Decoding facial expressions based on face‐selective and motion‐sensitive areas

Humans can easily recognize others' facial expressions. Among the brain substrates that enable this ability, considerable attention has been paid to face‐selective areas; in contrast, whether motion‐sensitive areas, which clearly exhibit sensitivity to facial movements, are involved in facial expression recognition remained unclear. The present functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study used multi‐voxel pattern analysis (MVPA) to explore facial expression decoding in both face‐selective and motion‐sensitive areas. In a block design experiment, participants viewed facial expressions of six basic emotions (anger, disgust, fear, joy, sadness, and surprise) in images, videos, and eyes‐obscured videos. Due to the use of multiple stimulus types, the impacts of facial motion and eye‐related information on facial expression decoding were also examined. It was found that motion‐sensitive areas showed significant responses to emotional expressions and that dynamic expressions could be successfully decoded in both face‐selective and motion‐sensitive areas. Compared with static stimuli, dynamic expressions elicited consistently higher neural responses and decoding performance in all regions. A significant decrease in both activation and decoding accuracy due to the absence of eye‐related information was also observed. Overall, the findings showed that emotional expressions are represented in motion‐sensitive areas in addition to conventional face‐selective areas, suggesting that motion‐sensitive regions may also effectively contribute to facial expression recognition. The results also suggested that facial motion and eye‐related information played important roles by carrying considerable expression information that could facilitate facial expression recognition. Hum Brain Mapp 38:3113–3125, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Association of posterior semicircular canal hypofunction on video-head-impulse testing with other vestibulo-cochlear deficits

Objectives

The video-head-impulse test (vHIT) provides a functional assessment of all six semicircular canals (SCC). Occasionally isolated loss of the posterior canal(s) (ILPC) is diagnosed, though this finding is poorly characterized. Here we assessed how accurate that diagnosis is by measuring the co-occurrence of abnormalities on caloric irrigation, vestibular-evoked myogenic-potentials and audiometry.

正常耳颞骨内面神经形态分析

目的　借助CT分析正常耳颞骨内面神经的形态特点。方法　选取50例正常耳,其中男33耳,女17耳。通过颞骨CT多平面重组技术显示各段面神经骨管,测量相关数据 并统计分析不同性别及侧别下有无差异。结果　正常耳面神经管迷路段长度（3.64±0.70）mm、宽度（0.90±0.12）mm;鼓室段长度（11.74±1.71）mm、宽度（0.90±0.17）mm;乳突段长度（12.69±1.96）mm、宽度（1.12±0.20）mm。第一膝和第二膝的角度分别为（70.12±13.81）°和（109.43±10.81）°。结论　正常耳面神经在颞骨内走行稳定,不存在侧别和性别差异。     

西藏世居藏族男青年形态面指数分析

目的 探讨西藏世居藏族男青年的形态面指数特征。方法 按照国际学术界规定的方法,对西藏世居的242例藏族男青年面宽和形态面高进行活体测量,并计算形态面指数。 结果 不同年龄段藏族青年的面宽和形态面指数存在显著差异（P<0.05或P<0.01）,形态面指数与年龄呈正性相关（P<0.01）。 结论 藏族青年的形态面指数以超阔面型为主（38.4%）,阔面型（33.5%）和中面型（19.4%）次之。     

正颌手术对颌面硬组织对称性改变的三维评估

目的 通过锥形束CT（cone beam computed tomography,CBCT）研究正颌手术对成人骨性Ⅲ类错牙合伴颜面部不对称患者治疗的疗效。方法 选择正畸临床成人骨性Ⅲ类错牙合伴颜面部不对称患者20例,20例患者均采用正畸-正颌联合治疗的方法,在正畸前（T0）和正颌手术后6个月（T1）后使用CBCT对患者进行三维扫描获得颅面部DICOM数据,采用Dolphin 11.0对颌骨进行三维重建,选择描述颌骨骨性结构特征的20个点进行描记,测量分析20个变量。结果 20例颜面部不对称患者,正颌手术改善上颌骨下部水平向及矢状向的不对称性,双侧下颌体的长度及下颌支的倾斜度得到纠正。结论 正颌手术能有效改善成人颜面部不对称,对成人骨性Ⅲ类错牙合伴颜面部不对称患者的改善主要表现在上颌骨下部水平向及矢状向的对称性改善,以及下颌体长度不协调的纠正,正颌手术前三维测量对正颌治疗方案的制定及预后的判断至关重要。     

不同垂直骨面型成人下颌骨皮质厚度的锥形束CT研究

目的:通过测量分析不同垂直骨面型的成人下颌后牙区颊侧骨皮质厚度,为正畸临床治疗中不同骨面型患者种植支抗类型的选用和植入部位的确定提供参考。方法:在成年正畸患者中,按照下颌平面角测量值及纳入标准选择45例病例,均分为高角、均角和低角3组。利用CBCT采集患者颅面部数据并进行三维重建,对下颌后牙区颊侧不同高度（距牙槽嵴顶4、6、8mm处）的骨皮质厚度进行测量,应用SPSS11.0软件包对数据进行方差分析和LSD检验。结果:3组在下颌后牙区骨皮质厚度为高角组<均角组<低角组,同组内厚度4 mm组<6 mm组<8 mm组,有显著差异（P<0.05）。结论:下颌颊侧4 mm处即可进行种植支抗植入,而低角组的骨皮质厚度较高,最好选用助攻法。     

Challenges encountered during the management of pediatric facial soft tissue injury from a mobile battery blast: A case report

In case of parotid gland injury, one has to be aware of the fact that post‐operative complications like duct injury, leakage are very common. At times, a simple conservative approach turns out to be effective in managing complications of this nature.