上海市高中生性格特点及其与血型的相关性研究

目的揭示上海市高中生的性格特点,并分析其与血型的相关性。方法通过采用国际上广泛使用的五因素性格测试问卷,对1696名上海市高中生进行性格测试并辅以相关的问卷调查,采用SPSS生物统计学分析软件对所得数据进行分析。结果目前上海市高中生性格相对稳定;女生比男生更加外向且宜人性特征更加显著;高一和高二学生相比,高一学生更加宜人和具有责任心;重点高中学生更加情绪稳定,偏离神经质;更倾向外向性、经验的开放性、宜人性和责任心。大五模型性格特征与血型间不存在相关性。结论目前上海市高中生性格相对稳定,并且与血型之间不存在相关性。后天的培养对高中生性格的形成和发展有不可忽视的重要作用,家庭和学校应在教育过程中对学生良好性格的培养给予足够的重视。     

MSCT引导下经皮肺穿刺对31例周围型肺癌射频消融术的护理

目的探讨MSCT引导下经皮肺穿刺对周围型肺癌射频消融(RFA)术的护理。方法对31例周围型肺癌患者施行MSCT引导下经皮肺穿刺RFA的过程进行配合与护理。结果本组患者术程顺利,其中2例出现气胸,经卧床休息后气体自行吸收,1例出现麻醉后血氧饱和度(SPO2)下降,经改用吸氧加止痛方法后,SPO2恢复正常,全部病例手术均获得成功。结论本术安全有效,围术期积极配合与护理有助于手术顺利完成、及早发现并发症及处理。     

Effects of a 3‐month supplementation with a novel soluble highly viscous polysaccharide on anthropometry and blood lipids in nondieting overweight or obese adults

Background: High viscosity fibre is known to exert many beneficial effects on appetite and metabolism. It could potentially help in weight management, in dieting or nondieting individuals. The present study investigated the effects of the daily intake of a novel high viscosity polysaccharide (HVP) over 3 months in nondieting obese or overweight men and women. Methods: The study comprised a double‐blind, randomised controlled clinical trial. Participants ingested 5–15 g per day of either HVP (n = 29, experimental group) or inulin (n = 30, control group) for 15 weeks. Changes in anthropometry (weight, waist and hip circumferences), blood lipids and glucose tolerance were studied from the beginning to the end of administration. Compliance and tolerance were examined. Results: Differences appeared between HVP and inulin supplementation in female participants only. Mean (SD) decreases in body weight [1.6 (3.2) kg; approximately 2% of initial weight] and hip circumference [2.8 (3.6 ) cm] occurred in women of the HVP group but not in controls (Time × Group interactions, P ≤ 0.002). Total, high‐density lipoprotein and low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol were lower at the end of supplementation in the women of the HVP group compared to controls (P ≤ 0.021). No effect appeared in waist circumference and triacylglycerol. No difference was noted in the number or severity of the adverse effects reported in both groups. Adverse effects were mild and agreed with commonly reported reactions to intake of dietary fibre. Conclusions: Beneficial although modest effects appeared after several weeks of daily HVP intake in nondieting obese or overweight women. The effects of HVP should be investigated in the context of a weight loss programme.     

老年机械通气患者呼吸机气路管道更换周期探讨

目的探讨老年机械通气患者呼吸机气路管道的最佳更换时间,评价气路管道污染与下呼吸道感染的关系。方法将我院干部医疗科76例老年机械通气患者分为A、B、C三组,分别在48、72、96小时更换呼吸机气路管道,对三组更换的呼吸机气路管道及部分患者口咽部或下呼吸道分泌物进行采样,进行细菌培养及半定量分析。结果气路管道污染率与换管时间同步增长,并与下呼吸道细菌培养结果具有高度的一致性。结论老年机械通气患者下呼吸道感染与气路管道污染的细菌具有高度一致性,应在48～96小时依据呼吸机气路管道的污染情况及时更换循环管路。     

ICU机械通气患者两种气囊上滞留物吸引方法效果比较

目的探讨对ICU机械通气患者应用不同气囊上滞留物吸引方法的效果差异。方法选择ICU行机械通气的患者106例，按人住顺序分为A组和B组，每组53例。A组采用间断气囊上滞留物吸引加间断冲洗的方法；B组采用持续气囊上滞留物吸引加间断冲洗的方法，对两组患者机械通气期间气囊上滞留物吸引量、生命体征、血气分析结果、气囊上滞留物性质及隐血试验结果、呼吸机相关性肺炎（VAP）发生时间、数量等指标进行统计和观察。结果两组1周内发生VAP的例数、VAP发生的时间、气囊上滞留物隐血试验阳性例数、气囊上滞留物吸引量等指标的差异有显著意义（P〈0．05）；两组生命体征、血气分析结果、VAP发生率的差异无显著意义（P〉0．05）。结论对ICU机械通气患者行气囊上滞留物间断负压吸引加间断冲洗，不仅可以提高吸引效果，而且可以减少气管黏膜损伤的发生。     

Nonexponential T2* decay in white matter

Visualizing myelin in human brain may help the study of diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Previous studies based on T₁ and T₂ relaxation contrast have suggested the presence of a distinct water pool that may report directly on local myelin content. Recent work indicates that T₂* contrast may offer particular advantages over T₁ and T₂ contrast, especially at high field. However, the complex mechanism underlying T₂* relaxation may render interpretation difficult. To address this issue, T₂* relaxation behavior in human brain was studied at 3 and 7 T. Multiple gradient echoes covering most of the decay curve were analyzed for deviations from mono‐exponential behavior. The data confirm the previous finding of a distinct rapidly relaxing signal component (T₂* ～ 6 ms), tentatively attributed to myelin water. However, in extension to previous findings, this rapidly relaxing component displayed a substantial resonance frequency shift, reaching 36 Hz in the corpus callosum at 7 T. The component's fractional amplitude and frequency shift appeared to depend on both field strength and fiber orientation, consistent with a mechanism originating from magnetic susceptibility effects. The findings suggest that T₂* contrast at high field may be uniquely sensitive to tissue myelin content and that proper interpretation will require modeling of susceptibility‐induced resonance frequency shifts. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

机械通气患者不同声门下吸引方式的临床对比研究

目的 比较持续性声门下吸引(CASS)和间歇性声门下吸引(IASS)在预防呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)中的临床价值,及其对气道黏膜的影响.方法 将ICU收治的116例机械通气患者随机分为3组:CASS组(40例)、IASS组(38例)和对照组(不行声门下吸引,38例).记录并比较3组患者早发性和晚发性VAP发病率、发生时间,以及CASS组、IASS组患者气囊上方吸引液潜血阳性例数.结果 ①CASS组和IASS组的早发性和晚发性VAP发病率相似,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).CASS组和IASS组的早发性和晚发性VAP发病率均低于对照组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).②CASS组和IASS组VAP发生时间晚于对照组(P＜0.05).CASS组和IASS组VAP发生时间相似,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).③IASS组的气囊上方吸引液潜血阳性率低于CASS组(P＜0.05).结论 CASS和IASS均可降低早发性和晚发性VAP发病率,并延迟VAP的发生,两者临床效果相似.但IASS有更低的气囊上方气道黏膜损伤风险.