从12S rRNA基因序列差异分析黑斑蛤蚧和红斑蛤蚧的进化关系

目的 获得黑斑蛤蚧和红斑蛤蚧两个类群6个线粒体12SrRNA基因片段序列,分析黑斑蛤蚧和红斑蛤蚧的进化关系,进而探讨蛤蚧种群的遗传变异,为蛤蚧的分类鉴定提供一定的科学依据。方法 测定蛤蚧Gekko gecko两个类群6个个体线粒体的12S rRNA基因片断序列。结合多疵壁虎G．jamnicus、无蹊壁虎G．swinhonis、铅山壁虎G．hokouensis同源DNA序列进行比较,进行分子系统学分析。结果 红斑蛤蚧阃变异范围为1．18％～1．91％;黑斑蛤蚧闻为2．36％～3．64％;红斑蛤蚧与黑斑蛤蚧之间为4．81％～6．73％;外群壁虎与蛤蚧内群问变异为30．44％～35．69％。结论 红斑蛤蚧与黑斑蛤蚧的差异是否达到了亚种级分化的水平,还有待进一步研宄。     

Subdivisions of the mesencephalon and isthmus in the lizard Gekko gecko as revealed by ChAT immunohistochemistry

The distribution of cholinergic cell bodies and fibers was examined in the mesencephalon and isthmus of Gekko gecko. Distinct groups with prominent labeled cells were observed in the cranial nerve motor nuclei and isthmic nuclei, and weak labeled cell bodies and fibers were observed in the mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve and the central nucleus of the torus semicircularis. After discussing the topological relationships within the tectum and isthmus, we unify the nomenclature of the caudal deep mesencephalic nucleus in lizards and the rostral magnocellular nucleus isthmi in turtles that is similar in terms of the preisthmic position, nontopographic connections with the tectum, and the same midbrain origin to the magnocellular preisthmic nucleus in birds, and may be homologous to the superficial cuneiform nucleus in mammals. None of them belong to the cholinergic nucleus isthmi, as the latter has isthmus origin and topographic reciprocal connections with the tectum. We also discuss the origin and intrinsic function of the inner longitudinal tract of the thick ChAT-ir fibers that course through the mesencephalon and diencephalon. We review the subdivisions of the mesencephalon and isthmus of Gekko gecko as revealed by ChAT immunohistochemistry, as well as the limits of the diencephalo–mesencephalic, mesencephalic–isthmo, and isthmo–rhombocephalic by the ChAT-ir cell- and fiber-poor distribution, and discuss the caudal limit of the isthmus. Our research on the subdivisions of the mesencephalon and isthmus in G. gecko as revealed by ChAT immunohistochemistry will serve as the neuroanatomical basis for subsequent relevant studies of Gekko gecko.     

Tooth development in a model reptile: functional and null generation teeth in the gecko Paroedura picta

This paper describes tooth development in a basal squamate, Paroedura picta. Due to its reproductive strategy, mode of development and position within the reptiles, this gecko represents an excellent model organism for the study of reptile development. Here we document the dental pattern and development of non-functional (null generation) and functional generations of teeth during embryonic development. Tooth development is followed from initiation to cytodifferentiation and ankylosis, as the tooth germs develop from bud, through cap to bell stages. The fate of the single generation of non-functional (null generation) teeth is shown to be variable, with some teeth being expelled from the oral cavity, while others are incorporated into the functional bone and teeth, or are absorbed. Fate appears to depend on the initiation site within the oral cavity, with the first null generation teeth forming before formation of the dental lamina. We show evidence for a stratum intermedium layer in the enamel epithelium of functional teeth and show that the bicuspid shape of the teeth is created by asymmetrical deposition of enamel, and not by folding of the inner dental epithelium as observed in mammals.     

壁虎骨骼肌卫星细胞的原代培养与鉴定

目的:建立一种有效的壁虎骨骼肌卫星细胞分离、培养及鉴定体系。方法:取壁虎后肢肌,采用I型胶原酶消化法获得细胞悬液,经差速贴壁法纯化骨骼肌卫星细胞,通过Pax7免疫细胞化学方法鉴定骨骼肌卫星细胞。用此法也分离到小鼠骨骼肌卫星细胞。结果:(1)分离到的细胞呈小圆形,培养2天后可见纺锤形细胞。(2)免疫细胞化学染色显示,分离得到的壁虎骨骼肌卫星细胞表达Pax7。Pax7阳性的小鼠骨骼肌卫星细胞达99%以上。培养3天后卫星细胞开始增殖。结论:成功建立壁虎骨骼肌卫星细胞的纯化和鉴定方法,为进一步研究卫星细胞在高等哺乳动物损伤修复中的可塑性奠定基础。     

Embryonic origin of mate choice in a lizard with temperature-dependent sex determination

Individual differences in the adult sexual behavior of vertebrates are rooted in the fetal environment. In the leopard gecko (Eublepharis macularius), a species with temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD), hatchling sex ratios differ between incubation temperatures, as does sexuality in same-sex animals. This variation can primarily be ascribed to the temperature having direct organizing actions on the brain. Here we demonstrate that embryonic temperature can affect adult mate choice in the leopard gecko. Given the simultaneous choice between two females from different incubation temperatures (30.0 and 34.0 degrees C), males from one incubation temperature (30.0 degrees C) preferred the female from 34.0 degrees C, while males from another incubation temperature (32.5 degrees C) preferred the female from 30.0 degrees C. We suggest that this difference in mate choice is due to an environmental influence on brain development leading to differential perception of opposite-sex individuals. This previously unrecognized modulator of adult mate choice lends further support to the view that mate choice is best understood in the context of an individual's entire life-history. Thus, sexual selection results from a combination of the female's as well as the male's life history. Female attractiveness and male choice therefore are complementary.     

蛤蚧乙醇提取液对大鼠卵巢颗粒细胞影响的实验研究

目的:研究蛤蚧乙醇提取液对大鼠卵巢颗粒细胞的影响.方法:3月龄和6月龄的Wistar雌性大鼠各20只,随机分为实验组和对照组各10只;实验组大鼠给予蛤蚧乙醇提取液灌胃,对照组大鼠给予生理盐水灌胃.15 d后取卵巢做免疫荧光;分别用激光共聚焦显微镜检测IGF-1、inhibin-a(Inh A)并测各组的荧光强度值.结果:实验组与对照组比较IGF-1、InhA,均有升高,差异有统计学意义.对照组IGF-1的表达6月龄组高于3月龄组(P＜0.05),Inh A的表达在实验组和对照组中6月龄组均高于3月龄组(P＜0.01).结论:蛤蚧乙醇提取液能显著提高IGF-1和Inh A在大鼠卵巢中的表达,从而改善大鼠卵巢功能,促进优势卵泡和黄体的发育.     

中药材蛤蚧的X衍射Fourier谱分析

目的 旨在建立中药材鉴定新方法。方法 采用粉末X衍射Fourier谱分析方法,通过对2个蛤蚧与1个西藏蛤蚧样品进行了分析计算。结果 获得了蛤蚧的标准X衍射Fourier谱及特征标记峰值。结论 表明X衍射Fourier图谱分析方法在中药材鉴定中具有广阔的应用前景。     

利用全范德华力作用原理制备仿生干型高分子粘合材料--"壁虎胶带"

壁虎脚足与物体表面是完全的范德华力。介绍一种全新的模仿壁虎脚足刚毛、利用全范德华力作用原理制造的干型高分子粘合材料——“壁虎胶带”及其粘合原理。