疱疹病毒和牙周致病菌在牙周炎中相互作用的研究进展

疱疹病毒和牙周致病菌的相互作用影响着牙周炎的发生发展,二者共同感染是牙周病发病的主要病因.在牙周炎患者的龈下菌斑中,病毒的检出率远较健康者高.疱疹病毒和牙周致病菌二者可在牙周病发病的多个阶段内相互影响:病毒促进细菌的黏附和定植、牙周致病菌促进病毒的活化,二者共同改变宿主的免疫反应.在牙周病发病过程中,牙周致病菌的黏附定植、疱疹病毒的活化以及宿主的免疫抑制机制等,可相对科学合理地解释牙周病的发作区域、进展速度和严重程度等特征.如果疱疹病毒介导的分子旁路与牙周炎导致的系统性疾病的生物联系被证实,那么传统的以清除细菌为目的的治疗方法对于牙周炎治疗的效果将是有限的,而将抗病毒药物和龈下刮治和根面平整术相结合的治疗方法可能在治疗和预防牙周病及其复发方面更加有效.疱疹病毒-牙周致病菌模型不仅使人们对牙周炎的发病机制有了更深的认识,也为牙周病治疗指出了新的方向.     

Sociodemographic factors associated with female genital cutting among women of reproductive age in Nigeria

Objectives: The aims of the study were to determine the prevalence of female genital cutting (FGC) among women of reproductive age in Nigeria and identify the sociodemographic factors associated with the practice.

Methods: A secondary analysis of the 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey was carried out in 38,948 women of reproductive age (15–49 years).

Results: The prevalence of FGC among respondents was almost 25%, most of whom (82%) had undergone the procedure when they were under 5 years of age. Traditional circumcisers performed 72.2% of all procedures. Type 2 was the common form (62.6%) of FGC. Almost a quarter of respondents (23.1%) wanted the practice to continue. Women aged 45–49 years were approximately twice as likely to have undergone FGC compared with women aged 15–19 years (odds ratio [OR] 2.41; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.99, 2.92; p?p?p?Conclusions: Our findings have programmatic implications for ending the practice of FGC in Nigeria. Elimination efforts should be intensified among women of Yoruba ethnicity. To instigate behavioural change, communication interventions should particularly target residents in parts of Nigeria other than the North East zone.     

Periodontal herpesvirus morbidity and treatment

Four billion individuals worldwide have a history of periodontitis, with the poorest people in society most affected. Periodontitis can lead to unsightly drifting of teeth and tooth loss that may interfere with the wellbeing of daily living and has also been linked to at least 57 medical diseases and disabilities. The etiology of severe periodontitis includes active herpesviruses, specific bacterial pathogens, and destructive immune responses, but herpesviruses seem to be the major pathogenic determinant. Periodontal herpesviruses that disseminate via the systemic circulation to nonoral sites may represent a major link between periodontitis and systemic diseases. Current treatment of periodontitis focuses almost exclusively on bacterial biofilm and will require revision. Periodontal therapy that targets both herpesviruses and bacterial pathogens can provide long‐term clinical improvement and potentially reduces the risk of systemic diseases. Molecular diagnostic tests for periodontal pathogens may enable early microbial identification and preemptive therapy. This review details an efficient and reliable anti‐infective treatment of severe periodontitis that can be carried out in minimal time with minimal cost.     

单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎治疗方法研究进展

单纯疱疹病毒1型（herpes simplex virus 1, HSV-1）是一种普遍存在的病原体，感染角膜可引起单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎（herpes simplex keratitis, HSK）。HSV-1可潜伏于三叉神经胞体，易形成复发感染。多次反复恶化可造成角膜免疫-炎症反应损伤，促进新生血管形成，进一步导致角膜浑浊、视力障碍甚至失明，是导致角膜盲的首要病因之一。目前，临床使用的抗病毒药物不能根除HSV-1，本文将汇总有关HSK的最新治疗进展，主要从抑制HSV-1入侵、增殖以及减少新血管生成两方面进行综述，以期为临床研究提供理论依据。     

A case of congenital herpes simplex virus infection diagnosed at 8 months of age

We present the case of an 8-month-old boy with the repeated recurrence of vesicles from the time of birth and who subsequently manifested psychomotor developmental delay. We retrospectively diagnosed the patient with congenital herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection. Computed tomography showed multiple calcifications in the periventricular white matter and thalami. The bilateral deep white matter showed an abnormally high signal intensity on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. The patient required consecutive, suppressive therapy with valacyclovir to prevent the repeated recurrence of vesicles. This case presented a milder phenotype of congenital HSV infection in comparison to previous reports, and highlights the importance of the careful examination for this disease when neonates present with skin lesions.