The role of sperm in inducing genomic changes in the implantation: An experimental study

Endometrial receptivity and implantation are important topics in reproductive sciences. No evidence was found to support sperm involvement in endometrial receptivity and its associated factors. This study aimed to explore the effect of the normal human spermatozoa–endometrium cell interaction in regulating genes in the endometrial receptivity pathway. Semen samples were collected from a healthy and fertile man; then, they were incubated with endometrial cells for 24 hr and considered as the sperm group. A group was cultured without spermatozoa and considered as a control group. About 24 hr later, cells were collected from the bottom of the culture dish. The expressions of the VEGF, FGF2, HBEGF, LIFR, EGF, LIF, MUC1, HOXA10, CSF and PGR genes were evaluated in the two groups. Statistical analysis was performed using an independent sample test. Compared with the control group, in the sperm group, the mRNA levels of PGR (p = .0451), VEGF (p = .0101), HBEGF (p = .0163), EFG (p = .0339), FGF2 (p = .012), LIF (p = .0324), LIFR (p = .0321) and HOXA10 (p = .0098) were significantly upregulated. The results showed that there is a need for the interaction between spermatozoa and endometrium for implantation and can be used for preparing uterine in in vitro fertilisation cycles.     

日间手术对控制医疗费用的应用效果探讨

目的通过对出院主诊断为"子宫内膜息肉"的日间手术和非日间手术患者病案首页数据进行对比分析,探讨日间手术的推广带来的经济效益和社会效益。方法采用回顾性研究,从某三甲综合医院病案首页系统中提取2019年全年出院诊断为"子宫内膜息肉"的日间手术和非日间手术患者的数据,建立数据库,运用SAS9.4软件进行对比分析。结果"子宫内膜息肉"患者采用日间手术治疗较非日间手术相比,能有效降低患者医疗总费用;从费用结构来看,日间组患者的综合医疗服务类、诊断类、药品类和其他类费用支出均低于非日间组;日间组和非日间组患者在治疗费和医用材料费的差别无统计学意义。结论日间手术的开展能有效提高医院床位使用效率,有助于降低患者的住院医疗费用,有利于提高医院社会效益。     

Endometrial assessment in a group of infertile women on stimulated cycles for IVF: immunohistochemical findings

An immunohistochemical assessment of the endometrium was carried out in a group of IVF patients on stimulated cycles, in order to evaluate this technique against standard histological methods and to consider its application in a clinical situation. Monoclonal antibodies to the two cycle-dependent proteins: pregnancy associated endometrial alpha 2-globulin (alpha 2-PEG) and 24K (a protein originally isolated from an oestrogen-dependent breast tumour line, MCF-7) were used in the experiment. Immunohistochemical results concerning the effect of drug stimulation, age and date of biopsy on the secretory state of the endometrium revealed trends which were consistent with previous histological data, helping to confirm the value of this new technique. In addition, several specimens were found to have a normal, i.e. in phase, histological appearance but to have an atypical pattern of protein secretion. These observations suggest that biochemical monitoring of the uterus should be used in conjunction with routine histological dating.     

子宫内膜癌和子宫内膜增生症中多种癌基因的表达

目的 :探讨癌基因、抑癌基因和抗转移基因蛋白在子宫内膜腺癌和子宫内膜增生症组织中的表达及意义。方法 :应用免疫组织化学染色 (SP法 ) ,对 6 6例子宫内膜腺癌和 30例子宫内膜增生症组织切片中的 p5 3、p2 1、c erbB 2、nm2 3基因产物表达进行检测。结果 :子宫内膜腺癌中 p5 3、p2 1、c erbB 2基因阳性率分别为 6 8.18%、71.12 %和 72 .73 % ,均高于子宫内膜增生症的 40 .0 0 %、2 0 .0 0 %和 46 .6 7% (P <0 .0 5～P <0 .0 0 5 )。腺癌中有 6 0 .6 1% (40例 )同时有多种基因表达 ,而nm2 3抗转移基因蛋白的表达与肿瘤分级有密切关系 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :多种基因异常表达是判断子宫内膜腺癌预后的有效指标     

子宫内膜癌中p53基因第6,第7外显子突变及其临床意义

目的 检测人子宫内膜癌中抑癌基因ｐ５３基因突变的情况并探讨其与病理特征的关系。方法 采用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）和限制性酶切片段长度多态性分析（ＲＦＬＰ）技术检测４０例子宫内膜癌中ｐ５３基因第６、第７外显子的突变。结果 检出突变例,突变与病理学分级有关,与临床分期、绝经情况、组织学类型无关。结论 ｐ５３基因突变可能是了宫骨膜癌性的原因之一。     

分段诊刮术对子宫内膜癌宫颈受累的诊断意义

（１）目的 探讨分段诊刮术对子宫内膜癌宫颈受累的诊断意义。（２）方法 回顾分析我院１９８０～１９９５年间住院行子宫切除的子宫内膜癌病人６３例,对每个病人的术前分段诊刮和手术病理诊断结果进行比较。（３）结果 分段诊刮术对子宫内膜癌宫颈受累诊断的敏感性为８５．７％,特异性为７２．７％,其阴性预测值为９７．６％,而阳性预测值只有３１．８％。（４）结论 分段诊刮术对子宫内膜癌宫颈受累的阴性诊断结果较阳性诊     

绝经后阴道出血242例临床及病理分析

目的 探讨绝经后阴道出血的病因。方法 分析２４２例绝经后阴道出血并行诊断性乔宫的临床和病理资料。结果 绝经后阴道出血的主要病理诊断分另是功能性子宫内膜（６０．７３％）、炎症（２８．９２％）和恶性肿瘤（１０．３５％）。结论 内分泌紊乱性疾病是绝经后出血的常见病因,年老妇女恶性肿瘤发生率高。     

基因p16及Cyclin D1在子宫内膜癌中的表达及意义

探讨抑癌基因Ｐ１６及细胞周期素Ｄ（ＣｙｃｌｉｎＤ１）在子宫内膜癌,交界性子宫内膜组织及正常子宫内膜组织中的表达规律及其与子宫内膜癌的关系。方法应用免疫组化ＳＡＢＣ法检测３８例子宫内膜癌,１９例子宫内膜增生过长及不典型增长,１０例正常子宫内膜组织中基因ｐ１６,ＣｙｃｌｉｎＤ１的表达。     

Regression of endometrial hyperplasia after treatment with the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogue triptorelin: a prospective study

Endometrial hyperplasia is thought to be caused by the prolonged, unopposed oestrogenic stimulation of the endometrium. The regression of hyperplastic back to normal endometrium is the main purpose of any conservative treatment in order to prevent development of adenocarcinoma. The aim of this study was to evaluate the regression of hyperplastic to normal endometrium in patients with various forms of endometrial hyperplasia after treatment with the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogue (GnRHa) triptorelin for 6 months. Fifty-six patients with endometrial hyperplasia were enrolled in this trial; 39 patients (group I) presented simple hyperplasia, 14 (group II) complex hyperplasia and three (group III) atypical complex hyperplasia. All patients were treated with triptorelin for 6 months. Bleeding control during treatment was excellent. A post-treatment curettage for estimation of endometrial histology was performed on 54 out of 56 patients 100.1 +/- 44.7 days after the last triptorelin dose, following the restoration of pituitary function. Regression of hyperplastic to normal endometrium was observed in 32 (86.5%) out of 37 patients in group I and in 12 (85.7%) out of 14 in group II. Persistence of simple hyperplasia was found in five (14.5%) out of 37 patients in group I. Persistence of complex hyperplasia was found in 1 (7.1%) out of 14 patients and progression to atypical complex hyperplasia in another one (7.1%) woman in group II. In some of these cases, the presence of risk factors such as obesity, diabetes mellitus and ovulatory disturbances may contribute to the disease persistence despite therapy. On the other hand, in group III, none of the three patients had normal post-treatment endometrial histology. It seems, therefore, that in cases of endometrial hyperplasia without atypia, the administration of the GnRHa triptorelin is associated with high regression rates to normal endometrium. Conversely, the presence of atypia seems to be a poor prognostic factor. Treatment tolerance and bleeding control during therapy is excellent.     

Endometrial pinopodes indicate a shift in the window of receptivity in IVF cycles

The formation of endometrial pinopodes detected by scanning electron microscopy may be a specific marker for uterine receptivity. Aiming to assess the effects of ovarian stimulation on pinopode formation, we examined sequential endometrial biopsies from 17 oocyte donors. Seven normally menstruating women served as controls. Up to four samples were taken from each woman at 24-72 h intervals between days 14 and 24, giving a total of 69 samples. The day of oocyte retrieval was designated day 14 in ovarian stimulation cycles and the day of luteinizing hormone surge was designated day 13 in natural cycles. Endometrial morphology and pinopode numbers were similar in both groups. Fully developed pinopodes appeared in only one sample per cycle, indicating their short life span. However, the cycle day these structures appeared varied up to 5 days between women and the distribution was as follows: day 18 (n = 2), day 19 (n = 7), day 20 (n = 4), day 21 (n = 3), day 22 (n = 1) in ovarian stimulation cycles, and day 20 (n = 2), day 21 (n = 2), day 22 (n = 3) in natural cycles. Furthermore, accelerated pinopode formation in ovarian stimulation cycles was positively correlated with day 13 progesterone. Our findings show that ovarian stimulation does not affect endometrial pinopode formation in terms of quantity and life span. The cycle days when pinopodes form are specific to the individual, being on average 1-2 days earlier in ovarian stimulation than in natural cycles. These changes in pinopode expression may reflect shifts in the window of receptivity, resulting in ovo-endometrial asynchrony and limiting implantation success in in-vitro fertilization.