及裂孔闭合率,促进视功能的恢复。     

孔源性视网膜脱离术后黄斑裂孔形成的原因分析

目的　探讨孔源性视网膜脱离术后黄斑裂孔形成的原因。方法　回顾性分析2017年10月至2019年12月武汉大学人民医院东院眼科所有孔源性视网膜脱离手术患者的临床资料,筛选术后发生黄斑裂孔的患者,结合光学相干断层扫描（OCT）检查结果分析黄斑裂孔形成的原因。结果　本研究共纳入孔源性视网膜脱离手术患者409例（423眼）,其中行玻璃体切割术者341眼,行巩膜扣带术者78眼,行巩膜环扎术者4眼。回顾性分析发现,423眼视网膜脱离术后共有3眼患者发生黄斑裂孔,发生率为0.71%;其中2眼为玻璃体切割术后发生,裂孔出现时间分别为术后第21天和第30天,发生率为0.59%;1眼为巩膜扣带术后发生,发生时间为术后第5天,发生率为1.28%。所有黄斑裂孔患者均行玻璃体切割联合内界膜剥除术,术后患者黄斑裂孔均愈合,视力均较术前提高。结论　孔源性视网膜脱离术后出现黄斑裂孔极其少见,除与视网膜前膜相关外,还与黄斑区视网膜脱离、黄斑区残留玻璃体皮质牵拉和气泡对黄斑区的牵拉有关。     

黄斑裂孔面积相关参数在预测特发性黄斑裂孔患者术后裂孔闭合形态中的应用

目的　应用黄斑裂孔面积相关参数预测特发性黄斑裂孔(IMH)患者术后裂孔闭合形态的有效性。方法　将2018年6月至2020年12月因IMH行玻璃体切割联合内界膜剥除术患者共47例47眼纳入本研究。所有患者均行最佳矫正视力（BCVA）、频域光学相干断层扫描(SD-OCT)检查。将黄斑裂孔闭合形态分为1型及2型。计算黄斑裂孔指数（MHI）、裂孔直径指数（DHI）、黄斑裂孔愈合指数（MHCI）和裂孔形成因子（HFF）。采用ImageJ软件获得以下参数:裂孔两侧外界膜断端到光感受器脱离起点的曲线距离（m、n）、黄斑裂孔面积（MHA）、裂孔区视网膜面积（MHTA）、囊腔面积（MHCSA）。计算裂孔面积指数（MHAI）、裂孔区视网膜面积指数（MHTAI）、囊腔面积指数（MHCSAI）。术前与术后3个月患者BCVA行非参数秩和检验;将患者各评估参数、术后视力与裂孔闭合形态行Spearman相关性分析;术前各种黄斑裂孔评估参数进行受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析。结果　1型黄斑裂孔闭合患者术前BCVA与术后3个月比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);2型黄斑裂孔闭合患者术前BCVA与术后3个月比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.09)。IMH患者黄斑裂孔闭合形态与术后BCVA（r=0.57,P=0.000 3）、MHI（r=-0.64,P<0.000 1）、MHCI（r=-0.67,P<0.000 1）、HFF（r=-0.66,P<0.000 1）、MHAI（r=0.70,P<0.000 1)均呈显著相关;与MHTAI（r=-0.48,P=0.04）、MHSCAI（r=-0.49,P=0.04）均呈弱相关;与DHI（r=0.35,P=0.42）无相关性。MHI、DHI、HFF、MHCI、MHAI、MHTAI、MHCSAI的AUC分别为0．921、0.720、0.929、0.944、0.957、0.803、0.806,其cut-off值分别为>0.35、>0.56、<0.56、>0.84、>0.33、<0.39、<0.23。结论　运用ImageJ软件对IMH患者的SD-OCT结果进行分析发现,MHAI、MHCI是预测黄斑裂孔患者术后裂孔闭合形态的最重要指标。     

ICL-V4c植入术治疗超高度近视临床效果

目的：观察新型中央孔型后房型人工晶状体（ICL-V4c）植入术治疗-10 D以上超高度近视的安全性 和有效性,并探讨视力提高情况（△LogMAR）与术前球镜度（SD）之间的关系。方法：回顾性研究。 选取2016年12月至2020年1月于北京同仁医院行ICL-V4c植入术治疗超高度近视患者802例（1 380眼）, 术前SD -23.50～-6.00（-11.54±3.59）D。根据患者术前SD将患者分为A组（-10 D1。△LogMAR和组别之间存在相关性（P<0.001）; B3、B4组患者术后△LogMAR明显高于A、B1、B2组（调整后均P<0.001）。B组患者术后眼压高于 A组（P<0.001）,且术后高眼压的比例更高（P=0.008）。结论：ICL-V4c植入术治疗SD≤-10 D以上的超高度近视是安全、有效的,远期效果需进一步观察;治疗-22～-16 D的超高度近视患者术后收益高于>-16～-6 D的患者。     

复合树脂多色分层美学修复用于Ⅳ类洞的美学探讨

目的:应用多色分层复合树脂修复前牙Ⅳ类洞,观察其美学修复效果。方法:选取40颗Ⅳ类洞患牙,先经牙体预备,而后制备硅橡胶背板,比色,粘结,多色分层树脂修复,最后进行咬合调整,精细抛光,分别于术后1周、3、6、12、24月复查修复体充填效果。结果:36例充填体在24个月内的各项评价指标均达到临床满意的美学效果。结论:多色分层复合树脂修复前牙牙体,在较少磨除牙体组织的同时取得较好的临床美学效果。     

细孔钻颅和小骨窗血肿清除术治疗老年高血压脑出血的疗效对比

目的 对比分析细孔钻颅术血肿抽吸术和小骨窗血肿清除术治疗老年高血压脑出血的疗效、安全性以及预后。方法 选择2014年1月至2015年1月亳州市人民医院收治的80例高血压脑出血患者,采用投掷硬币法将患者随机分为观察组40例及对照组40例,观察组行细孔钻颅血肿抽吸术,对照组行小骨窗血肿清除术,对比两组患者的手术效果、并发症、神经功能恢复情况及生存质量。结果 观察组手术时间、血肿吸收时间和住院时间均显著短于对照组（P<0.05）,观察组血肿清除率、术后恢复率均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,重残率、并发症均低于对照组（5.00% vs 45.00%,20.00% vs 27.50%）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;出院时、术后随访期间美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NIHSS）评分均显著低于对照组（P<0.05）,观察组患者随访6个月、1年生存质量评分均高于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 细孔钻颅术较小骨窗血肿清除术治疗老年高血压脑出血疗效更为显著,并发症发生率低,术后恢复率高,且可明显改善患者神经功能和生存质量。     

Modeling Skull Electrical Properties

Accurate representations and measurements of skull electrical conductivity are essential in developing appropriate forward models for applications such as inverse EEG or Electrical Impedance Tomography of the head. Because of its layered structure, it is often assumed that skull is anisotropic, with an anisotropy ratio around 10. However, no detailed investigation of skull anisotropy has been performed. In this paper we investigate four-electrode measurements of conductivities and their relation to tissue anisotropy ratio (ratio of tangential to radial conductivity) in layered or anisotropic biological samples similar to bone. It is shown here that typical values for the thicknesses and radial conductivities of individual skull layers produce tissue with much smaller anisotropy ratios than 10. Moreover, we show that there are very significant differences between the field patterns formed in a three-layered isotropic structure plausible for bone, and those formed assuming that bone is homogeneous and anisotropic. We performed a measurement of conductivity using an electrode configuration sensitive to the distinction between three-layered and homogeneous anisotropic composition and found results consistent with the sample being three-layered. We recommend that the skull be more appropriately represented as three isotropic layers than as homogeneous and anisotropic.     

The optimization of technological processes,stability and microbiological evaluation of innovative natural ingredients-based multiple emulsion

Abstract

For the last couple of decades, multiple emulsions were prepared either by the re-emulsification of primary emulsion or they were produced by an emulsion inversion and their technological peculiarities were widely investigated. The aim of our study was to investigate and determine the optimal technological parameters of innovative multiple emulsion, prepared directly—by addition of ethanolic rosemary extract in the presence of polymeric emulsifier—and evaluate its stability by experimental surface response design approach. The results revealed that simplified W/O/W emulsification process is stirring time and stirring speed sensitive: the change of stirring time from 5 to 15?min at 600?rpm resulted in increased viscosity (from 1705.6?±?62.2 to 3364.1?±?112.5?mPA/s) and smaller oil droplet size (from 33.09?±?1.51 to 17.81?±?0.78?μm), though the conductivity increased from 800?±?2 to 882?±?2 μS/cm (p?<?.05). The second mixing stage (1000?rpm) had a negative effect on the conductivity of W/O/W emulsion because of the inner aqueous phase encapsulation efficiency. Ethanolic rosemary extract was used as multifunctional agent: not only to form multiple emulsion but also to preserve it; microbiological assay confirmed its effectiveness. A stable W/O/W type drug delivery system was successfully created without additional technological stages, phase inversion or surfactants.     

经脐单孔腹腔镜治疗胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔的临床研究

目的:探讨经脐单孔腹腔镜修补术治疗胃十二指肠溃疡的疗效及其对机体炎症反应的影响。方法:选取2016年10月—2020年5月我院收治的胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔患者90例,采用随机数字表法分为单孔组(n=47)和多孔组(n=43),单孔组行经脐单孔腹腔镜胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔修补术,多孔组行传统多孔腹腔镜胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔修补术。比较两组患者手术情况、胃肠功能恢复情况及术后并发症发生情况;对比两组患者术前、术后1 d、术后7 d及术后14 d 降钙素原(PCT)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)及总免疫球蛋白E(T-IgE)水平。结果:与多孔组比较,单孔组患者术后镇痛剂使用率(18.60% vs 4.26%)、住院时间[(8.54±1.68)vs(7.22±1.43)]明显降低(P<0.05),术后肠鸣音出现时间[(31.15±4.13)h vs(27.70±3.36)h]、胃肠功能恢复时间[(40.74±6.08)min vs(33.58±5.63)min]、首次排气时间[(51.73±6.68)vs(41.13±5.67)]及首次排便时间[(59.52±8.38)vs(46.48±7.12)]均显著缩短(P<0.05)。单孔组术后7 d、14 d,血清PCT、IL-6及T-IgE水平显著低于多孔组[术后7 d,PCT:(0.32±0.15)ng/mL vs (0.43±0.17)ng/mL,IL-6:(1.05±0.26)pg/mL vs (1.15±0.39 )pg/mL,T-IgE:(119.59±28.51)IU/mLvs(125.46±25.63)IU/mL;术后14 d,PCT:(0.27±0.11)ng/mL vs (0.37±0.19)ng/mL,IL-6:(0.94±0.41)pg/mL vs(1.06±0.32)pg/mL,T-IgE:(96.51±32.15)IU/mLvs(102.83±21.36)IU/mL],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。单孔组患者术后并发症发生率为2.12%,显著低于多孔组(13.95%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:经脐单孔腹腔镜修补术治疗胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔疗效显著,能有效缩短患者住院时间,降低患者术后并发症发生率,促进患者胃肠功能恢复,减轻机体炎症反应,具有较好的临床应用价值。