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991.
Neesha Ramchandani Mary Kristine Ellis Shobhit Jain Sonal Bhandari Henry Anhalt Noel K. Maclaren Svetlana Ten 《Journal of diabetes science and technology》2010,4(3):610-614
Introduction
While the endogenous first-phase insulin response has disappeared by the time of diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), anecdotal evidence suggests that these patients can continue to have a second-phase insulin response during the first 12 months after diagnosis. We hypothesized that patients who are started on continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) at the time of diagnosis of T1DM would have a lower basal insulin requirement than the 40-60% usually expected.Methods
We analyzed 38 patients with T1DM, age 9.9 ± 6.4 years, 71% male, who were started on CSII within the first month of diagnosis.Results
Average basal insulin requirements were 47–49% of total daily dose during the first 12 months after diagnosis and decreased from 0.30 U/kg/day at diagnosis to 0.20 U/kg/day by 12 months. Baseline percentage of basal insulin was significantly correlated with hemoglobin A1c at baseline and at six months. The percentage of basal insulin requirement at 12 months after diagnosis was significantly correlated with baseline body mass index (BMI) and current BMI. No other correlations between percentage of basal insulin requirements and any other factors were seen.Conclusion
Our data suggest that, even though some endogenous insulin production remains during the first year after diagnosis of T1DM, the distribution of basal versus total daily insulin requirements remains the same as in the general population of people with diabetes. There may be benefits to starting patients on a higher basal rate at time of diagnosis for overall glycemic control during the first six months. Further research is needed to optimize starting insulin doses to maximize their potential in preserving beta-cell function. 相似文献992.
O. Klein B. Demoulin R. T. Jean Auque G. Audibert C. Sainte‐Rose J.‐C. Marchal F. Marchal 《Acta neurologica Scandinavica》2010,122(2):140-147
Klein O, Demoulin B, Jean Auque RT, Audibert G, Sainte‐Rose C, Marchal J‐C, Marchal F. Cerebrospinal fluid outflow and intracranial pressure in hydrocephalic patients with external ventricular drainage.Acta Neurol Scand: DOI: 2010: 122: 140–147.© 2009 The Authors Journal compilation © 2009 Blackwell Munksgaard. Background and purpose – The aim of this study was to monitor the 24 h cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) outflow and intracranial pressure (ICP) in hydrocephalic adult patients with external ventricular drainage (EVD). Patients and methods – Twelve patients (5M/7F) aged 30–69 years suffering from acute hydrocephalus requiring EVD were admitted in the neuro‐intensive care unit. The CSF collecting bag was continuously weighted using a high‐precision scale, the filtered output of which was fed at 1 Hz to a computer and converted to flow (Q′extcsf). ICP was also recorded. Results – One patient was excluded because more than 80% of the Q′extcsf data were rejected by the system. The mean ± SD Q′extcsf and ICP were respectively 7.5 ± 3.4 ml/h (range 1.6–12.1 ml/h) and 12.4 ± 2.7 mmHg. Two patterns of Q′extcsf were identified: a continuous profile and a discontinuous one with numerous bursts frequently associated with manoeuvres such as cough or chest physiotherapy. The short‐term variations of Q′extcsf and ICP were usually unrelated. Conclusion – The study stresses the important inter and intra‐subject variability of Q′extcsf in patients with EVD. The mean Q′extcsf is lower than the reference production rate (21 ml/h), raising the question of persistent CSF absorption and/or depressed secretion. The independent changes of Q′extcsf and ICP on the short term is likely to be explained by the pressure–volume characteristics of the intracranial space. 相似文献
993.
994.
本文主要通过探讨预处理系统及二级反渗透系统的主要结构和工作原理来阐述血液透析用水的生产工艺,并总结了水处理系统设计选型的要点,以保证透析质量。 相似文献
995.
王俊香 《辽宁中医药大学学报》2013,(10):49-50
目的:筛选研究消癌平片的生产工艺。方法:用分光光度法测定多糖含量;用高效液相色谱法测定橙皮苷含量;并测定干膏得率;根据多糖含量、橙皮苷含量和干膏得率三个指标来确定药材提取工艺;通过多次试验,确定喷雾制粒的清膏密度和压片辅料的比例。结果:消癌平片最佳提取工艺条件是:加水量为12、10、8倍,提取时间为2、1.5、1h;喷雾制粒的清膏密度为1.23~1.25(75~80℃测);辅料比例糊精∶淀粉为1∶2。结论:通过对消癌平生产工艺几个关键点的研究,确定了消癌平的生产工艺。 相似文献
996.
《Clinical and experimental hypertension (New York, N.Y. : 1993)》2013,35(7-8):531-534
Genetic factors are important in the pathogenesis of cerebrovascular diseases. Stroke represents a multifactorial polygenic disorder where the role of environmental factors is quite well defined as opposed to the role of genetic factors which needs to be further elucidated. Several genes affecting hemostasis, renin-angiotensin system, nitric oxide production, homocysteine metabolism and lipid metabolism have been investigated in stroke even if with conflicting results. The genetic approach could permit, in the future, a better characterization of stroke patients and a more effective individual preventive and therapeutic approach. 相似文献
997.
《Modern rheumatology / the Japan Rheumatism Association》2013,23(2):147-157
AbstractWe detected and analyzed an intracellular mechanism of a substance P-induced priming effect on cytokine production using human synovial cells. The synovial tissues were isolated from the knee joints of osteoarthritis patients. After the administration of a low dose of substance P (1 nM) without significant effect alone, the synovial cells were stimulated with substance P (30 μM), phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) (100 nM), and calcium ionophore (A23187), (1 μM). The total interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 levels in the supernatant was measured by an enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit, and the changes in the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) and protein kinase C (PKC) activation were measured by the fura 2-AM fluorescence method and a radioimmunoassay, respectively. The substance P-induced cytokine production was accompanied by an elevation of [Ca2+]i and PKC activation. The amounts of cytokines produced from the substance P (1 nM)-primed synovial cells stimulated with 30 μM substance P were approximately 4 times as much as that observed in non-primed cells. In addition, the priming treatment with 1 nM substance P enhanced not only the subsequent substance P-induced cytokine production, but also the PMA-induced response. However, substance P (1 nM) priming treatment did not affect the A23187-induced response. Furthermore, in substance P-primed cells, substance P (30 μM) induced a significant activation of PKC without changing the [Ca2+]i elevation response. These results suggest that the substance P-priming effect on synovial cells contributed to changes in intracellular mechanisms such as PKC activation. 相似文献
998.
999.
He Sun Tao Jiang Shubao Wang Bing He Yongyan Zhang Dongxu Piao Chong Yu Na Wu Ping Han 《Diabetes research and clinical practice》2013
Aims
We aimed to investigate the effects of LXRα, ChREBP and Elovl6 in the development of insulin resistance-induced by medium- and long-chain fatty acids.Methods
Sprague Dawley rats were fed a standard chow diet (Control group) or a high-fat, high sucrose diet with different fat sources (coconut oil, lard, sunflower and fish oil) for 8 weeks. These oils were rich in medium-chain saturated fatty acids (MCFA group), long-chain saturated fatty acids (LCFA group), n-6 and n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFA and n-3 PUFA groups), respectively, which had different chain lengths and degrees of unsaturation. Hyperinsulinemic–euglycemic clamp with [6-3H] glucose infusion was performed in conscious rats to assess hepatic insulin sensitivity.Results
LCFA and n-6 PUFA groups induced hepatic insulin resistance and increased liver X receptor α (LXRα), carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) and long-chain fatty acid elongase 6 (Elovl6) expression in liver and white adipose tissue (WAT). Furthermore, LCFA and n-6 PUFA groups suppressed Akt serine 473 phosphorylation in liver and WAT. By contrast, in liver and WAT, MCFA and n-3 PUFA groups decreased LXRα, ChREBP and Elovl6 expression and improved insulin signaling and insulin resistance, but Akt serine 473 phosphorylation was not restored by MCFA group in WAT.Conclusions
This study demonstrated that the mechanism of the different effects of medium- and long-chain fatty acids on hepatic insulin resistance involves LXRα, ChREBP and Elovl6 alternations in liver and WAT. It points to a new strategy for ameliorating insulin resistance and diabetes through intervention on Elovl6 or its control genes. 相似文献1000.