Successful application of molecular biological technique for evaluation of changes in periodontopathic bacteria in Japanese children with developmental disabilities

Developments in molecular biological techniques enables rapid and easy identification of periodontopathic bacterial species in clinical specimens. However, there are few reports regarding their application for community dentistry. The aim of this study was to show successful application of a molecular biological technique for evaluation of changes in periodontal bacterial species in children at daycare centers. We studied 187 children who received oral examinations in 2009 and 186 who received examinations in 2010, among whom 102 were examined in both years. Clinical parameters regarding periodontal conditions were evaluated and the distribution of 10 periodontopathic species in dental plaque specimens were determined by polymerase chain reaction. Periodontal pocket depth values in the 2010 group were significantly smaller than those in 2009. When the subjects were divided into those with (positive group) and without (negative group) Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia, or Campylobacter rectus in 2009, the positive group had significantly smaller periodontal pocket values than the negative group. In addition, the rate of subjects with P. gingivalis, T. denticola, T. forsythia, or C. rectus in the positive group in 2010 was significantly reduced. Our findings demonstrate that molecular biological methods provide more information as compared to a standard clinical examination when evaluating changes of periodontal conditions in the field of community dentistry.     

Prospective health students’ perceptions of the pharmacist role in the interprofessional team

Negative perceptions or underdeveloped understanding of healthcare team member roles can impact the functionality of the team and stunt innovations in interprofessional practice and education. Therefore, the intent of this study was to explore the perception of pharmacists’ role on the healthcare team by future team members: prospective health professional students. The study utilised a survey to examine these perceptions in prospective health professional students (n = 34) nearing the application process to health professional school. A coding process was used to explore open-ended text responses through a line-by-line analysis and identify emerging themes regarding perception of pharmacists’ roles, responsibilities, and practice settings. Quantitative data examined perception of pharmacists by intended prospective profession, healthcare experience, and pharmacy experience. Results indicate that while prospective health professional students find pharmacists to be an important part of the healthcare team, they lack a developed understanding of pharmacists’ roles, responsibilities, and practice settings. Identifying and addressing prospective health professional students’ misperceptions surrounding pharmacists’ roles and responsibilities may encourage them to make informed career decisions and shape them into more knowledgeable future professionals with the ability to better impact patient care on interprofessional teams.     

焦虑抑郁状态对智齿冠周炎复发的影响

 目的 探讨焦虑抑郁状态对非外科手术治疗的智齿冠周炎复发的影响。方法 选择就诊于中日友好医院口腔医学中心的首发非外科治疗的智齿冠周炎患者,通过发放电子问卷收集如下信息:人口学信息、焦虑量表(GAD-7)和抑郁量表(PHQ-9)。半年后对随访患者的复发情况进行统计,采用多因素logistic回归分析智齿冠周炎复发与患者发病时情绪状态的关系。结果 共收集568份有效问卷,其中7.0%患者存在焦虑状态(GAD-7≥10),13.7%存在抑郁状态(PHQ-9≥10),半年后随访智齿冠周炎的复发率为11.4%。分析智齿冠周炎6个月后复发情况发现,男性的风险低于女性(OR=0.416,P＜0.05),焦虑增加了智齿冠周炎的复发风险(OR=1.124,P＜0.05)。结论 口腔医师应关注患者焦虑抑郁情绪状态,有助于智齿冠周炎的预防和治疗。     

Accuracy of the London Atlas,Haavikko’s Method and Cameriere’s European Formula of dental age estimation in Turkish children

Age estimation is a mandatory procedure when the chronological age is unknown or uncertain. Dental development is the preferred characteristic for estimating a child's age. There are many methods for dental age estimation, but their reliability can differ between populations. This study compared the accuracy of three of these methods—the London Atlas (LA), Haavikko's method (HM), and Cameriere's European formula (CF)—in Turkish children living in northwestern Turkey. Panoramic radiographs of 980 children from northwestern Turkey aged between 6.00 and 14.99 years were examined for the whole study group and separately for different ages and sexes by all three methods. Statistical differences between chronological age and dental age were tested using the paired sample t-test and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The LA, HM, and CF accuracies were determined based on the mean absolute error. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient showed that the correlation between chronological age and dental age for both sexes was linear for all methods. The LA overestimated the chronological age by 0.09 years, while HM and CF underestimated it by 0.49 and 0.11 years, respectively. The difference between dental age and chronological age was significant in all samples, for all methods, except for the LA in boys. When boys, girls, and the total sample were evaluated, values with the lowest mean absolute error were obtained by HM and were statistically significant in all three groups. Therefore, HM is more accurate than the LA and CF for dental age estimation in Turkish children living in northwestern Turkey.     

The Impact of Photosensitizer Selection on Bactericidal Efficacy Of PDT against Cariogenic Biofilms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

BackgroundThere are investigations on multiple photosensitizers for modulation of caries-related biofilms using PDT. However, much controversy remains about recommended parameters mostly on the selection of an efficient photosensitizer.ObjectiveThe study performed a systematic review to identify the answer to the following question: What photosensitizers present high bactericidal efficacy against cariogenic biofilms?MethodsSystematic review with meta-analyses were carried out for English language articles from October to December 2019 (PRISMA standards) using MEDLINE, Scopus, Biomed Central, EMBASE, LILACS, and Web of Science. Information on study design, biofilm model, photosensitizer, light source, energy delivery, the incubation time for photosensitizer, and bacterial reduction outcomes were recorded. We performed two meta-analyses to compare bacterial reduction, data was expressed by (1) base 10 Logarithm values and (2) Log reductionResultsAfter the eligibility criteria were applied (PEDro scale), the selected studies showed that toluidine Blue Ortho (TBO) and methylene blue (MBO) (5-min incubation time and 5-min irradiation) demonstrated better bacterial reduction outcomes. For the data expressed by Log TBO, MBO, curcumin, and Photogem® presented a significant bacterial decrease in comparison to the control (p = 0.042). For the data represented by Log reduction, the bacterial reduction toward S.mutans was not significant for any photosensitizer (p = 0.679).ConclusionThe lack of methodological standardization among the studies still hinders the establishment of photosensitizer and bactericidal efficiency. TBO, MBO, curcumin, and photogem generate greater PDT-based bacterial reduction on caries-related bacteria.. Further clinical studies are necessary in order to obtain conclusive results.     

Long-term treatment costs and cost-effectiveness of restoration repair versus replacement

ObjectivesWhen managing partially defective restorations, dentists can choose between repair and replacement. We aimed to assess the long-term treatment costs of repairs and replacements.MethodsPartially defective anterior and posterior composite restorations in permanent teeth had been repaired or replaced in a German university hospital and were retrospectively followed until censoring or one of the following events: (1) Extraction, (2) Major complications including placement of indirect restorations, endodontic treatments and extractions, or (3) Any complications including major complications and further direct restorations. Costs were estimated from a German mixed public-private-payer perspective. Cost-effectiveness differences were described using median-based incremental-cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER_MEDIAN). Statistical analysis was performed using generalized linear mixed modeling (GLM), Chi²-test, and Wilcoxon rank-sum test (p < 0.05).ResultsA total of 616 repairs in 468 patients (follow-up: 4.9 ± 4.1 years) and 264 replacements in 218 patients (follow-up: 4.8 ± 4.3) were included. While replacements were associated with higher initial treatment costs, median annualized treatment costs did not significantly differ between repair (47.58 Euro [IQR: 24.41–107.04]) and replacement (50.64 Euro [IQR: 26.30–118.78]; p > 0.05), but were higher for molars (75.53 Euro [IQR: 24.41–92.18]) than incisors (45.03 Euro [IQR: 28.19–168.50]; p = 0.011). The difference in the % of extractions, major and any complications were minimal between both groups. The mean ICER_MEDIAN of replacement vs. repair was -146.8 Euro/% when extractions were considered as outcomes. Regarding major and any complications, mean ICER_MEDIAN amounted to 67.6 Euro/% and 23.9 Euro/%, respectively.SignificanceRepairs and replacements of partially defective restorations showed similar long-term costs and cost-effectiveness.     

儿童口腔门诊全身麻醉操作指南

近年来,在全身麻醉状态下完成门诊儿童口腔诊疗,已逐渐发展成为一种较成熟的行为管理模式。由于门诊儿童口腔诊治时间短、流动性大、周转快,对麻醉及诊疗期的管理提出更高要求。中华口腔医学会镇静镇痛专业委员会组织专家,制定儿童口腔门诊全身麻醉操作指南,从口腔门诊实施全身麻醉的范围、临床基本条件、口腔诊疗种类、诊治前评估与准备、麻醉实施与监测、恢复和苏醒期管理、常见并发症及处理要点等方面给出具有可操作性的实施规范,对促进我国儿童门诊全身麻醉下口腔诊疗安全性和舒适化的快速发展具有重要意义。     

上海市普陀区小学教师儿童牙外伤知识知晓度抽样调查

目的: 了解上海市普陀区小学教师对牙外伤相关知识的掌握情况。方法: 采用问卷答题方式,调查普陀区1 020名小学教师对儿童牙外伤处理相关知识的掌握程度,采用SPSS 20.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果: 共回收有效问卷973份。74.8%教师知道就近处理牙外伤医疗机构的信息,53.8%的教师在学生发生牙外伤时会首先告知家长,59.1%的教师选择将折裂牙断片交由家长处理。79.5%的教师知道四年级学生的“门牙”是恒牙;对于脱落门牙的保存介质,12.7%的参与调查者选择了错误答案;62.7%的教师对于污染脱落牙的清洁方式回答正确;关于牙再植最佳时机,19.6%的教师回答正确。教师性别、年龄及是否接受过培训影响场景模拟题的得分（P<0.05）,学历不是最主要的影响因素（P>0.05）。结论: 普陀区小学教师尚未全面掌握儿童牙外伤的应急处理知识,医疗机构和教育机构需加强相关知识培训。