Rational choice(s)? Rethinking decision‐making on breast cancer risk and screening mammography

Women who refrain from undergoing breast cancer screening are believed to be uninformed about risks and usually labeled as irrational. Our purpose in writing this paper is to challenge the traditional notion of rational behaviour, illustrating with qualitative data that people's rationality is influenced by their socio-cultural and political identities. We explore three major themes: (1) cultural explanations regarding intention to use screening mammography (2) (dis)trust in science and expert opinion, and (3) self-responsibility and self-surveillance in caring for one's body. Understanding that women rely on different risk discourses to make decisions about their health should aide researchers, health professionals, and the community in better understanding alternative ways of conceptualizing people's health-related behaviours when they do not coincide with health authorities recommendations.     

哲学论域中的自我

自我或“我”曾一再成为哲学沉思的对象。孔子曾提出“四毋”的要求 ,从认识论上看 ,“毋我”含有消除主观成见之意 ;就价值观而言 ,“毋我”则意味着超越小我。道家对于“我” ,也以有而无之为立场。道家的这种无己说 ,惟有联系其自然原则 ,才能得到较为具体的理解。相对于儒家对礼乐文明的礼赞 ,道家更多地表现出崇尚自然的趋向。佛教所说的“我” ,包括“人我”与“法我” ,前者与人的存在相联系 ,指作为个体的“我” ,后者则涉及人之外的一般对象 ,与之相应 ,无我亦包含“人无我”与“法无我”二重含义。相对于佛教 ,休谟通常所谓的“自我” ,不过是相继的“知觉的集合体 ,或一束知觉” ,作为实体的自我只是一种“虚构”。当自我被理解为“知觉的集合”时 ,它便失去了本体论上的实在性。从毋我、无我到质疑自我 ,对自我的消解和否定构成了其中共同的趋向。但作为具体的存在 ,自我既以意识与人格的综合统一为特点 ,又以感性生命为存在的前提 ;既有个体性的规定 ,又包含着社会的内容 ;既经历了形成与发展的阶段 ,又内含着时间中的绵延同一;在总体上表现为身与心、天与人、个体性与社会性、发展阶段与过程性的统一     

浅谈患者义务与文明就医

为了构建健康和谐的医患关系，患者需对自身的义务加以了解，并做到文明就医。然而现实中，人们对患者的义务往往存在认识上的误区，为了帮助人们纠正这些认识上的错误，作者详细列举了目前国内外关于患者义务的多种论述版本，并归纳为五类：一是管理方面的义务，二是社会方面的义务，三是伦理方面的义务，四是经济方面的义务，五是法律方面的义务。通过认识这些义务，可以帮助患者正确扮演好自已的角色，文明就医，从而为构建和谐医患关系奠定坚实的基础。     

和谐社会需要什么样的医院——构建和谐医院的理性思考

医院名气之大不在"大",不顾技术水平和服务层次上规模,只会伤了元气和根基,有的甚至会债台高筑;医院不是企业,不能变为经济运作的"工具";片面理解医院的"社会服务"职能,过分看重"经济创收",会导致许多与商业有关的不良现象,包括市侩习气、投机心理、弄虚作假,严重影响圣洁的医院形象。因此,时代呼唤构建与和谐社会相契合的和谐发展、科学定向、秉持理念、以人为本、精于协调的和谐医院。     

What is needed for health promotion in Africa: band-aid,live aid or real change?

Health Promotion in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is currently facing many difficult challenges. Health status is worse than in any other region, with the midpoint data indicating that that SSA is not on track to achieve any of the Millenium Development Goals. This paper explores the history of health promotion in Africa, from before Alma Ata, through the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s, and up to the present. Using examples from Mozambique, Zimbabwe and South Africa during their transitional periods, and health promotion approaches adopted to tackle HIV/AIDS, diarrhoea and non-communicable diseases, the paper shows how the focus has shifted away from the ideals of the Ottawa Charter to an individualistic behaviour change approach. The reasons for the shift reflect political choices of governments that have favoured technocratic approaches over harnessing the popular mobilisations that have accompanied national struggles. The experiences of global movements, such as the Global Equity Gauge Alliance are considered as a way of enhancing local health promotion initiatives which, as presently conceived, are limited in their ability to address equity and the broader determinants of ill health.     

Potential for naturally derived therapeutics: the Caribbean as a model – insights from the conference on therapeutics and functional genomics

The 2nd Annual Conference of the Society for Scientific Advancement (SoSA) was convened to integrate three research areas towards the development of therapies that will help to reduce disease burden in the Caribbean. Held in Kingston, the capital city of Jamaica, on November 22, 2013, the meeting assembled experts in the areas of genomics, stem cell research and natural medicine. The speakers represented the University of the West Indies, Mona and St. Augustine campuses, the University of Technology, and faculty from the USA and Africa. Sponsorship of this meeting supports SoSA’s goal of stimulating translational research in the Caribbean.     

创建“和谐职工小家”活动的实践与体会

卫生部北京医院工会根据全国总工会《关于推进工会改革和建设若干问题的意见（试行）》中提出重视基层工会建设，积极开展建设“职工小家”活动的精神，经验交流，以“小家”的和谐汇聚“大家”的和谐，以医院的和谐汇聚社会的和谐。     

渗透情感教学,构建和谐大学英语课堂

情感教学与和谐课堂是相互的统一体,英语情感教学有利于和谐的大学英语课堂的建立。结合《大学英语》（全新版）教材和笔者的大学英语教学实践,探讨了如何调动情感积极因素,构建和谐英语课堂。     

Reason,emotion and embodiment: is ‘mental’ health a contradiction in terms?

Taking as its starting point a series of traditional divisions and debates, this paper approaches issues of 'mental' health through the specific lens of the emotions. Key themes and organising principles here include the following: (i) reason versus emotion (ii) biology versus society (iii) the micro and the macro divide, and finally (iv) the medicalisation-demedicalisation of society. Each of these divisions is critically assessed and some 'new' ways forward provided through a commitment to the emotions, their relationship to 'mental' health and to rationality and, more generally, to their 'fate' in late 20th century Western society. The paper concludes with some further reflections on these and related emotional health matters, including a critique of the very notion of 'mental' health as a contradiction in terms.     

和谐管理理论应用于医疗风险管理的启示

阐述了医疗风险管理的特点和目前我国医疗风险管理的现状，提出运用和谐管理理论的思想与风险管理相结合、利用双规则的互动耦合机制丰富医疗风险管理的思想，并论述了和谐管理理论对医疗风险管理的指导意义，为医疗风险管理的深入研究奠定了基础。